Department Of Medical Sciences Research Articles

To the 80th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Vasilievich Beregovykh

February 27, 2022 marks the 80th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation, Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Vasilyevich Beregovyh.

Evaluation of Teaching Methods in Medical Technical Science Department of Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres

Teaching is the key to have a well- prepared student in the job market.The department of medical technical science has always been committed to teaching as high quality as possible. The aim of our study is to evaluate the teaching methods in Medial Technical Science Department in Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres. This is a cross- sectional studies conducted in a period of 2 moths were 332 students participate. Student’s feedback on teaching methods was collected through “Google form questionnaire”. Questions regarding type of teaching methods, how satisfy students were about teaching methods and what they suggest to improve the teaching were collected. Data were presented as percentage. In our study students were satisfied with teaching methods except with laboratory and hospital practice. Most of the students reported that video projector teaching methods has a great impact in understanding the lecture. More teaching and students interactivity and evaluation forms in the end of the lecture were suggested from the students.
 
 Received: 30 January 2022 / Accepted: 5 March 2022 / Published: 20 March 2022

Adjuvant osimertinib treatment in patients with early stage NSCLC (IB-IIIA): pathological pathway adaptations.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Around 30% of patients are diagnosed with early disease and 60% after the tumour has spread to a different part of the body. The earlier NSCLC is diagnosed, the better the chances of prolonging survival. Recent years have seen striking improvements in cancer treatment outcomes through increased use of molecular diagnostics. Therapy decisions are now based on a combination of genetic testing and genetically matched targeted therapies. The positive results obtained with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including osimertinib, in the metastatic disease, coupled with recent data in early stage disease support the importance of molecular testing in this setting. In this overview we discuss factors paramount in pathological pathways to ensure optimal management of early stage NSCLC and also provide an overview of requirements/recommendations. Critical issues in the pre-analytical phases regarding both cytology/biopsy samples and surgically resected tissues are highlighted and solutions are proposed to guarantee accuracy, adequacy and sustainability in the innovative approach to be introduced in clinical practice for NSCLC patients.

Antibacterial Screening and Analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor Secondary Metabolites

Aims: The widespread usage of commercially accessible antibacterial agents has resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens worldwide. Streptomycetes produce a variety of antibacterial secondary metabolites and the study, as a result, will look into the antibacterial potential of Streptomyces coelicolor against some pathogenic bacteria.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was based at the department of Medical Microbiology, Science and Health research center, Faculty of science and health, Koya University. between April, 2019 and December, 2020.
 Methodology: The Streptomyces coelicolor strains in this study were verified phenotypically via tryptone soya agar in addition to their genotype using three different sets of primers. Afterwards, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was utilised to purify actinorhodin from the crude extract of S. coelicolor secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activities of the actinorhodin and the crude extract have further been tested against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19165), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25218), and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028). Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques were both used to serve this purpose.
 Results: A significant activity of the organic solvent extract was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes using the disc diffusion method with diameter zone inhibition of (9-20 mm) and (11-23 mm), respectively. Actinorhodin, on the other hand, showed a reasonable wider effect against them with diameter zone inhibition of (10-24 mm) against S. aureus and (10-27 mm) against S. pyogenes. Comparatively, the MIC test showed akin results by inhibiting S. aureus and S. pyogenes at a MIC value of 16 µg/ml using crude extract. Whereas actinorhodin expressed greater inhibitory activities against S. aureus, S. pyogenes and S. typhi with MICs of (8, 16 and 32 µg/ml), respectively.
 Conclusion: The capability of suggested actinorhodin from the L646 strain to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes growth with a MIC value of 8 g/ml was a remarkable finding obtained by studying Streptomyces coelicolor secondary metabolites.

