Medical University Vienna Research Articles

Abstract

mrh.2012.0329 Selected Abstracts of 8th Romanian Magnesium Congress with international participation Sibiu, Romania 15-17 November 2012 Presidents of Congress: Prof. Paul Jurgen Porr and Prof. Mihai Nechifor Coronary artery disease - magnesium as an adjuvant R. Smetana Medical University Vienna, Clin. Dept. Cardiology, Vienna, Austria The myocardium has an adrenaline-induced, intracellular energy metabolism which is magnesium-ATP dependent. When there is permanent, increased [...]

Guided and unguided mandibular reference positions in asymptomatic individuals

To determine the difference between guided and unguided mandibular reference positions assessed by articulator simulation. This study was carried out at the Division of Orthodontics at Vienna Medical University. The sample population consisted of 19 men and 18 women aged 23-32 years and without temporomandibular disorder. Three examiners used bimanual operator guidance and unguided mandibular stationary hinging at final jaw closure before occlusal contact and made occlusal wax recordings. The examiners repeated both techniques after 8 and 17 days on the same subjects. Condylar positions were assessed using articulator-mounted casts and a three-dimensional electronic condylar position indicator. Bimanual guidance positioned the condylar spheres, on average, 0.1 mm more right and 0.6 mm more posterior and superior to unguided hinging (p < 0.04). The repeatability of bimanual guidance by three operators and on 3 days resulted in inter-repetition standard deviations ranging from 0.19 to 0.4 mm and from 0.41 to 0.76 mm for unguided hinging. The highest fraction of the total variance came from the individuals, followed by days, then intra-operator and interoperator variability. Both methods showed considerable overlap of condylar sphere positions at the 95% confidence level. Within the limits of an articulator study, the spatial variability of condylar sphere positions suggested a statistically but not clinically relevant methodological difference between bimanual guidance and unguided stationary hinging.

A phase II study of lenalidomide in patients with extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma shares certain features with multiple myeloma. In view of this and the activity of lenalidomide in various B-cell lymphomas, we have initiated a phase II study of lenalidomide in patients with mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Patients with histologically verified advanced stages of this lymphoma were included in the study. Treatment consisted of oral lenalidomide 25 mg Days 1-21, with a 7-day break after each cycle. A total of 18 patients were included in the trial: 5 had gastric and 13 had extragastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, but 2 discontinued therapy during the first course of therapy. In the intent to treat analysis, an overall response rate of 61% was seen (11 of 18; 6 complete and 5 partial remissions). Three patients had stable disease while 2 progressed. Side effects were manageable and included neutropenia (grade III in 3 patients) as the leading hematotoxicity. After a median follow up of 20.3 months, one patient has died from lymphoma while the remaining patients are alive and relapse-free. These data suggest activity of lenalidomide monotherapy in mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The study protocol had been approved by the Ethical Board of the Medical University Vienna (EK-No.: 146/09), and before opening the trial, it had been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov. (identifier: NCT00923663).

LOP14

Medical University Vienna, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vienna, Austria Papers are reprinted as they were submitted. The EPSRC takes no responsibility for typographical or other errors.

Is penile atherosclerosis the link between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk? An autopsy study

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasingly linked to coronary heart disease risk. Aim of this study was to test the hypothesis whether this association is due to penile atherosclerosis. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of penile atherosclerosis in relation to coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis. Between January and June 2010, a consecutive series of 31 men underwent an autopsy at the Department of Pathology at the Medical University Vienna. Atherosclerosis at the following localizations were histologically classified: right coronary artery, left coronary artery, left circumflex artery, internal iliac artery, dorsal penile artery and deep penile artery (bilateral). Coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis was present in 87.1 and 77.4% of cases. Atherosclerosis of penile arteries was detectable in only 4 men (12.9%). The only factor linked to penile atherosclerosis was diabetes (P=0.03). All other parameters as assessed according to medical history, general finding from autopsy or histological results regarding arterial lesions in general were not correlated to penile arterial lesions. In contrast to the high prevalence of atherosclerosis in general, penile arterial lesions are rarely present.

