Medical Standards Research Articles

Global surgery-Challenges in the treatment of children with cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate is the most frequent malformation in humans that requires surgical correction but is not primarily life-threatening. That is why in many economically not very well developed countries, special surgical care, such as for cleft lip and palate, is not guaranteed at all or is not sufficiently guaranteed, so that numerous aid organizations have been founded for over 50years to provide help by organizing surgical aid missions. Even if this help seems primarily ethically harmless and very laudable, the lack of rules and instructions unfortunately regularly leads to the fact that legal, ethical and even medical treatment standards are often not observed to the detriment of the affected children. The necessary principles and prerequisites for surgical aid missions are described in an overview article and from these conceptual and strategic recommendations for the actions of the involved service disciplines are derived. Ultimately, the goal must be not only to surgically help the individual fate but also firstly to treat the functional aspects of the malformation holistically and secondly, to also prioritize the goal of achieving sustainability by competently training the local staff in order to be able to perform such surgery alone in the near future to make such aid missions unnecessary. Surgical aid missions in Third World countries are amodel of success as many hundreds of thousands of children and adults with acleft lip and palate have been successfully treated; however, unfortunately the sustainable further development of local structures and skills is often neglected. There is also an urgent need to establish general guidelines for surgical aid missions in Third World countries.

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment on the groin hernia (2024 edition)

In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of groin hernia have become more mature, and personalized treatment plans for different groin hernias have become more standardized. On the basis of the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment on the adult groin hernia (2018 edition), more than 70 experts and scholars in China have discussed the consultation and modified the content of diagnosis and treatment of groin hernia in children and adolescents, diagnosis and treatment of scrotal hernia, management of hernia related complications, and postoperative education and follow-up in this new edition, combined with evidence-based medical evaluation standards. The relevant medical institutions and peers in China are requested to carry out the actual clinical reference.

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of abdominal wall incision hernia (2024 edition)

Incisional hernia is a type of iatrogenic disease, and its clinical treatment is complicated. In recent years, there have been new advances in the diagnosis, surgical methods, and materials science of incisional hernias. On the basis of the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of abdominal wall incisional hernia (2018 edition), more than 70 experts and scholars over the country have discussed the consultation and modified the issues such as complex abdominal wall conditions, loss of domain, principles of incisional hernia treatment, techniques of abdominal wall hernia defects closure, perioperative management, and follow-up in this new edition, combined with evidence-based medical evaluation standards. The relevant medical institutions and peers in China are requested to carry out the actual clinical reference.

Medical Audit of Hemophilia Services for National Health Insurance Participants in Bogor: A Case Report

BPJS Kesehatan is a legal entity established to implement social security programs, provide health service benefits through regulations, and manage (purchasing and investing) carefully, prudently, transparently, efficiently, and effectively. One of the health service benefits provided by BPJS Kesehatan is for hemophilia. Hemophilia is a hereditary blood clotting disorder that is currently the most prevalent globally and is based on X-linked recessive genetic inheritance. Since the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 Year 2023, claims for hemophilia services, including the top-up of anti-hemophilia factor drugs in 2023, have increased. The method used to write this article is quantitative descriptive with a case report approach in the form of a report from BPJS Kesehatan, which conducted an administrative claim audit on the potential fraud committed in an attempt to inflate costs, which is then followed by a medical audit. The result of the medical audit indicated that there were inaccuracies in the financing of hemophilia services based on medical service standards that were not yet met, leading to sanctions that the hospital must undergo, namely the recovery of financing losses.

