Medical World Research Articles

Efficacy of Diclofenac and Indomethacin for Prevention of Post-Endoscopic Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review.

Endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic tool for pancreaticobiliary conditions. One of its major complications is pancreatitis. This study aims to understand the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis after using rectal diclofenac and Indomethacin as prophylactic measures. We retrieved 2870 articles from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) strategy in PubMed, we chose research articles published in the last five years. Exclusion criteria included paid full-text articles, abstracts, letters to editors, patients not undergoing ERCP, ages more than 45 years, animal studies, and non-English studies. The 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria were used in the design of our systematic reviews. It was found that the medical world is still debating whether rectal diclofenac and Indomethacin are beneficial in avoiding post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Rectal diclofenac is used. Although its effectiveness is debated due to mixed findings and concerns about certain outcomes, it is also considered beneficial in specific circumstances, such as before ERCP. Studies on rectal Indomethacin also yield contradictory results; while some emphasize the drug's large reduction in PEP incidence, especially in low-risk people, others question its efficacy. We need further studies to clarify the remaining uncertainties.

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES OF MEDICINAL PLANT Hibiscus tiliaceus L.

Antimicrobial agents are very important in the medical world. The agent is used as a surgical and intensive care procedure. However, bacteria have become resistant to the antibiotics used. Apart from that, antioxidants are also needed in the medical world as neuroprotectives and preventing free radicals in the body so as to avoid degenerative diseases. Hibiscus tiliaceus L or better known in Indonesia is a waru plant, containing various active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins that can be used as alternatives as natural antimicrobials and antioxidants. The purpose of writing this review article is to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of hibiscus plants (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.). The method used in this review article is a literature study obtained from sciencedirect, researchgate and google scholar regarding the benefits of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. leaf extract as an antimicrobial and antioxidant through a literature search process using research articles from the last 10 years. Based on research that has been carried out, it shows that Hibiscus tiliaceus L. leaves extract has the potential to be a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant.

Legalization of Medical Marijuana Use in Legal Perspectiveand Human Rights

Provisions in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics regulate that marijuana is included in class one. Marijuana is a narcotic which is categorized as an addictive substance with a very high scale of danger to health. Marijuana is a substance/drug that can cause a decrease or change in consciousness, loss of taste, reduce pain and is addictive (dependence). Marijuana is included in a group that cannot be used in general, but in certain doses and with the permission of the government, in this case the Minister, it can be used for the development of science. Researchers say that Marijuana makes a positive contribution, and is generally safer to consume than drugs other than Marijuana which contain many chemical ingredients, thus causing side effects in the medical world. What is discussed in this research is how the use of marijuana is regulated by law in Indonesia and whether the use of medical marijuana violates human rights in Indonesia. The research method in this writing is normative research, using a statutory approach, case approach and conceptual approach. This research concludes that regulations on the use of marijuana are contained in Law No. 35 of 2009 and the use of medical marijuana does not violate human rights.

Antimicrobial Potential of Brassica oleracea Extracts (White and Broccoli) and Their Resistance Compared to Doxycycline Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Brassica oleracea L is low in carbohydrates and fiber, making it ideal for low-carb diets. But they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. The present article investigated the antimicrobial effect of B. oleracea extract (white and broccoli) (BOE-WB) on Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and its resistance to doxycycline. BOE-WB was used as the soaking method. It was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The samples were prepared with three concentrations. It used Mueller Hinton Agar culture medium of fresh bacteria. It was incubated for 24 h in a 37°C incubator. It identified 33 compounds. For BOE-W, 77% of the compounds are oxygenated, while for BOE-B, this percentage is 79%. For BOE-B, 79% had oxygenated compounds. BOE-WB has significant antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Bacillus cereus. The lethal impact of BOE-WB on strains is very close to that of doxycycline, and it can be introduced as a new antimicrobial drug to the medical world. The research shows that the percentage of oxygenated compounds in foods containing BOE-B is much higher than that of BOE-W. It has a significant impact on the antioxidant effect. Foods containing BOE-W have a high percentage of azo compounds and sulfur. One of the benefits of sulfur in the body is disinfecting the blood. In addition, sulfur increases the body's resistance to bacteria.

