Iranian Medical Students Research Articles

Job satisfaction, Career Burnout, and Work-Related Well-Being Prevalence among Orthopedic Surgeons: A Nationwide Study.

Burnout is a well-known consequence of chronic stress. Orthopedic surgery is among the most desired specialty among Iranian medical students. The nature of the job, the income, and the ability to deal with stress can all be stressful factors for orthopedic surgeons. Nonetheless, little is known about how these medical doctors work and live in Iran. The present study aimed to assess job satisfaction, engagement, and burnout among Iranian orthopedists. A nationwide online survey was conducted in Iran. Job satisfaction, engagement, and burnout were evaluated using the job description index (JDI), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Maslach Burnout Scale. They were also asked some additional questions related to career choice. A total of 456 questionnaires (41% response rate) were retrieved. Overall, 56.8% of the participants experienced burnout. The burnout levels significantly differed based on age, years from graduation, working in public hospitals, operating more than 10 patients in a week, monthly income, having less than two children, and being single (P<0.05). They scored higher on work questions on the present job and jobs in general but lower scores on pay and opportunities for promotion. In a national study of orthopedic surgeons, their primary concern in JDI was "pay and promotion." Burnout was substantially associated with respondents' characteristics, such as younger age and having fewer children. This will lead to impaired performance, increased patient complaints, and the tendency to immigrate.

Changes in lifestyle behaviour and dietary patterns among Iranian medical students during COVID-19 lockdown.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of human life, including physical and mental health. The public health measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission led to social isolation, physical inactivity, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, obesity, and consumption of unhealthy food. To evaluate changes in lifestyle behaviour during the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Iranian medical students. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In September 2021, an online questionnaire containing 32 questions was administered to 1143 medical students in Teheran universities. Some 286 completed copies of the questionnaire were excluded because of incomplete answers. Descriptive statistics of central tendency measures and dispersion were used and independent t-test and a Chi-square test between two variables were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. A total of 462 (53.9%) students had COVID-19 during the fifth wave of the disease, 657 (76.7%) were deprived of social and sports activities, and 278 (32.4%) had difficulty completing their academic studies. Students who took vitamin supplements experienced lower levels of stress and 711 (83.0%) reported bodyweight change. There were significant relationships between bodyweight change, stress level and hospitalization due to COVID-19. There was a significant relationship between smoking, bodyweight change and hospitalization rate. A total of 426 (50.3%) students did not have a regular sleep-wake pattern, 701 (81.8%) spent more time using social media, 197 (23.0%) consumed more fast food, and 674 (78.6%) experienced stress or anxiety. There was an increased tendency towards unhealthy lifestyle among medical students in Tehran during COVID-19 lockdown. These findings can be useful in assessing lifestyle behaviours among students and in planning for improvements.

The Impact of Coronavirus-2019 On General Health Anxiety Among Students of Iranian Medical Sciences

Background: During the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Iranian medical sciences students were at higher risk of contracting this virus because they were in infected environments. So, they are predisposed to high levels of anxiety that could worsen their lives. The determent of factors and levels of anxiety could be helpful to reduce anxiety and control its worse effects. Hence, this study aimed to measure the anxiety index and its factors among medical sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was sent to students from 27 medical sciences universities in Iran from 20th December 2020 to 10th March 2021. The online survey consists of the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) for measured general health anxiety as well as the baseline characteristics of students. Results: 723 students responded, including 483 (66.8%) females and mean HAI score was 16.76 ± 8.35. Based on our findings, gender, past medical, and drug history were significantly related to the high level of anxiety. However, there was no coloration between HAI scores with age, the field of study, study duration, university location, and attendance in the hospital and/or COVID-19 ward (P˃0.05). Conclusions: Students with notable past medical history and/or drug history and female students more than others were predisposed to anxiety in a pandemic such as COVID-19. Hence, in a pandemic situation, psychological care should concern them.

Suicidal Ideation and Its Associated Factors in Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study during COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study is aimed at comparing the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Iranian medical, dental, and pharmacy students and determining the demographic and basic characteristics and mental and psychological issues associated with suicidal ideation in these students. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the 2020-2021 academic year on medical, dental, and pharmacy students studying at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). The questionnaire consisted of six sections: Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), UCLA loneliness scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), and a questionnaire that was designed to evaluate students' family history, current psychological status, and basic and demographic characteristics. In total, 419 students participated in our study, with 133 (31.7%) being medical students, 85 (20.3%) being pharmacy students, and 201 (48%) being dental students. In our study, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 32%. Family history of psychological issues (OR = 2.186, P =0.012), current or past smoking (OR = 2.155, P = 0.01), parents not living together (OR = 2.512, P = 0.046), and satisfaction with the current field (OR = 0.51, P < 0.001) were all independently associated with the presence of suicidal ideation. Also, higher scores in BHS (OR = 1.167, P < 0.001), PSS (OR = 1.081, P = 0.001), and UCLA loneliness scale (OR = 1.057, P < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among Iranian medical, dental, and pharmacy students is relatively high and has increased during recent years, which needs emergent action.