D-Chiro Inositol in Lowering Androgen Levels in Pcos Patients

Background and objectives: PCOS affects the endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive systems, resulting in the production of cysts in the women who have it. When provided, D-chiro inositol, a new therapeutic agent, has the potential to enhance the patient's endocrine profile. D-Chiro Inositol is being tested in a new trial to see how well it will help individuals with PCOS reduce their androgen levels. Methodology of the study: This randomised trial took place in the Department of Medical Sciences' outpatient department from June 2020 to March 2021. A random number generator was used to divide 50 women with polycystic ovarian disorder into two groups of 25 each. While another group found a placebo supplement, one received D-Chiro Inositol (600mg per day). A number of androgens were assessed at the start of treatment and again eight weeks later, including LH, FSH, and testosterone. An independent sample T test was used to compare the therapy effects after eight weeks, with a P value of less than 0.05 declared statistical significance. Results: D-Chiro Inositol (D-Chiro Inositol) was shown to be more effective than placebo for patients aged 28.8 to 30.9. D-Chiro Inositol women had a mean BMI of 25.73.6 kg/m2, while placebo women had a BMI of 25.84.2 kg/m2. Testosterone levels in the D-Chiro Inositol group were 78.48 ng/dl, 14.74 microIU/ml, and 10.19 microIU/ml, respectively, while these values were 17.22 microIU/ml, 13.03 microIU/ml, and 86.08% in the placebo group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups (P value 0.05). D-Chiro Inositol seems to be an effective treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome since it has the capacity to reduce testosterone levels.

Meningeal worm infection in two Wisconsin wild elk

Veterinary Record Case ReportsVolume 10, Issue 2 e283 IMAGES IN… Meningeal worm infection in two Wisconsin wild elk Calandra S. Chuback, Calandra S. Chuback DVM Program, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorRyan M. Breuer, Corresponding Author Ryan M. Breuer [email protected] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Correspondence Ryan M. Breuer, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKathleen M. Deering, Kathleen M. Deering Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorLindsey Long, Lindsey Long Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth J. Elsmo, Elizabeth J. Elsmo Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this author Calandra S. Chuback, Calandra S. Chuback DVM Program, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorRyan M. Breuer, Corresponding Author Ryan M. Breuer [email protected] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Correspondence Ryan M. Breuer, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKathleen M. Deering, Kathleen M. Deering Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorLindsey Long, Lindsey Long Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth J. Elsmo, Elizabeth J. Elsmo Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Pathology, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 January 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.283Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue2June 2022e283 RelatedInformation

Is Emergency Surgery Back to Pre-Covid-19 Era? Our Cohort Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to analyze the progress of hospitalizations and how the emergency operations in our Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Foggia Hospital have changed qualitatively and quantitatively from pre-Covid-19 to today. Methods: Our cohort-study was conducted by analyzing four groups of patients admitted in emergency to our department from 2019 to 2022. Results: We observed a total of 150 patients for the group 1, 25 patients for the group 2, 71 patients for the group 3 and 110 for the group 4, of these 20 were emergency admission during 2019, 16 during 2020, 31 during 2021 and 10 during 2020 (p 0.05); 130 were elective admission during 2019, 9 during 2020, 40 during 2021 and 100 during 2022 (p 0.05). Of the emergency admissions 11 were operated during the no covid period in 2019, 14 during 2020, 29 during 2021, 6 during 2022. Conclusions: The contraction of hospitalizations for urgent and emergency conditions during the first lockdown has been accompanied by positive implications. The measures employed in hospitals to contain the infection determined a reduction in COVID cases, allowing the nearly complete resumption of the surgical activity provided in the pre-COVID era.