Harm reduction nursing and the path toward developing best practice: Lessons from caring for people with xylazine-associated wounds in Philadelphia, PA

Xylazine-associated wounds are a distinct, novel clinical entity characterized by co-occurrence with substance use, progressive necrosis of skin, muscle, tendon, and bone, and slow healing. In Philadelphia, the specter of limb loss, stigma, and shame has hung over hospital-based care for xylazine-associated wounds among people who use drugs (PWUD) and kept many people away from engaging in care. Continued engagement in harm reduction wound care nursing, however, offers an opportunity for PWUD to address their wounds and their fears with members of the medical world. In the absence of established best practices, harm reduction’s model of risk-reductive care offers a way forward for patients and practitioners alike. Here, “harm reduction” describes an ethic of practical, trauma-informed, patient-centered care. It is this integration of harm reduction into medicine and public health that effectively promotes the safety, survival, and recovery of PWUD across all spectrums of drug use habits and housing stability.

Sports Performance and Intermittent Fasting: Impact on Training and Results, Mechanisms and Health Benefits in Weight Management, Metabolic Health, and Chronic Diseases – A Review of Risks, Current Evidence, and Future Research Directions

Introduction: Intermittent Fasting (IF) has become a popular method in the contemporary medical world as an up-to date technique of the health and wellbeing in the last several years. Purpose: This research aims to investigate the both impact of IF on sports performance and therapeutic potential of IF on cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases with focus on obesity, diabetes and impact on cardiometabolic risk. State of Knowledge: Intermittent fasting has been found to extend both life and health span by positively impacting weight management, reducing the risk of cardiovascular incidents, promoting cellular repair, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory actions. It improves blood sugar levels, provides protection against hepatosteatosis, enhances lipid metabolism and has beneficial effects on the brain-gut-microbiome system. IF leads to improved mental performance and offers benefits for neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and multiple sclerosis IF has shown beneficial effects on body composition and lean muscle mass without compromising physical performance nor impair strength. However, concerns about nutritional deficiencies, sustainability, and social implications are evident. Common drawbacks of IF include feelings of hunger, irritability, fatigue and hypoglycemia risk. IF is not recommended for pregnant woman and individuals suffering from eating disorders. Conclusions: IF is as a promising tool alongside traditional therapeutic strategies, particularly for addressing obesity, diabetes, and managing cardiovascular risk. For athletes it is a valuable tool in managing fat-mass particularly combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT). However it is not recommended for certain groups. The diverse landscape of IF patterns, coupled with drawbacks, underscores the necessity for long-term research before routinely recommending IF for athletes and patients.

REALTIME IMPLEMENTATION OF SHOULDER POSTURE DETECTION WITH COMPUTER VISION

The development of health technology is currently growing rapidly along with the needs of health workers for medical information. Computer Vision is one of the technologies used in the medical world, including the human shoulder posture detection system using the MediaPipe library. This system automatically calculates the logic of posture measurements based on the basis of manual measurements with anthropometric tools, so that health workers can easily get precise and accurate information about the results of shoulder posture detection. The system created with the Python programming language allows real-time shoulder posture detection and avoids human error. This research successfully created a human shoulder posture detection system using MediaPipe on computer vision technology to make it easier for medical personnel to get real-time measurement results.

The surgical metaverse

Recent developments have seen acceleration in the development of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology. Through these developments, the metaverse has emerged. Within the metaverse, users create an avatar to experience an immersive, interactive extended reality. Current front-runners in its implementation are the financial, communication and entertainment sectors. This technology, however, is receiving greater recognition in the medical world, with national and international surgical bodies acknowledging the benefits that VR and the metaverse will have on surgical training and patient care. Its versatility means that we are likely to see VR related technology become intimately woven into the fabric of surgery in the next two decade. In this article, the impact of the metaverse on the surgical field will be discussed.