Prevalence of cigarette smoking among Iranian medical students and its relationship with mental health

ABSTRACT As today’s medical sciences students have a crucial role in offering consultation on smoking and its effects, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking among Irainian medical sciences students and its relationship with mental health. In this cross-sectional study, 542 Irainian medical sciences students were randomly selected from the students’ name lists. After a phone call to explain the purposes of the study, the questionnaires included a cigarette smoking checklist, a socio-demographic information questionnaire, and a general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) were sent to the students through WhatsApp messaging application. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among Irainian medical students was %6.6. The mean (SD) score of depression among smoker students was significantly higher than among non-smokers (p = 0.007). The differences between mean scores of other sub-domains of mental health and total mental health were not significant. According to multivariate logistic regression, the chance of cigarette smoking was about 24 times more in students with anxiety than in those without anxiety [OR: 3.09; 95%CI: 1.07 to 8.89]. Furthermore, the chance of cigarette smoking was about 9 times [OR: 8.69; 95%CI: 3.15 to 24.00] more in boys compared to girls. It appears that considering psychological disorders besides other interventions could be an effective strategy for the prevention of smoking.

Iranian future healthcare professionals' knowledge and opinions about rare diseases: cross-sectional study

BackgroundRare diseases are a new global health priority, requiring evidence-based estimates of the global prevalence of diseases to inform public policymakers and provide a serious challenge to the healthcare system that must not be ignored. The purpose of this study is to investigate Iranian future healthcare professionals' knowledge and opinions about rare diseases.ResultsA total of 6838 students responded to the questionnaire. Nursing and medical students had the highest participation. Almost 85% of participants rated their knowledge about rare diseases as poor or insufficient. While nearly 70 percent of participants took courses about rare diseases at university. Finally, 72.7% of future healthcare professionals did not feel ready to take care of a patient with a rare disease.ConclusionThe present study has indicated a gap in Iranian medical students’ knowledge of rare diseases. The researchers believe that health science policymakers should make a joint effort to improve knowledge about rare diseases. Including courses with regard to rare diseases would be of benefit to future healthcare professionals.

The association between body image, emotional health, relationships, and unhealthy dietary behaviors among medical sciences students: A structural equation modeling analysis.

Although it showed that poor body image may drive an individual to unhealthy dietary behaviors, but less is known about the role of emotional health and interpersonal relationships in this regard in different age group of population. This study aimed to investigate the association between body image, emotional health, relationships, and unhealthy dietary behaviors among medical sciences students. In this cross-sectional study, using a three-stage stratified sampling method, 248 Iranian medical sciences students were recruited. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires, including Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire, Adolescent Health Concerns Inventory, and Body Image Concern Inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS-20 and structural equation modeling in the Amos software version 24. The results indicate the acceptability of the goodness of fit model index. Direct association of body image with emotional health (β= 0.91, p= 0.005) and relationships (β= 0.88, p= 0.009) was significant, but any direct and indirect association between body and unhealthy dietary behaviors was not found. This study underlines the importance of being aware of the association between body image, emotional health, and relationships Further studies are recommended to explore the relationship between these factors and unhealthy dietary behaviors in medical sciences students.

Using social prescribing by Iranian medical students: a step towards community-orientation and social determinants of health by revising the health internship curriculum

BackgroundIn order to meet patients' social needs, including social prescribing in the curriculum of medical students is a necessity.AimBecoming familiarized with the SDH perspective and referral method to link workers (LWs) and the principles of social prescribing (SP).MethodsUsing Levin's model, the intervention was performed in the field of health of medical students in 2018–2020 for 38 interns in Dezful University of Medical Sciences. Following holding meetings (Plan), a social case was selected and the social version (Act) was developed. Then the other students observed the prescription and identified the strengths and weaknesses (Reflect). Finally, the results were evaluated by Kirk Patrick model.ResultsAt the reaction level, 63.14% agreed with the applicability of SP and 68.42% with its usefulness for prospective work; 97.36% believed that familiarity with the community context was essential and 78.93% considered SDH study and SP’s necessary. At the learning level, over 90% of the total score was obtained. The results of behavior level included interest, compassion and following up people's problems, the level of results, empowerment and improving unhealthy living conditions of individuals.ConclusionPromising positive results indicate that SP can be one of the ways of supporting primary health care.