Relationship between residual gastric area and weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy: A Cohort study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the actual size and area of the remnant stomach, as measured by Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, on weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy. Materials and methodsFrom May 2017 to December 2019, 56 patients with morbid obesity were admitted to the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Results56 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy with a mean age of 43,5 ± 11 years of which 40 were female. The mean Excess Weight Loss (EWL) at 1 month was 24,09 ± 15,04%, at 6 months was 27,07 ± 19,55% and at 12 months was 69,9 ± 23,7%. The mean Excess Body Mass Index Loss (EBMIL) at 1 month was 23,1 ± 12,5%, at 6 months was 56,6 ± 19,7% and at 12 months was 69,7 ± 23,7%.The EWL % was correlated with the residual stomach area (RSA) at 1 month (r = −0,242 p = 0,072), at 6 months (r = −0,249 p = 0,064) and at 12 months (r = −0,451 p = 0,0005).The EBMIL % was correlated with the RSA at 1 month (r = −0,270; p = 0,043), at 6 months (r = −0,270; p = 0,043) andat 12 months (r = −0,46; p = 0,0004). ConclusionA greater postoperative EWL % was correlated with a smaller RSA and this resulted in a statistically significant change at 12 months after surgery.

МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ СПУСТЯ 35 ЛЕТ ПОСЛЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС

Purpose: In an article prepared on the basis of the conclusion of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP) at the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident after 35 years according to the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register" (NRER), the main conclusions of the large-scale radiation-epidemiological studies carried out.
 Material and methods: The work uses information NRER – liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the Branch Register of FMBA of Russia – liquidators. When assessing the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms, the EPICURE.
 Results: The current status of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, which is currently functioning within the framework of the Law of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2012 No. 329-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring that changes in the health status of certain categories of citizens are taken into account exposed to radiation". For the first time in an integral form, the article presents the medical radiological consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the population of Russia. It was found that an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer due to incorporated exposure to 131I was found in a cohort of children and adolescents (28 856 people) who received radiation doses of more than 200 mGy in 1986. There was no increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among the adult population. Analysis of the incidence of solid cancers in the territories of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions contaminated with radionuclides did not reveal an increase in the frequency of this pathology for children and adults. It is shown that in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, who received radiation doses of more than 150 mGy (35 303 people), an increase in the incidence of leukemia during the first 11 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and solid cancers was revealed in comparison with the spontaneous level.
 Conclusions: The article points out serious limitations associated with a high degree of uncertainty in the received personal dosimetric data on liquidators in 1986–1987. and the need to use the total dose from all types of radiation (professional, emergency, medical, natural) to calculate the radiation risk. RSCRP emphasizes the high urgency of continuing work on reducing the uncertainty of dosimetry data and assessing the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident based on a comprehensive analysis of the NRER data.

Integration of Web Analytics Into Graduate Medical Education: Usability Study.

BackgroundWeb analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of website and web application usage data. While common in the e-commerce arena, web analytics is underutilized in graduate medical education (GME).ObjectiveThe University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Department of Surgery website was revamped with input from in-house surgeons in August 2017. This study investigated the use of web analytics to gauge the impact of our department’s website redesign project.MethodsGoogle Analytics software was used to measure website performance before and after implementation of the new website. Eight-month matched periods were compared. Factors tracked included total users, new users, total sessions, sessions per user, pages per session, average session duration, total page views, and bounce rate (the percentage of visitors who visit a site and then leave [ie, bounce] without continuing to another page on the same site).ResultsAnalysis using a nonpaired Student t test demonstrated a statistically significant increase for total page views (before vs after: 33,065 vs 81,852; P<.001) and decrease for bounce rate (before vs after: 50.70% vs 0.23%; P<.001). Total users, new users, total sessions, sessions per user, and pages per session showed improvement. The average session duration was unchanged. Subgroup analysis showed that after the main page, the next 3 most frequently visited pages were related to GME programs in our department.ConclusionsWeb analytics is a practical measure of a website’s efficacy. Our data suggest that a modern website significantly improves user engagement. An up-to-date website is essential for contemporary GME recruitment, will likely enhance engagement of residency applicants with GME programs, and warrants further investigation.

