Medical Sector Research Articles

Use of real-time immersive digital training and educational technologies to improve patient safety during the processing of reusable medical devices: Quo Vadis?

Hospital acquired infections stemming from contaminated reusable medical devices are of increasing concern. This issue is exaggerated with the introduction of complex medical devices like endoscopes and robotic instrumentation. Although medical device manufacturers validate their cleaning instructions for use, evidence in the literature demonstrates that effective device processing is not being performed consistently within sterile processing departments in clinical settings. The result is increased risks to patient safety. As a solution to this problem, focused one-on-one training increases compliance to the medical device manufacturer's processing instruction. However, often this is not a practical solution for the volume of healthcare staff responsible for device processing activities. This constitutes the first paper to address the blended use of educational and digital technologies to address these challenges and as a result inform safety and sustainability for the medical device sector. Cognitive learning theory is an evidence-based framework for learning. It supports the use of immersive educational experiences using emerging extended reality technologies (e.g., virtual or augmented reality) to increase learning comprehension. The delivery of educational content via these technologies provides an innovative option for repeatable leaning and training outcomes. The motivation is to decrease patient risk of contaminated reusable medical devices. The proposed approach while primary motivated by safety can also enhance sustainability and efficiency enabled by artificial intelligence and robotic instrumentation.

Green approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf extract: characterization and evaluation of their biological activities

BackgroundThe green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), notably from plants, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Although the increased popularity use of Cymbopogon citratus as a therapeutic substance, to date, there has not been any research on the chemistry of C. citratus aqueous leaf extract (ALE) or synthesis of ZnO NPs utilizing an extract from it. The ecologically safe ALE of C. citratus was employed in this study as a bio-reducing and capping agent to synthesize ZnO NPs.ResultsThe novelty of the current study is the investigation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and cytotoxic potencies of biosynthesized ZnO NPs utilizing C. citratus ALE. Zinc acetate dihydrate was used as the precursor and the leaf extract serves as the reducing agent. ZnO NPs from ALE of C. citratus were characterized by the spherical in form by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and the Scherrer formula was used to calculate the size of the crystalline structure. The presence of numerous functional groups in both the ALE and the NPs is confirmed by FTIR analysis. The highest absorption peak is observed at 370 nm. The stability and particle size of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs are demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 45.67 ± 0.1 μg/mL and exerted interesting anti-inflammatory activity (98.1% ± 0.04) when compared to the standard indomethacin (92.1% ± 0.07) at 1 mg/mL. They also showed anti-microbial activity for both bacterial and fungal which growth rates for both significantly decreased with the increase in ZnO NPs concentration compared to the control. The anticancer activity of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and C. citratus ALE was in vitro tested against seven human cancer cell lines (HCCL) (i.e. H1299, MDA-MB-468, HNO97, HEK, HCT116, HuH7, and HEPG2) compared to normal cells (HSF) using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. More interestingly, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs displayed remarkable selective cytotoxicity against all tested cancer cell lines without any effect on normal cells. In contrast, the cancer cell lines were not affected by the ALE of C. citratus at any concentrations tested.ConclusionsAll the findings confirm that the ZnO NPs biosynthesized in the current work are promising candidates for a variety of biological activities, and as a result, they can be helpful to the medical sector, environmental and agricultural applications.Graphical

Modernizing the United States' Public Health Infrastructure: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians.

The United States' public health sector plays a crucial role in preventing illness and promoting health. Public health drove massive gains in life expectancy during the 20th century by supporting vaccination campaigns, promoting motor vehicle safety, and preventing and treating tobacco use. However, public health is underfunded and underappreciated, forcing the field to do more with fewer resources. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) updates its 2012 policy recommendations on strengthening the nation's public health infrastructure. ACP calls for effective coordination of public health activities, robust and stable year-to-year funding of public health services, a renewed and well-supported public health workforce, action to address health-related dis- and misinformation, modernized public health data systems, and greater coordination between public health and medical sectors.