Corrigendum to 'Integrin-linked kinase, phosphorylated AKT and the prognosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma' [Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;39:180-4

a Division of Thoracic Surgery, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria b Karl Landsteiner Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria c Division of Pathology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria d Division of Cytology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria e Division of Pathology, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria f Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria

Association of age and gender with alphaherpesvirus infections of the central nervous system in the immunocompetent host

BackgroundThe alphaherpesviruses Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) can cause severe infections of the central nervous system (CNS). ObjectivesTo analyze whether age and gender of immunocompetent individuals are associated with the incidence of herpesvirus CNS diseases. Study designA total of 241 patients with virologically confirmed HSV-1, HSV-2 or VZV-infection of the CNS (excluding neonatal infection and varicella), diagnosed at the Department of Virology, Medical University Vienna, from 2001 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The relative incidence of disease was evaluated statistically with respect to gender and age. ResultsThe relative incidence of VZV CNS disease increased with age (p<0.0001), and nonlinear age dependences were observed for HSV-1 (p=0.005) and HSV-2 disease (p=0.002). These effects were influenced significantly by the patient's gender in VZV (p=0.0003) and HSV-1 disease (p=0.008). Overall, 50.7% of VZV infections in males, but only 23.5% of those in females, occurred before age 45, and 28.9% of HSV-1 infections in males and 8.8% of those in females occurred before age 30. Women represented 71.9% of HSV-2 CNS infections (p=0.02). ConclusionsThe patient's gender is clearly associated with the incidence of CNS disease caused by VZV, HSV-1 and HSV-2, and its influence varies over one's lifetime.

Vascular malformations in infancy and young adulthood: signs and symptoms signaling progression

Summary. Background: Vascular malformations (VMFs) are errors in the embryonic development of vessels and are always present at birth, but not necessarily visible or symptomatic. VMFs grow or dilate proportionally with the child and sometimes expand suddenly. They often get symptomatic at a later moment in life, mostly during childhood or adolescence. Objective: The objective is to elucidate the natural historyofVMFsinchildrenandyoungadultsandtofigure out how they are influenced in order to predict the course of the condition, to inform patients, parents and physicians about what awaits them and how they could possibly avoid progression or at least, be prepared to handle it. Methods: 51 patients displaying different types of vascular malformations at the Vascular Anomalies Center at the Medical University Vienna were included in this study. They were interviewed by questionnaire about the course of their disease, symptoms and possible triggers. Results: The patient collective was composed of 25 male and 26 female patients between 4 and 66 years of age. 37 had a slow-flow malformation (with capillary, venous or lymphatic components), 14 had a fast-flow malformation. Most of the malformations (64%) were localized on the extremities. 51% of them had their onset atbirth,37%inthefirst20yearsoflife,only12%laterthan 20 years of age. Symptoms at onset were swelling (75%), pain (45%), functional impairment (43%), skin discoloration (39%) and bleeding (6%). Some patients also experienced local infection at a later moment. 62% of the VMFs grew proportionally with age, 38% of the patients experienced a sudden progression of the lesion. Patients were classified into 4 growth patterns: 31% in 1a (onset at birth, proportional growth), 20% in 1b (onset at birth, progression), 31% in 2a (onset later, proportional growth) and18%in2b(onsetlater,progression).Factorsrelatedto onset and progression were puberty (24%), surgery (8%), trauma (6%) and pregnancy (4%). Factors that worsened the symptoms temporarily were exercise (78%), trauma (41%), heat (25%), stress (18%), illness (18%), cold (16%), pregnancy (8%) and hormonal contraceptives (6%). Conclusions: Due to the small group of patients and the diversity of vascular malformations, not all results were statistically relevant. Nonetheless, an epidemiologic overview is given and a contribution towards elucidation of the natural course of vascular malformations is provided.