Assessments of Prevalence of Ponticulus Posticus, Atlas Posterior Arch Deficiency, Sella Turcica Bridging, Maxillary Canine Impaction, and Associations Among Them in 500 CBCTs of Italian Orthodontic Patients

Background: The ponticulus posticus (PP) is an important anomaly of the atlas (C1 vertebra) with a complete or partial bone bridge that transforms the groove of the vertebral artery (VA) into a canal (arcuate foramen). The aim was to retrospectively determine prevalence of PP evaluating morphological features and the possible association with other dentoskeletal anomalies in the midface and neck area such as maxillary canine impaction (MCI), atlas posterior arch deficiency (APAD), and sella turcica bridging (SB).Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences of the University “G. D'Annunzio” in Chieti. The detection of PP was performed on 500 patients with cone beam CT (CBCT) images (6 to 87 years).Results: Analysis revealed the presence of uni- and bi-lateral PP in 110 patients (22%): 24 (4.8%) patients with bilateral complete PP, 12 (2.4%) patients with complete PP on the left, 6 (1.2%) patients with complete PP on the right, 8 (1.6%) patients with complete PP on the right and partial PP on the left, 6 (1.2%) patients with complete PP on the left and partial PP on the right, 26 (5.2%) patients with partial bilateral PP, 18 (3.6%) patients with partial left PP, and 10 (2%) patients with partial PP on the right. The Chi-squared statistic confirmed that there are significant associations between MCI and PP (p = 0.020) and between SB and MCI (p &amp;lt;0.00001). No correlation between chronological age and presence of the PP (p = 0.982), between chronological age and morphotypes of the PP (p = 0.779), between APAD and the PP (p = 0.0757), between SB and the PP (p = 0.111), and between APAD and MCI (p = 0.222) were found.Conclusion: This observational study showed how bilateral partial variant and bilateral complete variant are the most represented morphotypes in all the age groups. The prevalence of MCI is positively associated with PP and with SB.

The negative health effects of having a combination of snoring and insomnia.

Insomnia and snoring are common sleep disorders. The aim was to investigate the association of having a combination of insomnia symptoms and snoring with comorbidity and daytime sleepiness. The study population comprised 25,901 participants (16-75 years, 54.4% women) from 4 Swedish cities, who answered a postal questionnaire that contained questions on snoring, insomnia symptoms (difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep and/or early morning awakening), smoking, educational level, and respiratory and nonrespiratory disorders. Snoring was reported by 4,221 (16.2%), while 9,872 (38.1%) reported ≥ 1 insomnia symptom. A total of 2,150 (8.3%) participants reported both insomnia symptoms and snoring. The association with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.6), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4), asthma (adjusted OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6-2.3), daytime sleepiness (adjusted OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 7.1-8.8), and the use of hypnotics (adjusted OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 6.1-9.1) was highest for the group with both insomnia symptoms and snoring. Participants with both snoring and insomnia run an increased risk of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, daytime sleepiness, and use of hypnotics. It is important to consider snoring in patients seeking medical assistance for insomnia and, vice versa, in patients with snoring inquiring about insomnia. Hägg SA, Ilieva E, Ljunggren M, etal. The negative health effects of having a combination of snoring and insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):973-981.

Deaths Caused by Epidural Hemorrhage and skull base fracture Due Blunt Force Trauma

Epidural hematom is one of the most common types of intracranial bleeding due to skull fractures. Epidural hematom is the accumulation of blood and blood clots between the dura mater layer and the skull bone. Epidural hematomas can occur in anyone and any age. Epidural hematomas occur as a result of head trauma, which is usually associated with skull bone fractures and blood vessel lacerations. A very prominent symptom is that consciousness decreases progressively. Patients with this condition often appear bruised around the eyes and behind the ears. Often also visible fluid that comes out in the nasal passages or ears. Reported a case at the Department of Forensic and Medical Sciences Of Bhayangkara General Hospital TK II Medan City, explained that at a written request from the Padang Lawas Resort Police. The victim was a 14-year-old male student. From the results of external examination found bruises on the head and forehead, On examination in the discovery of blood absorption on the inner scalp, found blood clots on the surface of the thick membrane of the brain, fractures the base of the skull. From the results of external and autopsy concluded the post mortem interval is 24 to 36 hours.and the cause of death is Epidural Hemorrhage due to fractures of the skull due to blunt force trauma on the head.