Risk assessment for the population consuming soybeans grown with the use of pesticides in the chemical plant protection system

the use of pesticides in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine is an essential condition for obtaining high yields and is the most common means of protecting agricultural crops. The issue of the impact of pesticide combinations when they are used in chemical plant protection systems remains relevant. The work aimed to assess the risk to the population consuming soybeans grown with the application of pesticides in the chemical plant protection system, predict the danger of their impact, and reduce the pesticide load on the population. We use methods of in-field hygienic observation, mathematical modelling, chromatography, calculation, and statistical analysis in the work. The obtained results of mathematical modelling showed that in the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, sedaxan, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, promethrin, and diquat are degraded with half-lives (τ50) <5 days and pertain to low-stable compounds, lambda-cyhalothrin was degraded in soya plants with τ50 in the range of 15-30 days, which indicates the persistency of the compound; abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and pydiflumetofen were degraded in soya plants with τ50 in the range of 5-14 days, which indicates moderate persistency according to State Sanitary Norms and Rules 8.8.1.002-98. Findings showed that the majority of the studied active substances, according to the integral indicator of hazard when consuming foodstuffs (IIHCF), pertain to class 4 (low risk), except for abamectin, lambda-cyhalothrin and difenoconazole, which pertain to moderately hazardous compounds (class 3). The calculated total cumulative risk of exposure to residual quantities of active substances when using the Vibrance mixed pesticide is 1.13% of fludioxonil ADI, Ampligo – 0.38% of lambda-cyhalothrin ADI, Amistar Gold – 1.32% of difenoconazole ADI and Miravis Duo – 1.09% of difenoconazole ADI. Calculating the combined effect of all components in the chemical protection system of soya plants showed that the total hazard of exposure to active substance residual quantities (sedaxan, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, promethrin, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pydiflumetofen, and diquat) when using Vibrance, Gezagard, Vertimek, Ampligo, Amistar Gold, Miravis Duo, and Reglon Forte pesticides is 15.1% of abamectin ADI. Findings showed that the combined effect of pesticides (as components of the soya chemical protection system) on humans is within acceptable limits. The medical and sanitary standards for safe application (preharvest intervals for soybeans) are substantiated: for the Vibrance and Gezagard preparations – not required, Reglon Forte – 6 days, Amistar Gold, Ampligo, Miravis Duo, and Vertimek – 30 days.

Non-lege artis, liability in medicine from the perspective of criminal and civil law

The authors in this paper address the specificity of criminal and civil liability for healthcare professionals and healthcare institutions, particularly concerning errors that may occur during healthcare provision. In practice, situations may arise where a healthcare professional fails to diagnose a patient promptly or correctly, or a bribe is accepted for a medical procedure. However, it is necessary to reflect on the issue of legal liability and the criminalisation of the healthcare profession, as well as whether every error in diagnosis constitutes an act of non-lege artis. The study also examines the nuances of legal liability in cases where healthcare professionals operate within ambiguous circumstances, emphasising the importance of expert evidence to evaluate adherence to medical standards. Furthermore, it explores the criminalisation of healthcare errors, questioning whether current legislative frameworks adequately differentiate between professional negligence and intentional misconduct. By analysing civil and criminal liability, the paper provides a comprehensive perspective on how healthcare professionals can navigate their responsibilities while minimising legal risks.

PENYULUHAN BAHAYA PENGGUNAANA NARKOBA PADA MASYARAKAT DI KAMPUNG TUA TELUK LEGUNG RT.01/RT.02 KECAMATAN NONGSA KOTA BATAM

Narcotics are essential for medical treatment and healthcare services. However, if they are misused or used inappropriately according to medical standards, especially if accompanied by illegal drug trafficking, it can result in extremely detrimental effects on individuals or society, particularly the younger generation. Various efforts have been made by the Government to prevent drug abuse in Indonesia. Based on this, the Author is interested in conducting Community Service to provide education in the form of assistance and counseling on the dangers of drug use to the community in Kampung Tua Teluk Legung, Keluruhan Kabil, Nongsa District, Batam City, Riau Islands Province.

Diagnostic ecologies: Medical standards, tinkering, and worker health in Turkey

AbstractIn Turkey's occupational health system, doctors must use the International Labor Organization's (ILO) standards to classify the chest radiographs of workers at risk of lung diseases caused by dust exposure. Yet these standards do not provide a uniformity of care within the tripartite structure of the occupational health system, which divides disease surveillance, disease diagnosis, and worker compensation into distinct silos. This division often produces ambiguity and unpredictable outcomes for occupational disease claims. The traffic of diagnostic decisions among workplaces and medico‐legal institutions—what I refer to as diagnostic ecologies—shapes medical knowledge. The tripartite organization of the occupational health system in Turkey makes the evaluation of chest radiographs a space where professional expertise and professional ethics are constantly negotiated. A focus on diagnostic ecologies illustrates how disease ontology is distributed across the occupational health system's components.