Testing of the World Health Organization recommended formulations in their application as hygienic hand rubs and proposals for increased efficacy

In Central Europe, alcohol-based hand rubs have been the preferred choice for hand hygiene, whereas, in other countries, other preparations have been used that are based on other active agents. Recently, a move towards alcohol-based hand rubs has begun, but they may be costly and unaffordable to some. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended 2 hand rub formulations (WHO I and WHO II) for local production in health care settings where commercial products are not available or are too expensive. WHO I, based on ethanol 80% (vol/vol), and WHO II, based on isopropanol 75% (vol/vol), were investigated for their bactericidal efficacy in their application as hygienic hand rubs. The investigation took place at the Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria, as a prospective, randomized, in vivo laboratory study, comparative in crossover design. Both formulations were tested according to the European Standard EN 1500 in 2 applications (1 × 3 mL/30 seconds or 2 × 3 mL/2 × 30 seconds). Additionally, modifications with increased alcohol concentrations (weight instead of volume percent) were tested in the short application. Bactericidal efficacies were compared with those of the respective reference procedure "R," ie, rubbing 2 × 3 mL 60% vol/vol isopropanol for 2 × 30 seconds onto hands artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli K12. The short application of either WHO formulation resulted in bacterial reductions significantly inferior to the respective ones of R. However, prolonging the contact time to 60 seconds or increasing the alcohol content produced reductions similar to those of R. Both WHO-recommended formulations meet the efficacy requirements of EN 1500 within 60 seconds but not within 30 seconds. Increasing the respective alcohol concentrations from 80% vol/vol to 80% wt/wt and 75% vol/vol to 75% wt/wt renders the formulations sufficiently active to conform to the norm also within 30 sections.

Value of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement before liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis increases the risk of postoperative complications after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assessed the role of preoperative hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) assessment in identifying portal hypertension. All patients who underwent liver resection for HCC between January 2000 and December 2009 at the Department of General Surgery, Medical University Vienna, were analysed retrospectively. HVPG was assessed prospectively in a subset of patients before liver resection. The influence of this assessment on postoperative complications was investigated. A total of 132 patients were enrolled, of whom 39 underwent HVPG measurement. Mean(s.d.) HVPG was 6·4(3·0) and 4·3(1·4) mmHg in patients with and without postoperative complications respectively (P = 0·028). Complication rates differed significantly at a cut-off HVPG value of 5 mmHg: 11 of 21 patients with a gradient of 1-5 mmHg developed complications versus 12 of 14 patients with a higher value (P = 0·045). HVPG exceeding 5 mmHg was associated with worse liver fibrosis (P = 0·004), higher rates of postoperative liver dysfunction (5 of 13 versus 1 of 18; P = 0·022) and ascites (7 of 14 versus 3 of 21; P = 0·022), and a longer hospital stay (median (range) 11 (7-26) versus 8 (4-20) days; P = 0·034). Overall postoperative morbidity did not differ between patients who had preoperative HVPG assessment and those who did not (P = 0·142). Preoperative HVPG assessment predicted liver fibrosis and postoperative complications.

ENMG activity within the PRM Department of the Vienna Medical University Hospital (Austria)

ENMG activity within the PRM Department of the Vienna Medical University Hospital (Austria)

The concept of comprehensive cancer centres of medical universities: A summary of thoughts