COVID-19 pandemic in Russia: medical and social problems of the digital educational environment

In connection with the epidemic of a novel coronavirus infection, all schools in the Russian Federation in the spring of 2020 were forced to switch to remote work.Aim. To analyze key publications on: the organization of the educational process in the context of distance learning; life and well-being of participants in the educational process in conditions of lockdown; medical and social approaches to reduce the negative consequences of lockdown for children and adolescents during distance learning. Materials and methods. The analysis of domestic and international scientific publications and recommendations found using the search engines Scopus, Pubmed, the Russian Science Citation Index and by manual search on the resources of WHO, UNICEF, UNESCO and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).Results. The closure of educational institutions is a risk of reducing the quality of education. In 2020, with the closure of Russian schools, the educational process was not stopped due to distance learning using digital technologies. The article examines the history of the emergence of online distance learning, presents the results of research carried out by scientific organizations and universities in order to study the features of the organization of the educational process in conditions of distance learning, the life of participants in the educational process in schools, and their well-being in lockdown. To reduce the negative consequences of lockdown on children and adolescents and distance learning, medical and social approaches have been analyzed and substantiated.Conclusion. The solution of problems related to distance education can be realized in the course of scientific and methodological support and examination of the experiment on the implementation in 14 constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the target model of the digital educational environment in the field of general and secondary vocational education, planned in Russia in 2020–2022. For this, the Russian Academy of Sciences, represented by the Department of Medical Sciences and the Section of Preventive Medicine, the Ministry of Health of Russia, and Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) have to be participants.

Protocol for a pharmacogenetic study of antidepressants: characterization of drug-metabolizing profiles of cytochromes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in a Sardinian population of patients with major depressive disorder.

The effectiveness of antidepressants shows high interindividual variability ranging from full symptomatologic remission to treatment-resistant depression. Many factors can determine the variation in the clinical response, but a fundamental role is played by genetic variation within the genes encoding for the enzymes most involved in the metabolism of antidepressant drugs: the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 isoforms of the cytochrome P450 system. This study is poised to clarify whether the different metabolizing phenotypes related to CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 could have an impact on the clinical efficacy of antidepressants and whether the frequency of these phenotypes of metabolization shows differences in the population of Sardinian patients compared to other Caucasian populations. The sample is being recruited from patients followed-up and treated at the Psychiatric Unit of the Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari and the University Hospital Agency of Cagliari (Italy). The study design includes three approaches: (1) a pharmacogenetic analysis of 80 patients diagnosed with MDD resistant to antidepressant treatment compared to 80 clinically responsive or remitted patients; (2) a prospective arm (N = 30) of the study where we will test the impact of genetic variation within the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes on clinical response to antidepressants and on their serum levels and (3) the assessment of the socio-economic impact of antidepressant therapies, and estimation of the cost-effectiveness of the pharmacogenetic test based on CYP genes.

Vaccine Confidence: Covid-19 Vaccine and Hepatitis B Vaccine Knowledge, Attitude and Belief among Health Science Students in a University in Eastern Nigeria