Effects of Bees and Bee Products on Human and Anımal Health

One of the creatures that are beneficial to nature and humans is bees. In addition to their production in their life cycle, they ensure their nutrition, the nutrition of their offspring, and the protection of their hives. As a result of these purposes, they create valuable products. The importance of bee products is better understood when natural nutrition is considered. Bees and bee products have been used for therapeutic purposes in the past. This rapidly developing method, now called Apitherapy, has been accepted in the medical world as it is based on the results of scientific research and supports modern medicine. Honey bee products such as honey, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom, and bee bread are widely used in human and animal health. Information about some properties of honey and bee products and their effects on health are compiled and conveyed in this review.

YOLOv8's advancements in tuberculosis identification from chest images.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic and pathogenic disease that leads to life-threatening situations like death. Many people have been affected by TB owing to inaccuracy, late diagnosis, and deficiency of treatment. The early detection of TB is important to protect people from the severity of the disease and its threatening consequences. Traditionally, different manual methods have been used for TB prediction, such as chest X-rays and CT scans. Nevertheless, these approaches are identified as time-consuming and ineffective for achieving optimal results. To resolve this problem, several researchers have focused on TB prediction. Conversely, it results in a lack of accuracy, overfitting of data, and speed. For improving TB prediction, the proposed research employs the Selection Focal Fusion (SFF) block in the You Look Only Once v8 (YOLOv8, Ultralytics software company, Los Angeles, United States) object detection model with attention mechanism through the Kaggle TBX-11k dataset. The YOLOv8 is used for its ability to detect multiple objects in a single pass. However, it struggles with small objects and finds it impossible to perform fine-grained classifications. To evade this problem, the proposed research incorporates the SFF technique to improve detection performance and decrease small object missed detection rates. Correspondingly, the efficacy of the projected mechanism is calculated utilizing various performance metrics such as recall, precision, F1Score, and mean Average Precision (mAP) to estimate the performance of the proposed framework. Furthermore, the comparison of existing models reveals the efficiency of the proposed research. The present research is envisioned to contribute to the medical world and assist radiologists in identifying tuberculosis using the YOLOv8 model to obtain an optimal outcome.

Aspects of DNA interaction with the natural heterocyclic compounds

Cancer is now one of the major challenges in the medical world. An unhealthy lifestyle, and abuse or inappropriate use of drugs stimulate this disease. The drug resistance and imperfections of drugs used in cancer therapy have enforced the development of new drugs with therapeutic potential. Despite the introduction of synthetic drugs, the discovery of new drugs with natural origin has increasing attention in the treatment of diseases, recently. As natural compounds show a considerable diversity of chemical structures, they are liable for diverse mechanisms of action and interaction with target molecules. Heterocyclic natural compounds are a substantial part of natural compounds with excellent properties. These compounds possess various interaction modes with DNA. This review focus on the heterocyclic natural compounds with therapeutic potential and their binding mode with DNA.

Jean-Martin Charcot, member of thesis juries at the Paris medical school (1862–1893)