© Springer-Verlag All over the world, Comprehensive Cancer Centres (CCCs) have started to become established ever after the U.S. National Cancer Institute has launched an initiative and formulated quality-oriented and infrastructural prerequisites for institutions to be recognized as such a CCC. Quite simultaneously, a network of CCCs of various characteristics and properties was established within the countries belonging to the European Union. Th e need for the creation of such CCCs is manifold: it includes the fact that many specialties might be dealing with one singular disease entity, although from diff erent points of view. Th ese disciplines crudely include radiology, pathology plus molecular biology, surgery, medical oncology and radiotherapy. Scientists from each discipline have generated many thousand publications focussing on their medical topic during the recent few years making a general and academically representative command of the entire fi eld incomprehensible to only one medical specialty. Th erefore, the concept of interdisciplinary tumour boards which would discuss each individual patient and the optimal access to diagnosis and treatment of his or her disease. Structurally, tumour boards are based upon the interdisciplinarity of patient treatment, thus creating an important shift in a treatment paradigm by involving an orchestrated attempt of various disciplines into diagnosis and resulting into multidisciplinary treatment. Interdisciplinary tumour boards constitute an attempt to cater all recent advances and scientifi cally based insights to each individual patient, and are not only able to provide patients with state-of-the-art interdisciplinary care. Moreover and if structured accordingly, many more patients can be recruited into clinical trials which constitute the centerpiece of clinical advances and are a sine qua non for progress. By virtue of the present interdisciplinary expertise, such interdisciplinary tumour boards can also reach out to the medical community by defi ning standards of care. As a result, this CCC-associated aspect should lead to the defi nition of not only locally, but also regionally valid treatment guidelines. Th us, it is important for each CCC to seek close cooperation with neighbouring academic institutions resulting in a reciprocal defi nition of mutually benefi cial clinical, academic and scientifi c exchange. Such neighbouring institutions should include cooperative study groups which have the potential to include many patients into clinical trials within a relatively short time. In the case of the CCC of the Medical University Vienna – General Hospital, such groups include the famous ABCSG and CECOG. Th us, it should be no surprise that the president of ABCSG, Prof. Michael Gnant, holds one of the most important positions within the CCC structure (for further information, please visit www.ccc.ac.at).

S18 * LESCH TYPOLOGY (LAT): FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO TREATMENT * S18.1 * LESCH ALCOHOLISM TYPOLOGY AND TEMPERAMENTS: THEIR ROLE IN ETIOLOGY, COURSE AND TREATMENT

S18 * LESCH TYPOLOGY (LAT): FROM BASIC RESEARCH TO TREATMENT * S18.1 * LESCH ALCOHOLISM TYPOLOGY AND TEMPERAMENTS: THEIR ROLE IN ETIOLOGY, COURSE AND TREATMENT

Development of a practical tool to measure the impact of publications on the society based on focus group discussions with scientists.

BackgroundA 'societal impact factor' that complements the scientific impact factor would contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of scientific research. In order to develop a practical tool for its assessment, it is important to learn about perceptions of scientists on how to measure a societal impact factor.MethodsThis qualitative study presents the development of a practical tool to measure the societal impact of publications based on 8 focus group discussions with 24 biomedical scientists at the Medical University Vienna between May 2008 and May 2009. Topics focused on (1) features of an ideal tool, (2) criteria that should be considered in the assessment, and (3) the identification of practical pitfalls. In an iterative exercise involving the repeated application of the drafted tool to scientific papers, criteria for the assessment were refined. A small-scale exercise to evaluate the tool in terms of its comprehensibility, relevance and practicability was conducted using questionnaires for 6 external experts in leading positions of public health, and yielded acceptable results.ResultsThe tool developed consists of three quantitative dimensions, that is (1) the aim of a publication, (2) the efforts of the authors to translate their research results, and, if translation was accomplished, (3) (a) the size of the area where translation was accomplished (regional, national or international), (b) its status (preliminary versus permanent) and (c) the target group of the translation (individuals, subgroup of population, total population).ConclusionsFocus group discussions with scientists suggested that the societal impact factor of a publication should consider the effect of the publication in a wide set of non-scientific areas, but also the motivation behind the publication, and efforts by the authors to translate their findings. The proposed tool provides some valuable insights for further research and practical applications in the topic area.

Evaluation of the sustainability of the Public Health Program "Slim without diet (Schlank ohne Diät)"

The prevalence of obesity and associated illnesses is continuously rising in industrialized countries. As a preventive measure, the Lower Austria Health Insurance Fund, together with the Institute of Social Medicine of the Medical University Vienna has launched the weight reduction program "Slim without Diet (SWD)". The Program's aim is to change the participants' eating and exercise habits. The methodical approach is to enhance the individual's self-control so that participants are able to identify, break, and modify false behavior patterns. During this project, the data from 4,053 individuals were descriptively evaluated by using the statistical program SPSS (Version 15). The scientifically recommended target group regarding Body Mass Index and age was reached and the weight reduction success rate is comparable to similar programs. Follow-up checks of the project carried out 6 and 12 months after the end of the intervention phase showed that participants were able to maintain an average weight loss of 4.26 kg compared to their weight at program-start. The participants who follow the therapy recommendations achieved significantly higher weight loss and weight reduction also correlates with the number of attended group sessions (p < 0.001). The attendance frequency at the follow-up checks, however, shows a decreasing tendency of up to 75 percent. The results show that there is need to develop new methods to increase motivation and compliance of the participants to achieve long-term success. A first trial in this direction was to implement an additional module - participants had the chance of ongoing contacts after the group sessions have finished. The results until now show that a possible participation in the follow-ups is not significantly affected by ongoing contacts.