LOCAL TOURS IN ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE SUPERIORITY IN MEDICAL TOURISM: THE CASE OF AKSARAY

The main purpose of this research is to examine the importance of local tours in order to gain competitive advantage in the medical tourism sector. Medical tourism is a sector that involves patients who have difficult access to health services or who face high costs, traveling across international borders for the purpose of receiving health care. Medical tourists generally prefer destinations that offer quality health services, affordable prices, specialist doctors and modern facilities. Local tours are package tours that offer medical tourists local culture, natural beauties, traditional tastes and other touristic experiences. Such tours enrich the medical tourism experience and provide tourists with an unforgettable holiday experience.
 This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that competitiveness in medical tourism can be achieved through local tours. At the same time, it aimed to answer the question of whether Aksaray province is adequately equipped as a medical tourism destination. In-depth interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the data collection process. The research was carried out on the entire Aksaray province universe and the interviews were held in Aksaray province center. Data were collected in April 2019. Within the scope of the study, interviews were held with Aksaray University officials, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital officials, Aksaray Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Aksaray Provincial Tourism Directorate, Aksaray Provincial Health Directorate, representatives of private hospitals throughout the province and travel agencies with a total of 20 participants. Interviews were conducted in the form of one-on-one interviews lasting approximately 45 minutes. 55% of the participants are represented by public institutions and organizations, 40% by private institutions and organizations and 5% by non-governmental organizations.
 According to the data obtained, it was concluded that Aksaray province has health tourism potential and local tours are an attractive option in medical tourism. Aksaray's tourism potential is supported by its historical and cultural elements. However, the lack of development of medical tourism is due to reasons such as lack of projects, unconsciousness, lack of investment and funding. Aksaray has the equipment that can provide competitive power in the field of medical tourism and is suitable for development. Aksaray's tourism potential needs to be integrated with health tourism, coordination among stakeholders and a strategic plan should be created. It is obvious that Aksaray will develop more economically and socially if it fully utilizes its potential in the field of medical tourism.

A 3D-printed micro-perfused culture device with embedded 3D fibrous scaffold for enhanced biomimicry

Additive manufacturing has rapidly revolutionized the medical sectors since it is a versatile, cost-effective, assembly free technique with the ability to replicate geometrically complicated features. Some of the widely reported applications include the printing of scaffolds, implants, or microfluidic devices. In this study, a 3D-printed micro-perfused culture (MPC) device embedded with a nanofibrous scaffold was designed to create an integrated micro-perfused 3D cell culture environment for living cells. The addition of 3D fibrous scaffold onto the microfluidic chip was to provide a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for cell culture studies. Stereolithography was adopted in this study as this technique obviates excessive preassembly and bonding steps, which would otherwise be needed in conventional microfluidic fabrication. Huh7.5 hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used as model cells for this platform since liver cells experience similar perfused microenvironment. Preliminary cell studies revealed that gene expressions of albumin (ALB) and cytochrome P450 isoform (CYP3A7) were found to be significantly upregulated on the 3D-printed MPC device as compared to the static counterpart. Taken together, the 3D-printed MPC device is shown to be a physiologically relevant platform for the maintenance of liver cells. The device and printing technique developed in this study is highly versatile and tailorable to mimic local in vivo microenvironment needs of various tissues, which could be studied in future.  

High-Dimensional Feature Selection Based on Improved Binary Ant Colony Optimization Combined with Hybrid Rice Optimization Algorithm

In the realm of high-dimensional data analysis, numerous fields stand to benefit from its applications, including the biological and medical sectors that are crucial for computer-aided disease diagnosis and prediction systems. However, the presence of a significant number of redundant or irrelevant features can adversely affect system accuracy and real-time diagnosis efficiency. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes two innovative wrapper feature selection (FS) methods that integrate the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and hybrid rice optimization (HRO). HRO is a recently developed metaheuristic that mimics the breeding process of the three-line hybrid rice, which is yet to be thoroughly explored in the context of solving high-dimensional FS problems. In the first hybridization, ACO is embedded as an evolutionary operator within HRO and updated alternately with it. In the second form of hybridization, two subpopulations evolve independently, sharing the local search results to assist individual updating. In the initial stage preceding hybridization, a problem-oriented heuristic factor assignment strategy based on the importance of the knee point feature is introduced to enhance the global search capability of ACO in identifying the smallest and most representative features. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated on fourteen high-dimensional biomedical datasets and compared with other recently advanced FS methods. Experimental results suggest that the proposed methods are efficient and computationally robust, exhibiting superior performance compared to the other algorithms involved in this study.