Юридические противоречия применения медицинских стандартов при осуществлении медицинской деятельности

The article presents a review of regulatory legal acts and judicial practice on the application of clinical recommendations. Medical-organizational problems and legal contradictions are indicated, which can be used by medical organizations as grounds for challenging in court some provisions of their application in the implementation of their professional activities. The relevance of the study. Providing procedures and standards of medical care are the basis for the establishment of insurance support in the compulsory medical insurance system and at the same time guarantee the equal amount of medical care provided throughout the Russian Federation. Based on the procedures, standards, and from January 1, 2019, the clinical recommendations, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care are formed. In addition, since January 2025, medical organizations should proceed to the provision of medical care based on clinical recommendations. In this regard, the legal description of the ratio of the procedure for the provision of medical care, standards of medical care and clinical recommendations becomes especially relevant for both the purpose of the control and supervision functions in the field of medical services, and for specific individuals and legal entities carrying out medical activities. Relevance is also due to the fact that health protection for a single person occurs at the level of receipt of goods, works and medical services. And the safety and quality of medical services necessary to restore and maintain the patient’s health depend on corresponanse of pay services and quality of medical services. Materials and methods. Within the framework of this study, an analysis of regulatory legal acts and literary sources on the implementation of medical activities in terms of applying the procedures for the provision of medical care, standards of medical care and clinical recommendations posted in the scientific electronic library was carried out. The specified analysis was performed using the reference legal system Consultant Plus. At the same time, along with general scientific logical methods of cognition, they used formally - legal and comparative and legal research methods. The goals and objectives of the study. Conduct an analysis of the content and legal status of medical standards, determine their ratio in issues of regulating medical activities, identify existing problems in the studied sphere and, based on the data obtained, formulate proposals to harmonize the legal regulation of the standardization of the therapeutic and diagnostic process. Results and discussions. Medical activity in its main manifestations is multifaceted. Its legal regulation is also difficult, including in relation to the process of providing medical care. The normative determination of medical care is enshrined in law as a set of measures aimed at maintaining and (or) restoration of health and including the provision of medical services [Article 2 of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 323-ФЗ]. According to federal law, the organization and provision of medical care should be carried out in accordance with the procedure for the provision of medical care, on the basis of clinical recommendations and taking into account the standards of medical care [part 3 of article 2, part 1 of article 37 of the Law of the Russian Federation No. 323-ФЗ] .

Hospital Design Standards and the AMA.

The establishment of the American Medical Association in 1847 launched medical practice standardization in the United States. Consensus on standards was hard won, however, and implementation was not immediate. Hospital design standards, specifically, were debated for decades and were ultimately ceded to nurses and architects. This article describes key moments along that trajectory.

A systemic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination drives in LICs, LMICs, UMICs, and HICs: Preparedness for future pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems. Vaccination is an effective strategy to battle the disease. Policies and distribution frameworks have varied widely across countries. The paper aims to highlight the global vaccination trends in these nations, based on their economic classification, which will illuminate key takeaways that will allow for better pandemic management policies. A list of the most populated countries across each income slab was drawn up, and information on their vaccination campaigns was collected from national government portals and official health department websites of these countries in a structured manner. Data collected for the attributes was qualitatively described and converted into binary responses for quantitative analysis. ANOVA test, Chi-square test, and regression models were employed. A consistent decreasing trend was noted in the percentage of the population vaccinated as the spectrum from higher-income countries to lower-income countries was traversed for all dose statuses. Fewer types of vaccines were available in the lower-income countries. Though compliance with the CDC vaccination strategies guide was largely noted, a linear regression univariate analysis of vaccination drive parameters carried out for single-dose vaccination yielded statistically significant results for medical provider vaccine standardization (P-value = 0.002), vaccination requirements (P-values <0.001), and provider recommendation. (P-values <0.001) Vaccine hesitancy was not dependent on economic status. Concerted global initiatives like vaccine donation would assist efforts in mitigating disease spread. Prompt busting of baseless anti-vaccine narratives and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to meet national requirements should be given due importance.