Patient‐controlled oral analgesia following cesarean section: tramadol versus a combination of tramadol and acetaminophen

Sir, Experimental and clinical data suggest that analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic properties of tramadol can be improved by combination with acetaminophen (1,2). Tramadol alone is an effective analgesic after cesarean section (3), but we planned to investigate whether a commercially available oral combination of 37.5mg tramadol and 325mg acetaminophen (T + A; Zaldiar©; Gruenenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany) was superior in pain control and anti-hyperalgesia to an equivalent dosage (2) of 50mg of tramadol alone (T; Tramal©; Grünenthal GmbH). We planned to include in a randomized, double-blind trial (clinical.gov identifier NCT00873743) 120 healthy parturients undergoing elective cesarean section without a history of pain syndrome or substance abuse. Following standardized spinal anesthesia containing hyberbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl, women were offered oral analgesia on demand of either A + T or T. We informed our patients about the delay of analgesia after oral administration and instructed them to take two tablets of their assigned medication at the onset of pain, with subsequently one tablet every three hours (maximum daily dose 10 tablets). At four, eight, 24 and 48hours postoperatively, pain at rest, coughing (= primary outcome), leg raising and uterine cramping pains were evaluated using a visual analog pain-rating scale (VAS). Secondary hyperalgesia was measured by pinprick with a 256mN von Frey hair. Overall patient satisfaction was rated at discharge. The CYP-2-D-6 genotypes of women were analysed (Genosense Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria) and poor metabolizers excluded. After enrolling 10 patients, five patients suffered from unexpectedly high pain levels, with VAS > 9, requiring intravenous rescue analgesia and dropping out of the study. As a consequence, the principal investigator interrupted the study and, as a first randomization block was included, an interim data analysis was performed. Unblinding revealed that all patients dropping out were in the T + A group. Furthermore, all pain states at eight hours postoperatively were significantly higher compared with T (Table 1). This was reported to the institutional ethics committee (Medical University Vienna, Ethikkommission Wien, ID-Nr.: 31121976-3) and the Austrian authorities (AGES; ‘Oesterreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernaehrungssicherheit’), and the trial was stopped. Tablet intake in both groups was equal. Total mean drug dosage differed significantly between the groups (262.5mg tramadol + 2275mg acetaminophen vs. 390mg tramadol; p < 0.01). No difference in adverse effects or secondary hyperalgesia could be assessed, and no patient had poor CYP-2-D-6 metabolizer status. This is the first report evaluating pain control 48hours after cesarean section to compare tramadol with a commercially available combination with acetaminophen. Despite promising experimental and clinical data (1,2,4,5) in other settings, we had to abort our investigation for ethical reasons. We conclude that 37.5mg tramadol combined with 325mg acetaminophen is inferior to 50mg of tramadol in this setting and does not control pain sufficiently after cesarean section.

245 Wound Healing Events and Effusions with Everolimus Versus MMF Based Regimens in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients

Wound Healing Events and Effusions with Everolimus Versus MMF Based Regimens in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients A. Zuckermann, H. Eisen, J. Kobashigawa, H. Ross, S. Wang, H. Lehmkuhl, M. Rinaldi, G. Torre, N. Yonan, J. Arizon, C. Pellegrini, P. Lopez, G. Dong, C. Panis, S. Hirt. Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia; Heart Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Cardiology/Heart Transplant, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany; S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Methodist Hospital/DeBakey Heart Failure Research Center, Houston; Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; Az. Osp.di Bologna Policl.S.OrsolaMalpighi Univ.degli Studi, Bologna, Italy; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover; Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Successful bridging treatment and healing of enteric fistulae by vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy and targeted drainage in patients with open abdomen