ABSTRACT Jean-Martin Charcot is considered the founding father of modern neurology. There are many general and specialized biographies about him, the result being that a new text is unexpected or would likely amount to plagiarism. However, part of the duties for Charcot’s medical professorship have not, to date, been studied at all. This article will focus on the role of Charcot as a member of doctorate juries and, in particular, as the president of these juries. I have reviewed around 12,500 theses one by one. These were defended at the Paris medical school from 1862, Charcot’s first year as an agrégé (assistant professor), to his death in 1893. Among the theses, I have selected all of those that discuss neuropsychiatry in the broadest terms (3,663). I have paid particular attention to all of those for which Charcot was part of the jury. This involves 608 theses. All of the data were entered in a database (Filemaker) to facilitate identifying those theses corresponding to one or more of the criteria. Statistical comparisons were then carried out (Excel spreadsheet). In addition to these results, brief individualized surveys were conducted on theses selected for their representativeness, either for the subject matter (multiple sclerosis, aphasia, tabes, general paralysis, etc.) or for specific criteria (foreigners, women, etc.), but all of the theses were defended before a jury that included Charcot. This makes it possible to track how the areas of study in the medical world changed over time, and particularly those of Charcot. The juries Charcot was obliged to be a part of, without any particular ties to the candidate and/or any involvement in the selection and supervision of the work, must be differentiated from the thesis juries for his students. In the latter case, the thesis subjects were most often linked to Charcot’s researches. Providing a thesis subject was motivated, in certain cases, by the desire to disseminate new data in the medical profession, not only by dint of the theses themselves but also through the reports that the medical press published regularly (e.g. the diagnosis of various types of shaking) and through the commercial publication of these data, in some cases with a preface by Charcot. In other cases, the thesis was a step in the long process of developing a theory (hysteria). Or it led to a flowering of new ideas, insufficiently proven, which Charcot would only cover in his Lessons once there was convincing confirmation (amyotrophy). This rich cornucopia gives rise to certain neglected nuggets, as well as works that have entered the classical corpus—for example, the theses of Léopold Ordenstein, Ivan Poumeau, Isaac Bruhl, Albert Gombault, and Pierre Janet.

Delineating the Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Significance of MicroRNAs in IDH-wildtype Glioblastoma as Defined by the WHO CNS5 Criteria

The World Health Organization (WHO) CNS5 classification, updated in 2021, has brought about a significant transformation in the diagnosis and treatment of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, a subgroup of aggressive brain tumors. This new system, which incorporates molecular markers alongside traditional tissue analysis, provides a more refined approach that facilitates the identification of distinct glioblastoma subtypes with unique genetic profiles. Examples of these subtypes include IDH-mutant astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-deleted oligodendroglioma, and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Despite advancements in genetics and targeted therapies, the treatment of these malignant tumors remains an ongoing quest. Therefore, the need for more specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is undeniable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as molecules that molecular biology has brought to the medical world in this context. These tiny molecules act as master regulators of gene expression and hold immense potential for glioblastoma diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and biomarker development. Recent research has highlighted the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic strategies, attracting scientific interest to this point. This review examines the current relationships of miRNAs in the context of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma within the framework of the WHO CNS5 classification. Utilizing extensive databases, this article investigates the intricate relationship between genetic abnormalities defined in the latest WHO classification and dysregulated miRNAs. By analyzing proposed molecular biomarkers and associated miRNA dysregulation, we aim to pave the way for the development of personalized miRNA-based therapies for this aggressive cancer type.

Medical schools in empires: connecting the dots.

This article provides an overview of the historiography of medical education and calls for greater attention to the connections between medical schools. It begins by reviewing research on medical education in imperial metropoles. Researchers have compared medical schools in different national contexts, traced travellers between them or examined the hierarchies that medical education created within the medical profession. The article then shows how historians have emphasised the ways in which medicine in colonial empires was shaped by negotiation, exchange, hybridisation and competition. The final part of the article introduces the special issue 'Medical Education in Empires'. Drawing on a variety of sources in English, French, Dutch and Chinese, the special issue builds on these historiographies by juxtaposing cases of medical schools in imperial contexts since the eighteenth century. It considers who funded these medical schools and why, what models of medicine underpinned their creation, what social changes they contributed to, what life was like in these schools, who the students and teachers were and what graduates did with their medical careers. This special issue thus contributes to clarifying the role of medical education in empires and the long-term impact of empires on the medical world.