Policies on Pulmonary Screening and Management of Respiratory Conditions in Military Pilots.

Military pilots are subjected to unique pulmonary demands, particularly in high performance jets. The hypobaric environment necessitates use of on-board oxygen, breathing masks, and regulators to increase oxygen pressure, affecting ventilation and breathing responses. Safety features like pilot flight equipment and strapping into an ejection seat further impact pilot pulmonary function. Acceptable pulmonary function required for high performance aircraft is not well understood. There is no consensus among North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) partners on how to perform pulmonary screening and which conditions and medications are acceptable. This study was conducted with a questionnaire, gathering retrospective data. In 2019, questionnaires were sent out to national aeromedical representatives from 29 NATO countries and 3 allied nations. Questions were current aeromedical regulations used, pulmonary data collected from each individual pilot, acceptable pulmonary conditions, and acceptable medical treatments. Data were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic; a follow-up questionnaire was sent out after to ask if screening policies had changed. A total of 16 questionnaires were returned from 13 NATO and 3 allied nations. This equates to an overall response rate of 50%. Pulmonary function testing is conducted on pilot applicants in 15/16 countries and 9/16 perform pulmonary function testing at every follow-up aeromedical examination as well. Conventional chest X-rays as a part of the first initial aeromedical examination are being used in 8/16 countries. This study describes the divergent medical standards for pulmonary function in NATO aircrew and confirms that no standards for best practice exist. Frijters E, Lindgaard K, Regn D, Gray G, Naylor J, Bushby A, Guettler N, Leino T. Policies on pulmonary screening and management of respiratory conditions in military pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):908-912.

Maternal Death Due to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension - A Nationwide Survey in Japan.

With advances in treatment, the prognosis for pregnancies complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been improving. However, PAH-related maternal mortality remains high compared with that due to other cardiovascular diseases. The specifics of PAH-related maternal deaths under advanced medical standards are not well understood. We used the maternal death registration system established by the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and reviewed 6 PAH-related maternal deaths from 2010 to 2022. All women were initially diagnosed with PAH during pregnancy or immediately after childbirth. The diagnosis of PAH tended to be delayed because symptoms were not reported to healthcare providers and/or a different disease was diagnosed. Cardiogenic shock occurred antepartum in 1 woman and during delivery or within 7 days after delivery in the other 5 women. Four women were resuscitated and started on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pulmonary vasodilators were initiated in 4 women, with a median duration of 8 days from PAH diagnosis to starting medication. Right heart failure was the most common cause of maternal death, with a median duration of 16 days from PAH diagnosis to maternal death. All PAH-related maternal deaths occurred in women who were diagnosed with PAH after pregnancy. Diagnosing PAH and initiating pulmonary vasodilators takes considerable time, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and early treatment.

Toward explainable deep learning in healthcare through transition matrix and user-friendly features.

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) solutions often face challenges due to the "black box" nature of deep learning (DL) models, which limits their transparency and trustworthiness in critical medical applications. In this study, we propose and evaluate a scalable approach based on a transition matrix to enhance the interpretability of DL models in medical signal and image processing by translating complex model decisions into user-friendly and justifiable features for healthcare professionals. The criteria for choosing interpretable features were clearly defined, incorporating clinical guidelines and expert rules to align model outputs with established medical standards. The proposed approach was tested on two medical datasets: electrocardiography (ECG) for arrhythmia detection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for heart disease classification. The performance of the DL models was compared with expert annotations using Cohen's Kappa coefficient to assess agreement, achieving coefficients of 0.89 for the ECG dataset and 0.80 for the MRI dataset. These results demonstrate strong agreement, underscoring the reliability of the approach in providing accurate, understandable, and justifiable explanations of DL model decisions. The scalability of the approach suggests its potential applicability across various medical domains, enhancing the generalizability and utility of DL models in healthcare while addressing practical challenges and ethical considerations.