Background: Both hepatitis B and coronavirus vaccines are important requirement for all health science student because of their potential exposure to hepatitis B and coronavirus diseases during their clinical experience. Vaccine uptake has recently been affected by lack of confidence to their efficacy and safety. This attitude is vaccine dependent and understanding of the determinants will help to prevent vaccine hesitancy. This study was designed to compare the attitude of health science student toward hepatitis B vaccine and coronavirus vaccine. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among students of one of the colleges of health sciences in Enugu Nigeria. The students comprised of medical students, medical laboratory students and nursing students who visit the hospital for their clinical postings and experiences. Three, two and two classes in the departments of medicine, medical laboratory science and nursing science respectively met the inclusion criteria for the study. They are six hundred and two students in the three departments of the college. Two classes were selected from the department of medicine and one class each from the department of medical laboratory science and nursing science respectively using simple random sampling method. A total of 303 (135; medicine students, 85; medical laboratory and 83; nursing students) students were in the selected classes and all of them participated in the study. The questionaries were distributed to all the students in the selected classes during their lectures. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and vaccine status, and beliefs concerning Hepatitis B vaccines and coronavirus vaccine. The questions on knowledge were adopted from related literatures while questions on attitude were adopted from Parental Attitude on Childhood Vaccine (PACV) questions and Global Vaccine Confidence (GVC) survey. The findings and scores were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic software for windows (SPSS statistical software V.21 (IBM Corp. 2019). Total of 11 responses were incomplete in either one or more questions and they were all removed bringing the total number of valid participants to 292. The age of the respondents was grouped, and the simple mean obtained. Scores on knowledge were calculated by scoring correct response as 1 and scoring incorrect as 0. All ‘I don’t know’ responses were regarded as negative answer. A score of less than 50% correct responses was regarded as ‘less than average’, and 50% or more correct responses was regarded as ‘above average’. The attitude of the students towards hepatitis B vaccine and coronavirus vaccine were compared using chi-square and the p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Out of 303 students, 292 responded to all the questions while 11 were incomplete. Two hundred and four participants (69.9) were females while 88(30.1) were males with the mean age of 22.6 SD 2.6. The medical students, nursing students and medical laboratory students contributed to 134(45.9), 81(27.7) and 77(26.4) respectively. On the general knowledge, 282(96.6%) had knowledge above average. Although the responses to the question ‘Upon discovery of vaccine for a particular disease, the “efficacy” of the vaccine will be considered before approval by the appropriate organizations’ were little above average, 161(55.1). The students had better attitude towards hepatitis B vaccine than coronavirus vaccine. For instance, 114(39%) students had decided not to have coronavirus vaccine against 43(14.7%) for hepatitis B vaccine. Again, 204(69.9) and 125(42.8) expressed concern on the ‘safe’ of coronavirus vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively. Similar responses were observed on the question concerning the side effect of the two vaccines. The questions on the ‘Trust”: the respondent expressed significant distrust to their doctors, government, media, and their spiritual leader concerning the coronavirus than the hepatitis B vaccine. The difference in the responses on the ‘efficacy’ of the two vaccine was not significant. In the practice domain, the majority of the students have not had both hepatitis B and coronavirus vaccine. There was significant difference between those who indicated wiliness to take hepatitis B vaccine and coronavirus vaccine as soon as they are available. In conclusion: The knowledge about vaccine as expressed by the students in this study was above average. They expressed negative attitude to coronavirus vaccine than hepatitis B vaccine. The student expressed concern on the efficacy of the two vaccines and the vaccine generally. It was also observed that many of the students have not had hepatitis B vaccine despite their willingness. It therefore important to introduce the concept of vaccine confidence in the health science curriculum and emphasis should be made on the efficacy of vaccines. There is also a need to scale up hepatitis B vaccine coverage among students of health sciences.

REAL TIME RT-PCR ASSAY TO DETECT SARS-COV-2 IN THAILAND

The Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) conducts medical research and disease surveillance to develop and evaluate medical products, vaccines and diagnostics to protect Royal Thai Army personnel from infectious diseases. Currently regarding globalized travel, infectious diseases pose a constantly evolving threat, indiscriminately transcending national, regional and even intercontinental boundaries. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, AFRIMS has gained knowledge from diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a reference protocol. We set up and developed the molecular diagnosis detection for SARS-CoV-2, Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), to analyze the nucleocapsid (N) genome of SARS-CoV-2 which is a standardized method in the laboratory. AFRIMS is certified by the Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) as a COVID-19 laboratory network. We provided COVID-19 screening services to government units and private hospitals in late February 2020. It could be stated that AFRIMS is the first military unit to be certified by the MOPH. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started in Bangkok, 3,172 samples have been tested and 96 samples have been confirmed. Detecting viral RNA not only aids in the diagnosis of illness but also provides epidemiological and surveillance information.