Measuring the Role of Kiai and Santri in Creating the Spirit of Nationalism (Historical Approach in Reconstructing the Meaning of Jihad Resolution)

This article discusses the Jihad Resolution and the Nationalist spirit of the Islamic boarding school students (santri) in fighting for Indonesian independence because recently the Nationalist spirit of the Indonesian people has begun to erode, some even consider it an ideology that is contrary to Islam. By using a qualitative-historical approach and data collection techniques through literature study, this article wants to show that the spirit of Nationalism needs to be instilled in the souls of all the nation's children because it is the result of the Jihad Resolution to jointly defend and dedicate identity, integrity with the national spirit that was born by Hadratus Sheikh KH. Hasyim Asy'ari as a great scholar and founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Therefore, the opinion that Nationalism is a heretical ideology does not have a strong argument, especially when considering that Nationalism is excessive fanaticism which is prohibited makers that it is necessary to continuously instill the spirit of Nationalism by in religion. The results of this research can at least provide input to policy reviving the Jihad Resolution which is currently relevant to the nation's conditions. Jihad resolution does not mean physical war, but jihad can be actualized by a student in several aspects. Like; literacy jihad, jihad in the medical world, technology, economics, politics and other things relevant to.

Comparison of an AI-Generated Case Report With a Human-Written Case Report: Practical Considerations for AI-Assisted Medical Writing.

The utility of ChatGPT has recently caused consternation in the medical world. While it has been utilized to write manuscripts, only a few studies have evaluated the quality of manuscripts generated by AI (artificial intelligence). We evaluate the ability of ChatGPT to write a case report when provided with a framework. We also provide practical considerations for manuscript writing using AI. We compared a manuscript written by a blinded human author (10 years of medical experience) with a manuscript written by ChatGPT on a rare presentation of a common disease. We used multiple iterations of the manuscript generation request to derive the best ChatGPT output. Participants, outcomes, and measures: 22 human reviewers compared the manuscripts using parameters that characterize human writing and relevant standard manuscript assessment criteria, viz., scholarly impact quotient (SIQ). We also compared the manuscripts using the "average perplexity score" (APS), "burstiness score" (BS), and "highest perplexity of a sentence" (GPTZero parameters to detect AI-generated content). The human manuscript had a significantly higher quality of presentation and nuanced writing (p<0.05). Both manuscripts had a logical flow. 12/22 reviewers were able to identify the AI-generated manuscript (p<0.05), but 4/22 reviewers wrongly identified the human-written manuscript as AI-generated. GPTZero software erroneously identified four sentences of the human-written manuscript to be AI-generated. Though AI showed an ability to highlight the novelty of the case report and project a logical flow comparable to the human manuscript, it could not outperform the human writer on all parameters. The human manuscript showed a better quality of presentation and more nuanced writing. The practical considerations we provide for AI-assisted medical writing will help to better utilize AI in manuscript writing.

Identification of macrofungal Ganodermataceae in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve

Fungi are organisms that enrich the diversity of living things in the plant world. Macroscopic fungi significantly affect the forest food web, the survival or germination of saplings, tree growth, and the overall health of the forest. Ganoderma has been widely cultivated in various countries due to its benefits as a medicine which is known to have the ability to treat hypertension, hyperglycemia, acute bronchitis, hepatitis, leukopenia, and arteriosclerosis. Research on mushrooms is still very minimally documented, so this research needs to be done. This study aims to identify the types of macroscopic fungi of the ganodermataceae that exist in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve. This study uses a direct survey method in the field. This method can be done by exploring in an area. Based on the research results, 6 types of macroscopic fungi from the Ganoderma family were obtained, namely Amauroderma rude, Cymatoderma elegans, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma pfeifferi, and Ganoderma boninense. The six types of mushrooms come from 3 genera, namely Amauroderma, Cymatoderma, and Ganoderma. Each type has different morphological characteristics which are the basis for distinguishing them. The potential utilization of Ganoderma has now been widely developed in the medical world

An optimal method for diagnosing heart disease using combination of grasshopper evalutionary algorithm and support vector machines