Validation of a Service Behavior Measurement According to Emergency Medical Standards of Health Personnel: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Emergency medical services are in pre-hospital health services. This is a critical time, important to the lives of emergency patients. Using a measure to assess the service behavior according to emergency medical standards (SB-EMS) will help medical personnel perform their work according to standards, resulting in emergency patients having more chances of survival and safety. Objective: To validate the measurement tool of SB-EMS for evaluating quality, accuracy, and reliability. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study executed between January and May 2024 designed by collecting data based on 205 health personnel, which consisted of professional nurses, paramedics, and emergency medical technicians working in the Bangkok emergency medical service system through stratified random sampling. The data were collected with a 6-rating scale questionnaire. An initial sampling from 30 participants gave a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.77 to 0.84 and item-total correlations of 0.55 to 0.79. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using LISREL version 8.72. Results: CFA confirmed the construct validity of measures with empirical data. The 16-item of service behavior according to the emergency medical standards scale achieved an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93 and factor loading between 0.59 to 0.87. There was a chi-square value of 166.35 at 85 degrees of freedom. The probability was 0.000, comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.06, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) was 0.04. Conclusion: The developed scales serve as high-quality assessment tools for human resources specialists or academicians in screening or assessing SB-EMS of health personnel.

Enhanced Photothermal Therapy under Low-Power Near-Infrared Irradiation Enabled by a Si-Cyclopentadithiophene-Based Organic Molecule.

Due to the inadequate photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), most photothermal agents (PTAs) have to be used under high-power near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, which significantly exceeds medical safety standards, for achieving effective photothermal therapy (PTT) in antitumor treatment. This significantly hinders practical PTT application. Herein, three acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)-type molecules are synthesized based on cyclopentadithiophene unit to develop effective PTAs. By incorporating the large-size Si atom in the A-D-A molecules, the photosensitizer displays an increased packing distance in the aggregate state, leading to a blue-shifted absorption spectrum that better matches the medial laser wavelength. Also, the Si incorporation strategy elevates the nonradiative decay rate constants (knr) of the A-D-A photosensitizer, and thereby a further enhancement in PCE is achieved for the PTA. Consequently, the SiO-4F-based nanoparticles exhibited 64.23% PCE, with excellent biosafety and photothermal stability. Under NIR irradiation with medical safety (808nm, 0.33Wcm-2), SiO-4F nanoparticles with 100µgmL-1 yield a death rate of over 91% for diverse tumor cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments, SiO-4F-based PTT effectively inhibited and eliminated tumors. These findings suggest that the Si-incorporated CDPT is promising for constructing effective A-D-A photosensitizers, enabling the PTT under NIR irradiation that meets medical safety standards.

Legal Implications Of Ai-Assisted Medical Waste Management In Healthcare Facilities

Medical waste management in healthcare facilities is critical to protecting public health and the environment. Improper handling of medical waste can lead to environmental pollution and pose serious health risks. In Indonesia, Permenkes No. 2 of 2023 provides a regulatory framework for managing medical waste, but its implementation needs to be improved, especially in remote healthcare facilities with limited infrastructure and resources. Technological advances, especially artificial intelligence (AI), offer potential solutions to optimize medical waste management through real-time tracking, sorting, and monitoring. This study aims to evaluate the role of AI in supporting the implementation of Permenkes No. 2 of 2023 in several health facilities and identify barriers to AI adoption. Using a normative legal approach combined with case studies from health facilities in Indonesia, this study highlights the effectiveness of AI implementation in medical waste management. The results show that AI has the potential to improve compliance with medical waste management standards, optimize waste processing, and strengthen supervision through real-time data collection. However, AI adoption faces high costs, a lack of infrastructure, and limited technical expertise, especially in remote areas. The implications of this study emphasize the need for investment in technological infrastructure, health workforce training, and supportive policies to address barriers to AI adoption. This would maximize the potential of this technology in more effective medical waste management for public health and a safer environment.