A Review of Medical Data Sources, and Advanced Data Analytics in the Medical Sector

This article provides a thorough examination of healthcare data analytics and identifies various unresolved questions that necessitate further investigation. The implementation of healthcare analytics has the potential to generate two supplementary advantages for healthcare providers, specifically heightened patient contentment and ameliorated health consequences. The field of data analytics has been propelled forward by the facilitation of healthcare data acquisition through technological and software advancements. The lack of a predetermined framework in the data, along with the constraints imposed by privacy considerations in data gathering and dissemination methods, have presented significant obstacles to the progression of the field. The expeditious handling and comprehension of data requires prompt decision-making in the presence of substantial information quantities. In specific situations, the retrieval and analysis of data may necessitate the utilisation of more advanced techniques owing to the intricacy of the data. The emergence of data collection technologies that facilitate analytics has presented new obstacles, despite their effectiveness in accumulating vast quantities of data. The healthcare industry employs a wide array of methodologies, which can be attributed to the inherent distinctions in the fundamental data types.

Overview of 3D and 4D Printing Techniques and their Emerging Applications in Medical Sectors

Abstract: Additive manufacturing is a highly effective and versatile technology, especially in the medical sector, due to its customization, material complexity, design flexibility, waste minimization, and ability to fabricate intricate shapes that are cumbersome to manufacture by conventional manufacturing techniques. 4D printing plays a significant role in the medical field, especially in the areas not covered by 3D printing technologies, such as smart implants, devices and tools. Also, 4D printing helps doctors to treat more patients with high accuracy and quality. Hence, this manuscript aims to provide an overview of distinct 3D and 4D printing techniques and their emerging applications in the medical sector. A study of 3D printing technologies is presented by explaining the working principles of distinct 3D printing methods: stereo lithography, fusion deposition modeling, inkjet printing, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting and electron beam melting. In addition, the emerging applications of 3D printing in medical sectors (e.g., bioprinting, surgical guides, pharmaceuticals, prostheses, medical devices, dentistry, physiotherapy, etc.), as well as challenges and the future scope of 3D printing, are also discussed. Further, the concept of 4D printing, the market for both 3D and 4D printing, the benefits of 4D printing, the comparison of 3D and 4D printing, limitations, applications, and the future scope of 4D printing in the medical sector are also covered.

Post-Processing Fairness Evaluation of Federated Models: An Unsupervised Approach in Healthcare.

Modern Healthcare cyberphysical systems have begun to rely more and more on distributed AI leveraging the power of Federated Learning (FL). Its ability to train Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models for the wide variety of medical fields, while at the same time fortifying the privacy of the sensitive information that are present in the medical sector, makes the FL technology a necessary tool in modern health and medical systems. Unfortunately, due to the polymorphy of distributed data and the shortcomings of distributed learning, the local training of Federated models sometimes proves inadequate and thus negatively imposes the federated learning optimization process and in extend in the subsequent performance of the rest Federated models. Badly trained models can cause dire implications in the healthcare field due to their critical nature. This work strives to solve this problem by applying a post-processing pipeline to models used by FL. In particular, the proposed work ranks the model by finding how fair they are by discovering and inspecting micro-Manifolds that cluster each neural model's latent knowledge. The produced work applies a completely unsupervised both model and data agnostic methodology that can be leveraged for general model fairness discovery. The proposed methodology is tested against a variety of benchmark DL architectures and in the FL environment, showing an average 8.75% increase in Federated model accuracy in comparison with similar work.

Evaluation of the Head and Neck Surgery During the Pandemic COVID-19: A Tertiary Care Center Study.

There is a notable shift in the attitude of the admission, review, diagnostics, and follow-up of patients for all the medical sectors and of particular interest of cancer patients. The present study aimed to elaborate on the identification of patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs); the diagnostics, the triage, and the best treatment plan were all evaluated and at the same time compared with the years before the pandemic at a tertiary care center that caters to various other patients also. A retrospective observational clinical study was conducted at the tertiary care center that catered to all the medical specialties. The demographics, the patient characteristics, the surgeries performed, complications, mortality, and readmissions were evaluated and compared with the pre-coronavirus disease (COVID) time. There was a significant difference in the complications for the pre-COVID time when the groups were compared for the matched pair. The proper screening and triaging of the patients will help in the early intervention of the patients with the HNCs.