Due to the importance of accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of this condition, the medical world is searching for a solution for its early detection and efficient treatment. Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in modern society. With the development of computer science today, this issue can be resolved using computers. Data mining is one of the solutions for diagnosing this illness. One of the cutting-edge disciplines, data mining, can aid in better decision-making in many areas of medicine, including disease diagnosis and treatment. In order to improve diagnosis accuracy, a combination method using the evolutionary algorithms locust and support vector machine has been tested in this study. Use should be made of heart disease. Because of the hybrid nature of this approach, normalization is actually carried out in three steps: first, by using pre-processing operations to remove unknown and outlier data from the data set; second, by using the locust evolutionary algorithm to choose the best features from the available features; and third, by classifying the data set using a support vector machine. The accuracy criterion for the proposed method compared to Niobizin methods, neural networks, and J48 trees improved by 18 %, 30 %, and 24 %, respectively, after implementing it on the data set and comparing it with other algorithms used in the field of heart disease diagnosis.

Antileukemia Activity of Human Natural Killer Cell-Derived Nanomagic Bullets against Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Background: Cancer is among the serious health problems of the medical world, for treatment of which severe treatments are used. However, the prognosis of cancer patients is still poor. The application of NK cell-derived exosomes (NK-Exo) is a new method for cancer immunotherapy. These nanoparticles with a size range of 30-120 nm are a small model of mother cells. In this study, the anti-tumor activity of NK-Exo and LAK-Exo (activated NK cell-derived exosome) against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is investigated in vitro. Materials and Methods: The MACS method was performed for the separation of NK cells from the buffy coats of healthy donors, and an EXOCIBE kit was used for the isolation of NK-Exo. After treating the KG-1 cell line with different doses of NK-Exo, MTT assay, and annexin V-PE were done to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, and for confirmation of involved proteins, Real-Time PCR and western blotting were performed. Results: Anti-tumor activity of NK-Exo and LAK-Exo was dose- and time-dependent. Their highest activities were observed following 48 hours of incubation with 50 µg/ml exosome (p<0.0001). However, this cytotoxic activity was also seen over a short period of time with low concentrations of NK-Exo (p<0.05) and LAK-Exo (p<0.001).The cytotoxic effect of LAK-Exo on target cells was significantly higher than NK-EXO. The induction of apoptosis by different pathways was time-point dependent. Total apoptosis was 34.56% and 51.6% after 48 hours of tumor cell coculture with 50µg/ml NK-Exo and LAK-Exo, respectively. Significant expression of CASPASE3, P38, and CYTOCHROME C genes was observed in the cells treated with 50 µg/ml NK-Exo and LAK-Exo. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the antileukemia activity of NK-Exo against AML tumor cells in vitro. Therefore, NK-Exo can be considered as a promising and effective treatment for leukemia therapy.

GPT-4/4V's performance on the Japanese National Medical Licensing Examination

Background Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are changing the medical world, and AI will likely replace many of the actions performed by medical professionals. The overall clinical ability of the AI has been evaluated by its ability to answer a text-based national medical examination. This study uniquely assesses the performance of Open AI's ChatGPT against all Japanese National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE), including images, illustrations, and pictures. Methods We obtained the questions of the past six years of the NMLE (112th to 117th) from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare website. We converted them to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format. We created an application programming interface (API) to output correct answers using GPT-4 for questions without images and GPT4-V(ision) or GPT4 console for questions with images. Results The percentage of image questions was 723/2400 (30.1%) over the past six years. In all years, GPT-4/4V exceeded the minimum score the examinee should score. In total, over the six years, the percentage of correct answers for basic medical knowledge questions was 665/905 (73.5%); for clinical knowledge questions, 1143/1531 (74.7%); and for image questions 497/723 (68.7%), respectively. Conclusions Regarding medical knowledge, GPT-4/4V met the minimum criteria regardless of whether the questions included images, illustrations, and pictures. Our study sheds light on the potential utility of AI in medical education.