Anxiety, Academic Resilience, and Burnout Among Medical Students in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had unpleasant consequences for health care providers, including medical stagers and intern students; due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to evaluate anxiety, resilience and burnout.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on stager and intern medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran. Data were collected using a list containing Student Demographic Information, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBISS), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI) and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.19 at the level of significance 0.05.&#x0D; Results: High levels of burnout and anxiety were calculated to be 21.1 and 7%, respectively. Burnout score was higher in people with grade point average less than 17 (p=0.014); burnout score was also higher in males (p=0.009). Other results showed that COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher in females (p=0.029). The results of multivariate linear regression indicated that the variables including academic resilience (β=0.330) and COVID-19 anxiety (β=0.218) significantly explain 20% of the variance of burnout in students. Also, with the introduction of demographic variables, it was increased to 31% in which the share of gender variable (β=0.283) was significant in this model.&#x0D; Conclusion: Academic resilience, anxiety and gender had an effective role on the rate of student burnout. Accordingly, it is suggested that health care providers and psychologists pay attention to student empowerment by providing appropriate therapeutic interventions during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.

Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian University Students toward Genital Warts.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the well-known causes of cervical cancer and one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Since cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in women, this study was performed to investigate Iranian medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards genital warts. This cross-sectional study assessed the perception and attitudes of 385 students at Babol University of Medical Sciences using a preconceived questionnaire. The participants' mean age was 23.70 ± 3.27 years, with a range of 20-50 years. Evaluation of these students' level of general information about HPV showed that 7 (1.8%) students had inadequate general information, 34 (8.8%) had moderate knowledge, and 344 (89.4%) had good general knowledge in this regard. There was also a significant association between students' general knowledge of HPV and their field of study. Based on our results, the knowledge of the majority of Babol University of Medical Sciences students about genital warts was in a good range, and their knowledge about HPV routes of transmission was of moderate level. Moreover, the majority had an appropriate attitude to interact with people infected with HPV.

Ethnocentrism and Investment in Learning English in Multicultural English Classrooms: A Study of Iranian Medical Students

Ethnocentrism and Investment in Learning English in Multicultural English Classrooms: A Study of Iranian Medical Students

Health literacy and fear among Iranian medical students due to COVID-19: An observational study.

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease of the 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created a sense of fear due to uncertainties in medical students’ personal and professional lives. Medical education is challenging and poses a more significant academic and emotional rigor when compared with other professional programs. With the COVID‐19 having limited treatment options, health literacy (HL) is crucial for managing and responding to the pandemic. This research aims to examine the impact of HL on COVID‐19‐associated fear among Iranian medical students.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted measuring the HL and fear of COVID‐19 using validated scales. Two hundred and seventy‐eight survey responses were received and analyzed descriptively by using SPSS software inferential statistics.ResultsMean age of participants was 22.93 ± 5.427 years. The correlation between students’ total health literacy (HELIA) scores and their fear of COVID‐19 (FCV‐19S) scores was −0.279 (p value = .019). The FCV‐19S has a negative correlation with total HELIA in the group of females and males, single and married people, bachelor and MD students, and students living in rural areas and urban areas. The negative correlation of FCV‐19S with total HELIA in males and students who reside in rural areas was the only one that was not significant. In associate degree students, the correlation between FCV‐19S and total HELIA was positive but not significant. Education grades had a significant impact on FCV‐19S. Furthermore, the place of residence also had a significant impact on FCV‐19S. However, the gender and marital status did not significantly impact FCV‐19S.ConclusionsThe present study showed that students with higher HL scores had lesser fear of COVID‐19. The key stakeholders require several positive strategies to reduce fear and improve health, and such vital policies will assist in improving the students’ health and achieving the sustainable developmental goals.

Factors influencing the choice of radiology as a medical specialty in Ireland

PurposeTo gain further insight into Irish medical students’ and interns’ specialty preferences and explore the various factors that influence choice of specialty with a focus on radiology. MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted of medical students and interns enrolled at a single Irish institution. Survey topics included specialty preferences, associated influential factors, exposure to radiology to date, and respondents’ interest in and understanding of radiology. ResultsCardiology, emergency medicine, and paediatrics had the highest overall interest levels, with 27.0% (n = 133/492) of all participants declaring an interest in radiology. The most frequently selected reason for considering radiology as a specialty was the varied nature of the field. Men reported considering a career in radiology more often than women (x2 (1, n = 433) = 9.464, p = 0.002) and non-European respondents considered radiology less often than their Irish and European peers (x2 (1, n = 436) = 7.510, p = 0.006). While there was no significant association between exposure to radiology and interest in the specialty, participants with previous exposure to radiology were found to be more knowledgeable about the roles and responsibilities of a radiologist. ConclusionThe outcomes of this study support previous research which concludes that medical students’ choice of specialty is multifactorial. A strategic approach needs to be taken towards undergraduate radiology education which accounts for class composition, emphasises the diversity and impact of the field, and provides clinical exposure to the subject matter, as a tailored means of steering more students and interns towards the underserved discipline.