ADVANCING MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURING: THE CONVERGENCE OF EDGE COMPUTING AND INDUSTRY 5.0

The integration of edge computing and Industry 5.0 has the potential to revolutionize medical device manufacturing, enhancing the effectiveness, functionality, and safety of medical devices. This research article explores the opportunities and challenges associated with this convergence in the medical device sector. The paper highlights how edge computing enables real-time data processing and analysis at the production site, leading to enhanced real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and predictive maintenance for medical devices. Additionally, Industry 5.0 principles promote human-robot collaboration, personalized healthcare, and intelligent decision-making through data analytics and AI. The paper also addresses the challenges of cybersecurity, privacy concerns, scalability, network infrastructure, and interoperability issues in the implementation of edge computing and Industry 5.0. The article emphasizes the importance of standardized communication protocols and data formats to ensure seamless interoperability. Lastly, it outlines potential areas of research and development, such as realtime analytics, cybersecurity, and human-robot collaboration, to further enhance the integration of edge computing and Industry 5.0 in medical device manufacturing. Researchers, manufacturers, and policymakers stand to benefit from a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and challenges, enabling the development of strategies to drive positive industry-wide outcomes in medical device manufacturing.

Fears and misconceptions towardCOVID-19 vaccination among Syrian population: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the significant milestone of vaccine discovery, the spread of misinformation and pseudoscientific claims has resulted in an increasing number of people refusing vaccination in Syria. In this study, we aimed to explore fears and misconceptions towards COVID-19 vaccines among the Syrian population. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study between January and May 2022, using a convenience sample of 10,006 participants aged at least 18 years and living in Syria. We administered a validated online/paper questionnaire and conducted face-to-face interviews. We used SPSS software (version 26) for statistical analysis, assessing our data using frequency and χ 2 tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The majority of the participants were female 6048 (60.4%), university degree holders 7304 (73%), and from urban areas 8015 (80.1%). Approximately half of the participants 5021 (50.2%) belonged to the medical sector (49% had concerns about the vaccine). Females, university degree holders, and participants with a history of symptomatic COVID-19 were more likely to have fears about the vaccines. The main concerns about the vaccines were the rapid development, fears of blood clots, and common side effects. The prevalence of some misconceptions was relatively high, such as the belief that the vaccine is an experiment or a secret plan to reduce the population. Reliable sources are crucial to fight misleading information on social media. COVID-19 vaccine is key to controlling the spread, but acceptance rate is critical. High variability in vaccine acceptance and high vaccine hesitancy can affect the efforts to terminate the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing the barriers associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination will be the cornerstone to achieving maximum vaccination coverage. It is important to consider the reasons for refusing the COVID-19 vaccine when interpreting the results of any study on vaccine attitudes among the Syrian population.

HPC+ in the medical field: Overview and current examples.

To say data is revolutionising the medical sector would be a vast understatement. The amount of medical data available today is unprecedented and has the potential to enable to date unseen forms of healthcare. To process this huge amount of data, an equally huge amount of computing power is required, which cannot be provided by regular desktop computers. These areas can be (and already are) supported by High-Performance-Computing (HPC), High-Performance Data Analytics (HPDA), and AI (together "HPC+"). This overview article aims to show state-of-the-art examples of studies supported by the National Competence Centres (NCCs) in HPC+ within the EuroCC project, employing HPC, HPDA and AI for medical applications. The included studies on different applications of HPC in the medical sector were sourced from the National Competence Centres in HPC and compiled into an overview article. Methods include the application of HPC+ for medical image processing, high-performance medical and pharmaceutical data analytics, an application for pediatric dosimetry, and a cloud-based HPC platform to support systemic pulmonary shunting procedures. This article showcases state-of-the-art applications and large-scale data analytics in the medical sector employing HPC+ within surgery, medical image processing in diagnostics, nutritional support of patients in hospitals, treating congenital heart diseases in children, and within basic research. HPC+ support scientific fields from research to industrial applications in the medical area, enabling researchers to run faster and more complex calculations, simulations and data analyses for the direct benefit of patients, doctors, clinicians and as an accelerator for medical research.