Teologia Universalis: the academic contributions of the Faculty of Theology for Kastamonu University to the International Sciences

Before the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, from the medieval age, Madrasas and other Islamic educational institutions were well-known to be in process of their reformation and development activities in the last period of the Ottoman Era. Religious instruction was also held in those madrasas under some departments such as; 1- Department of Islamic (Shariah) Sciences, 2- Department of Law and Legal Sciences, 3- Department of Fünun (Science), 4- Department of Medical Sciences, 5- Department of Literary Sciences. That Dar al- Funun built in the 1908's Emrullah Efendi's Sharia Sciences (Ulum-ur Şer'iye) as Faculty of Theology in Turkey may be the first core fort his model. On March 3 1924, the Article of "Unification of Education" was issued out. With this constittutional article, a faculty of theology affiliated to Istanbul Darul Fünun was opened. The Faculty of Theology was closed in 1933 and soon after subsequently, the Institute of Islamic Studies was established in Istanbul however in 1936 this institute was closed as well. There has been experienced a dramatic process until 1949 when Ankara University has opended its doors to a newly founded Faculty of Theology. The Democrat Party, which came to power after the 1950 elections, opened Imam Hatip Schools (IHO) in the first year of its ruling times, as it promised for election periods, and this was followed by the opening of Islamic Institutes. In the following periods, schools and faculties providing many religious education were established. The Faculty of Theology belonged to Kastamonu University is one of these institutions. Although it is a newly established young faculty, it has achieved great success and made a fame and global name.&nbsp; In this article we will deal with its contributions to the global religious studies.&nbsp; Keywords: Religion, Religious Education, Faculty of Theology, Higher Religious Education, Democracy

Anniversary of RAS Academician Ivan Ivanovich Dedov

The Hero of Labor of the Russian Federation Ivan Ivanovich Dedov turned 80 on February 12! The Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences congratulates RAS Academician Ivan Ivanovich Dedov!

Effect of partially substituting wheat flour with fish bones powder on the properties and quality of noodles

Adding salmon (Salmo salar) fish bone powder (SBP), as a partial substitute for refined wheat flour in the production of fresh noodles, was developed as a method of utilizing a waste product from fish industry, reducing the use of wheat flour and enhancing the nutritional quality of the noodles. Refined wheat flour was partially substituted with salmon bone powder at 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% of refined wheat flour. The noodles, made from these combinations, were then tested for their color, cooking quality, texture, chemical, sensory properties and level of microorganism during storage. The results indicated that as the amount of salmon bone powder increased, the appearance became yellowish and darker, the elasticity and softness of the noodles were decreased.Cooking quality; cooking time and cooking yield decreased while cooking loss was increased. When the noodles made from 15% salmon bone powder plus 85% refined wheat flour were tested their moisture content, protein, total carbohydrate, fat and ash were 36.45, 3.34, 43.60, 3.34, 6.74 g/100g, respectively and their calcium content also progressively increased with increasing levels of salmon bone powder in the refined wheat flour. The calcium content from noodles made from 15% salmon bone powder plus 85% refined wheat flour was 1.84 g/100g. The sensory evaluation in terms of appearance, color, odor, elasticity, softness, smoothness, taste and overall acceptability showed that the cooked noodles containing 15% salmon bone powder had similar characteristics to cooked noodles made from 100% refined wheat flour. Levels of microorganism including total plate count, yeasts and molds remained low,while Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Samonella spp. were non-detected. All microorganism levels within acceptable levels and remained within criterion of microbiological quality standardization of foods and tableware announced by Department of Medical Science (No.3/2017) throughout the storage. Overall, the noodles retained acceptable quality for at least 9 days in refrigerator at 4±2oC.