Relationship Between Anxiety and Self-care Behaviors in Iranian Medical Students During COVID-19 Epidemic

Background: The prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant psychological and health disorders in individuals, such as some health care behaviors disturbance and anxiety disorder. Objectives: This study aimed to assess Iranian medical students’ anxiety level and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The anonymous online questionnaire was applied to collect data, including three general sections on the socio-demographical characteristics, COVID-19 self-care behaviors, and coronavirus anxiety scale. Totally, 620 students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with access to the Internet were surveyed from May 23 to July 7, 2020. Results: The mean scores of self-care behaviors and anxiety levels were 56.71 ± 7.63 and 16.84 ± 3.75, respectively. The self-care behaviors were higher among female, married, and PhD candidates and infected students living in rural areas than other students (P &lt; 0.05). The level of anxiety was significantly higher among male, single, and infected students living in metropolitan areas (P &lt; 0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between self-care behaviors and anxiety levels (r = -0.922, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The finding showed suitable self-care behaviors and high anxiety levels in students. The universities should prepare a package of multi-dimensional interventions, such as designing comprehensive software to reduce anxiety and increase preventive behaviors, such as self-care behaviors in students.

Does the Farsi version of attitude toward plagiarism questionnaire have acceptable psychometric properties?

This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Attitudes Toward Plagiarism Questionnaire (ATPQ) among Iranian medical sciences postgraduate students and faculty members.In this study, the ATPQ developed by Mavrinac et al. in 2010 was translated into Persian. After assessment of face and content validity, we distributed the ATPQ draft among 286 Iranian medical science postgraduate students and faculty members. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the ATPQ. All the items of our English version of the ATPQ were approved by the developer of the original ATPQ, and two were revised in the cognitive interview. Construct validity assessment showed that three items were not seriously involved in the extracted factors. The Persian version of the ATPQ had 26 items, five factors and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81%, and the combined value explained 38.24% of the total variance of this scale.Two new factors of “perceived control” and “attitude toward self-plagiarism” were extracted and incorporated into the Persian version.To conclude, the ATPQ is a valid, reliable, and convenient instrument to determine attitudes toward plagiarism among Iranian medical science postgraduate students and faculty members.

Cost analysis of educational courses of medical students in Iran

Estimating the cost of graduate courses can play an important role in deciding on the allocation of required resources. This study aimed to determine the cost of educational activities of graduate students in hospitals of medical universities in Iran. This study was performed in eight independent educational medical centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. After identifying the cost topics, the required information was collected through a semi-structured interview with the officials and students. Then, the amount of use of the graduate students from the cost headings was determined. The results identified that Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) students of microbiology with more than 950 United States dollar (USD) and PhD students of medical education with about 7 USD have created the highest and lowest costs, respectively. This study, for the first time, examined the educational costs of Iranian postgraduate students in the hospital. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the amount of the costs of different fields of graduate education in medical sciences is very different and it should be considered in the allocation of the resources.

275 Undergraduate Career Aspirations in Northern Ireland - a National Qualitative Study

Abstract Introduction Undergraduate career aspirations are accurately translated to chosen career paths. Understanding what influences these decisions has implications for future workforce planning. The aim of this study was to identify future career intentions in Northern Irish Medical Students. Method An anonymous voluntary survey consisting of binominal, Likert and free text responses was distributed to all medical students registered at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB). Data was collected over 6 weeks in April-May 2021. The primary outcome was future career aspiration and secondary outcome was the reported attrition rate from medicine. Local Ethical approval was obtained. Results 202 responses were received (Response rate 15%). Two thirds (n = 135) were female. One third of respondents remained undecided about their future career choice, with senior students demonstrating greatest certainty in future career choice. Respondents were least likely to choose a career in Surgery (33%). Factors influencing these decisions were a lack of academic interest in the speciality, perceived workload, and the length of the training scheme. 10% of respondents were unsure or unlikely to pursue a career in Medicine after they graduated. Thematic analysis demonstrated, fear of making mistakes, poor work life balance and poor working environments as reasons for leaving medicine. Conclusions Uncertainty over future career intention remains common with surgery the least popular speciality. The rate of potential attrition is concerning which warrants further investigation.