Smart Helmet Using GSM Module and Ardiuno

Abstract: Accidents have become a serious problem in recent years. As the number of accidents continues to rise, efforts are made to prevent them and mitigate their effects. The rules of the road do not matter in our society, and they are routinely disregarded. India ranks first in terms of the number of two-wheeler accidents and deaths resulting from them. Using a smart helmet, we provide safety with magnificent and brilliant features by adopting a different perspective. The smart helmet is a GSMbased initiative. It is a helmet with advanced features that enhance the driving experience and make driving safer. The primary objectives of our product are to automate the existing non-automated road safety medical sector, to provide prompt medical assistance to victims of road accidents, and to require riders to wear helmets. To ensure that the biker is wearing a helmet, we are utilizing two modules, one on the helmet and one on the bike, which will operate in tandem. For this, a radio frequency module is used. We are utilizing a GSM800L module with an RS-32 interface that is both GSM and GRPS compatible. In addition, we use Arduino kit to store and operate the program. We are using an ultrasonic sensor that detects an accident and sends a signal to Arduino, which then sends commands to a GSM module that calls/SMS an ambulance and family members. Thus, instant assistance is provided. We aimed to make this intelligent, integrated helmet affordable

Palliative and hospice care for adults in the Kharkiv Regional Center of Palliative Medicine "Hospice" in 2016–2022

To provide palliative and hospice care in Ukraine, specialized medical facilities have been created, the work of which reflects the advanced capabilities of the organization of medical care, and will also provide an insignificant part the total consumption of the population of certain regions, and the level of such demand covered by other indicators. A communal non-profit enterprise of the Kharkiv region "Regional Center for Palliative Medicine "Hospice"" (hereinafter referred to as Hospice), created in the region in 1999, provides palliative care to critically ill patients, especially an oncology illnesses and degenerative diseases of the nervous system. We carried out an analysis of the activity of the medical sector based on the indicators of personnel security and the characteristics of patients for the period 2016–2022, with the equalization of educational indicators in the military and pre-war hours. It was established that throughout the period of investigation, the Kharkov Hospice experienced a significant staffing shortage, which in an insignificant way increased due to the beginning of a full-scale war, but did not affect the performance of patient care. The mortality rate for the period 2018–2022 ranges from 3–8%, and this is due mainly to patients who are admitted to treatment rather than those who receive medical assistance. Most patients of the Kharkiv Hospice are women aged 70 years or more. The number of patients who were admitted to hospital before the medical emergency changed in 2022, which may be due to demographic problems in the region during the war, the marriage of budgetary funding and personnel shortages, and so on. We provide a large number of patients with comfortable conditions to provide medical care important palliative diagnoses and more important ones. The mortgage demonstrates high adaptability to the minds of wartime, and there is also a slight decline in the categories of patients who need help, with the constant needs of patients in the region. Keywords: lethality, need for PHC, staffing, adaptation to wartime conditions.

Comparative analysis of collagen-1 amongst locally-farmed tilapia samples as potential xenograft for partial-thickness burns

Background: Tilapia farming is amongst the most lucrative in terms of yield and return of investments in the aquaculture industry in Thailand. The sustainable supply of tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) can be exploited to reconsider the fish species as a huge potential for Thailand’s medical sector, particularly on xenograft as an innovative treatment for burns. Methods: Collagen content quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is done on two samples: Chitralada I tilapia (Thai locally cultured strain of Oreochromis niloticus) and pink tilapia (commercially cultured strain by Charoen Pokphand Foods PCL) skin to compare the amount of type I collagen (COL-I) by measuring one of its major amino acids, hydroxyproline, with Nile tilapia skin which has been used as xenograft in Brazil. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference in the amount of hydroxyproline amongst the two strains. Chitralada I tilapia sample contains 9.01 g/100g (9.01%) and pink tilapia sample contains 18.55 g/100g (18.55%) of hydroxyproline respectively. Conclusions: Since there are minor differences between the amount of hydroxyproline in Thai locally-farmed tilapia and Nile tilapia; therefore, Thai locally-farmed tilapia xenograft can be a possible choice for burn treatment.