Advanced photodetector for hybrid PET-MRI systems

Background Currently, a wide variety of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are available, each designed for specific applications in fields such as science, medicine, and industry. Advances in production technology have led to the development of more sensitive and efficient photodiodes, which are critical for applications requiring precision, such as medical imaging. Methods A research group has been working on designing a highly sensitive photodiode to enhance the capabilities of next-generation PET-MRI scanners. This involves integrating micropixel avalanche photodiodes (MAPDs) to improve image resolution. The chosen design features deep-immersion MAPDs with a pixel size of 12 microns and a density of 1000 pixels per square millimeter, allowing for high-detail photon detection. The 4x4 mm2 active area is optimized to balance sensitivity and size for high-resolution medical imaging. To produce these photodiodes, the group has outlined a production plan involving 20-inch silicon wafers grown using multiple techniques to enhance material properties. The Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS), renowned for its expertise in optical microelectronics, was selected as the production center. With MIMOS' state-of-the-art facilities, the project aims to meet stringent medical diagnostics standards. Results The experimental results demonstrated that the MAPD-3NM photodiode achieved an amplification factor 1.8 times greater than the MAPD-3NK under optimal conditions. Its overvoltage range increased by 100%, reaching 4 V, enhancing photon detection and amplification. The MAPD-3NM also showed a significant reduction in dark current, about 3.5 times lower than the MAPD-3NK, improving performance in low-light environments. Additionally, the MAPD-3NM had a capacitance of 200 pF compared to 176 pF for the MAPD-3NK, contributing to its superior performance. These improvements make the MAPD-3NM more efficient and sensitive for scientific and medical applications. Conclusions This project represents a major advancement in photodetector technology for medical diagnostics, aiming to develop more accurate and efficient PET-MRI scanners that enhance patient outcomes with improved imaging capabilities.

Research on autonomous obstacle avoidance and automatic obstacle avoidance of minimally invasive surgical robots

Abstract. With the development of modern society, people pay more and more attention to health and safety, especially to the development of medical techniques. The demand for higher medical standards has led to minimally invasive surgery becoming a better choice for patients. Minimally invasive surgeries involve less trauma, lower blood loss, quicker recovery, and a lower risk of infection. However, compared to traditional surgeries, these surgeries demand higher precision and skill from the surgeons, making surgical robots the preferred tool for most minimally invasive operations. Surgical robots can eliminate the surgeon's hand tremors during the operation, enhance the precision of surgical operations, and offer greater flexibility with their small end size inside human organs. Despite these advantages, minimally invasive surgical robots can not avoid obstacles and plan the path of human organs and cavities in real-time. This paper reviews the dynamic path planning and real-time obstacle avoidance of modern minimally invasive surgical robots, including their development progress and research directions. It also introduces in detail the mainstream research methods of path planning and real-time obstacle avoidance in modern research. Finally, the current technical challenges and the prediction of the future research direction are pointed out and the reference suggestions are provided.

AXIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE CONVERGENCE OF EU ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH POLICY

Abstract. The article addresses the issues of developing and implementing a unified strategy in the field of health policy and medical law in the European Union. The main focus is on analyzing differences between national legislations, assessing the institutional capacity of member states to adapt European standards, and studying the impact of a unified strategy on pan-European health effectiveness. Particular attention is given to the role of the European Parliament in shaping health policy and the potential of technological innovations to improve the quality of medical services. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research is to determine and summarize the axiological aspects of the convergence of the European Union's activities in the field of health policy. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research includes an axiological analysis of national and European legislative acts, a comparative analysis of national approaches to medical standards, and an assessment of the institutional capacity of EU member states to adapt European standards. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive analysis of the convergence of health policy in the EU and the study of the impact of a unified strategy on pan-European health effectiveness, with a focus on the harmonization of medical standards and regulations. Conclusions. The effective implementation of the EU's convergence strategy in health policy is a key factor in improving public health, preventing diseases, and eliminating threats to physical and mental health at the pan-European level.