Medical Students' Point of View About Virtual Classes, Technological Infrastructures, and Length of Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Most in-person classes are being held via virtual platforms, and bedside education has faced serious challenges during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study evaluated the Iranian medical students’ point of view regarding the virtual classes and length of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling about 6 months after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We formulated 4 questions regarding their satisfaction with infrastructures and contents of virtual classes, length of education, and their perspectives on how clinical and practical education should continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. We designed an online questionnaire and sent it to medical students all over the nation using virtual platforms and groups in social media. The attained data have been coded and analyzed with SPSS version 22 using descriptive and analytic tests. Results: A total of 1999 medical students participated in the study, and most students were from type 1 universities (50.4%) and were in the clerkship stage (33.3%) of education. Medical interns (mean = 3.34 [SD = 1.29]) were most satisfied with the infrastructures of virtual classes compared with students in basic sciences (mean = 2.93 [SD = 1.18]), physiopathology (mean = 2.62 [SD = 1.26]), and clerkship (mean = 2.56 [SD = 1.31]) stages (P < 0.001). Also, students in type 1 and the nongovernmental (NG) type universities were significantly more satisfied with the content, with mean scores of 2.94 and 3.14, respectively, and infrastructures, with mean scores of 2.77 and 2.98, respectively, of virtual classes than students in type 2, with mean scores of 2.59 and 2.42, respectively, and 3 universities, with mean scores of 2.54 and 2.34, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Infrastructure is a crucial component in virtual learning, and it can also affect satisfaction with the provided virtual content. Also, providing better clinical content should be performed for medical students before their internship during the current pandemic situation.

Online oral health information seeking experience and knowledge, attitudes and practices of oral health among iranian medical students: an online survey

BackgroundThe internet is increasingly used as a source of health information. This study aimed to explore the online oral health information seeking experience, to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of oral health, and to investigate the associations between online oral health information seeking experience and oral health KAP of participants.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Three hundred and ninety-five university students participated in the study. Required data were gathered using two valid questionnaires eHIQ (e-Health Information Questionnaire) and Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Questionnaire. eHIQ was a 2-part instrument with 37 items. eHIQ-Part 1 includes 11 items related to general views of using the internet in relation to health. eHIQ-Part 2 includes 26 items related to the consequences of using specific health-related online sources. The second questionnaire includes 30 items as a combination of multiple-choice and yes/no type questions. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software SPSS version 20. Mean scores, standard deviation, and frequency distribution were obtained. Independent T-test, correlation coefficients and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the analysis.ResultsParticipants had good KAP of oral health. The between-group differences tests showed that oral health knowledge and attitudes were significantly different between gender and years of study groups, but the differences of oral health practices were significant only based on years of study. Participants had moderate scores regarding all sub-scales of eHIQ-Parts 1 and 2. Findings revealed that online oral health information seeking behavior was associated with oral health KAP (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results the general views of using the internet in relation to health and the consequences of using specific health-related online sources were in a moderate level among the participants. Such results can emphasize the need for more planning, education and empowerment of the population`s health literacy. The present study also provides good insights for the latter and has practical and policy implications besides its research values.

Upper Limb Anthropometric Measurements of Iranian Medical Students for Estimating Sex and Stature

Background: Stature and sex estimation according to surface anatomical landmarks is applicable for personal identification in forensic medicine. Objectives: The present study aimed to prepare a comprehensive reference of four main upper limb anthropometric dimensions in Iranian adults and make a formula for predicting sex and stature according to them. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, four main anthropometric dimensions of the upper limb, including arm length, forearm length, hand length, and hand width of 280 Iranian adults aged 20 - 24 years, were measured according to surface anatomical landmarks. To determine sex differences, we divided the collected measures into two groups: (1) study (120 males and 120 females); and (2) test (20 males and 20 females) groups. Sexual dimorphism indicator and discriminant functions were conducted on the study group and were validated according to the test group. The relativity of stature with measured dimensions was done by a simple linear regression test in the male and female groups. Results: All upper limb measurements were potent to determine gender, but forearm length displayed the highest accuracy of 94.2 - 95% and 95 - 100% for the study and test groups, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that arm length had the highest correlation with stature (22.2% for males and 18.41% for females). Conclusions: We prepared a sex and stature estimation formula based on four upper limb anthropometric dimensions in Iranian adults that can be used in the forensic and clinical fields.