Introduction of clinical research progress, mechanism analysis and application prospect of acupuncture and moxibustion when treating diabetic constipation

Chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease are increasingly prevalent in Chinese ageing population due to its accelerated ageing process, which has been a serious threat to people's health. The prevention and treatment of these diseases have received increasing attention from the medical sector. Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by polydipsia, polyuria and emaciation, in which the incidence of type 2 diabetes is much higher compared to type 1 diabetes. Diabetes has a variety of complications that can occur after the progression of the disease. Diabetic constipation is one of the most common and harmful complications of diabetes, which can negatively impact the health of patients. Western medicine is limited when treating these diseases, and there are obvious side effects associated with some drugs. The tolerance of the middle-aged and elderly is poor. Therefore, more and more experts and scholars have advocated the introduction of Chinese medicine into the treatment of diabetic constipation, of which acupuncture is widely used and its efficacy is well recognized by doctors and patients. This study collated and analyzed the relevant literature reports and studies in the past three years. It was confirmed that the use of acupuncture for diabetic constipation can remarkably improve clinical symptoms, its efficacy and safety are good, and this treatment protocol has positive clinical application value.

Challenges in Establishing Sustainable Innovation in the Biotechnology Sector: A Case of DNA Labs, Nigeria

Entrepreneurship progresses through challenges, and the trend is even more striking in upcoming industries like medical biotechnology in Nigeria. The modern-day shift from conventional therapeutic approaches to advanced biomedical practices through medical biotechnology is becoming increasingly rapid. While showing outstanding promises and sustainable development, the cost that comes along with the employment, operation, expertise, and maintenance of medical biotechnological tools presents a difficult hurdle that needs curtailment in developing countries. This research used ‘DNA Labs, Nigeria’ as a case study to discover associated barriers affecting sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation in Nigeria's medical biotechnology sector. Finance was identified as the major constraint due to the expensive nature of tools and expertise required to run the services; regulatory policies and arbitrary public perception of biotechnology-based diagnoses were identified, amongst others, as the variable hindrances. DNA Labs, Nigeria picked out alternative revenue-generating schemes and strategized partnerships as possible measures of overcoming the industry's challenges.

Controlling grain structure in metallic additive manufacturing using a versatile, inexpensive process control system

Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly termed 3D printing, is a revolutionary manufacturing technology with great industrial relevance in the aerospace, medical and automotive sectors. Metallic AM allows creation of complex intricate parts and repair of large components; however, certification is currently a concern due to lack of process consistency. A versatile, inexpensive process control system was developed and integrated, reducing variability in melt pool fluctuation and improving microstructural homogeneity of components. Remnant microstructural variation can be explained by the change in heat flow mechanism with geometry. The grain area variability was reduced by up to 94% at a fraction of the cost of a typical thermal camera, with control software written in-house and made publically available. This decreases the barrier to implementation for process feedback control, which can be implemented in many manufacturing processes, from polymer AM to injection moulding to inert-gas heat treatment.

Machine-Learning Methods for Speech and Handwriting Detection Using Neural Signals: A Review

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from the medical sector (people with motor and/or communication disabilities), cognitive training, gaming, and Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR), among other areas. BCI which can decode and recognize neural signals involved in speech and handwriting has the potential to greatly assist individuals with severe motor impairments in their communication and interaction needs. Innovative and cutting-edge advancements in this field have the potential to develop a highly accessible and interactive communication platform for these people. The purpose of this review paper is to analyze the existing research on handwriting and speech recognition from neural signals. So that the new researchers who are interested in this field can gain thorough knowledge in this research area. The current research on neural signal-based recognition of handwriting and speech has been categorized into two main types: invasive and non-invasive studies. We have examined the latest papers on converting speech-activity-based neural signals and handwriting-activity-based neural signals into text data. The methods of extracting data from the brain have also been discussed in this review. Additionally, this review includes a brief summary of the datasets, preprocessing techniques, and methods used in these studies, which were published between 2014 and 2022. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the methodologies used in the current literature on neural signal-based recognition of handwriting and speech. In essence, this article is intended to serve as a valuable resource for future researchers who wish to investigate neural signal-based machine-learning methods in their work.