The object of this study was to investigate the bridging treatment of enteric fistulae by vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in patients with open abdomen. We retrospectively analyzed patients who have been treated between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2008 at the intensive care unit of the Department of General Surgery, Medical University Vienna. Control of the fistula was established by VAC therapy to bridge the patients to the time of the fistula resection. In the period of investigation, we treated nine (six men/three women) patients suffering from enteric fistulae with VAC therapy. The median age of the patients was 48 (range, 37-67) years. The median duration of VAC therapy was 76 (range, 53-128) days. The median length of stay in the intensive care unit was 44 (range, 25-127) days. The median APACHE II score was 23 (range, 18-25). The predicted mortality was 40%; the actual mortality was 11% (one patient). Primary fascial closure was achieved after median 91 (range, 89-92) days in three patients (33%) and secondary fascial closure after median 292 (range, 252-546) days in another three patients (33%). Fistulae were cured with VAC (five patients, 56%) and surgical resection (three patients, 33%). None of the patients developed a refistulation at the time of follow-up. Control of enteric fistulae by VAC therapy can lead to spontaneous fistula closure and is associated with a low mortality.

Direction of selective attention modulates direct current (DC) brain potentials

Event Abstract Back to Event Direction of selective attention modulates direct current (DC) brain potentials Michael Trimmel1*, Julia Hintermayr1 and Karin Trimmel1 1 Medical University Vienna, Austria Facilitation of relevant information and inhibition of non-relevant stimuli are basic mechanisms of selective attention. They were investigated by the manipulation of the direction of attention by means of externally (intake of information) versus internally (rejection of environmental stimuli) directed attention. This study investigated effects of intake and of rejection tasks on brain direct current (DC) potential shifts, which are discussed as a sign of cortical activation/inhibition. It was hypothesized that rejection tasks are associated with more positive DC potential changes compared to intake tasks as an expression of cortical inhibition. Attention tasks consisted of a figural and a verbal task to take into account modality effects. Based on a 2 (Direction of Attention; intake vs. rejection)  2 (Modality; figural vs. verbal)  9 (Recording Location)  3 (Time on Task; 30-s blocks) repeated measures ANOVA design, DC potential shifts were analyzed at frontal (F3, Fz, F4), central (C3, Cz, C4), and parietal (P3, Pz, P4) locations. Forty-eight test persons performed 4 attention tasks: Intake figural (viewing and memorizing pictures), Intake verbal (Listening to and memorizing a text), Reject figural (completing figures in mind), and Reject verbal (creating words), all of a duration of 90 sec with a balanced order across test persons. Additionally, vertical EOG and skin potential were recorded to control for confounding factors. Rejection tasks were associated with more positive DC potential changes compared to intake tasks, this effect was independent of modality and recording location. Positive DC potential shifts during the rejection tasks, which are discussed as a sign of cortical inhibition, are suggested to be related to filtering out non task-relevant information. Keywords: Cognition, DC brain potentials Conference: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI), Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 25 Sep - 29 Sep, 2011. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Sessions: Neurophysiology of Cognition and Attention Citation: Trimmel M, Hintermayr J and Trimmel K (2011). Direction of selective attention modulates direct current (DC) brain potentials. Conference Abstract: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2011.207.00436 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 24 Nov 2011; Published Online: 28 Nov 2011. * Correspondence: Dr. Michael Trimmel, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria, michael.trimmel@univie.ac.at Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Michael Trimmel Julia Hintermayr Karin Trimmel Google Michael Trimmel Julia Hintermayr Karin Trimmel Google Scholar Michael Trimmel Julia Hintermayr Karin Trimmel PubMed Michael Trimmel Julia Hintermayr Karin Trimmel Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy with Type 1 Diabetes

Researchers at Medical University Vienna, Austria, report the efficacy and safety of the ketogenic diet (KD) in treatment of epilepsy in a 3-year 6 month-old girl with diabetes type 1 followed for 15 months.