Medical Research Division Research Articles

Endoscopic resection of benign breast tumors via a single axillary incision using the insufflation method: a preliminary summary report.

Clinicopathological data from 62 patients who underwent this procedure from June 2022 to July 2023 were retrospectively collected. The surgical success rate, number of tumors excised, operative time, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. A total of 144 benign tumors were resected, and the surgical success rate was 100% (62/62). The time required to resect tumors located in the inner quadrant with larger diameters was shorter than the time to resect tumors located in the outer quadrant with smaller tumors. Sixty-two patients experienced reduced intraoperative bleeding and did not experience skin burns, incision infections, or poor healing. However, all patients experienced varying degrees of subcutaneous emphysema during the postoperative period. Fourteen patients experienced minor local effusions, and 3 patients experienced mild upper limb dysfunction, which resolved within one month. During the six-month follow-up period, there were no cases of tumor recurrence or new tumors. The ABNSW score was above 14 points, and patient satisfaction was high. Endoscopic resection of benign breast tumors through a single incision in the axilla via the inflatable method could quickly remove lesions larger than 3.0cm. This method also results in hidden scars and good cosmetic effects on the shape of the breast. This is a new and effective treatment for benign breast tumors. This retrospective study was registered in the National Medical Research Registry filing system ( https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn ) (No. MR-44-22-007981) and recorded in the Medical Research Division of our hospital (No. NYXJS-22-021).

Concussive Brain Injury in the Military: September 2001 to the Present

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, 1,348,405 citizens have been deployed to combat in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn in Iraq, and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (OEF). During this same period 266,810 (20%) of these individuals have been diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The majority of these were Army soldiers, with 155,282 (58%) receiving the diagnosis. Mild TBI comprised 82% of the total, with the remainder being moderate to severe. Over this same period the Department of Defense (DoD) has invested $374.9 million to enhance access and quality of care services, including 57 TBI treatment centers in the combat theater and throughout the U.S. The Army's medical research division, the Medical Research and Material Command (MRMC), has invested an additional $700 million to TBI research during this time. The effort has faced a number of challenges, including limited human subject basic and translational research, limited epidemiological data on combat-related injuries, limited capacity and standards for data acquisition, and a lack of standardized evidenced-based protocols for treatment. All these areas have undergone significant growth and development, leading to the comprehensive system of care present today. A further challenge in this patient population has been the clinical co-morbidity of TBI, post-traumatic stress disorder, and chronic pain syndrome. The Army and the DoD have created treatment programs that are interdisciplinary in clinical approach, targeting particular neuropsychological domains of dysfunction rather than diagnostic category or etiology of injury. This article presents the history of this effort, the challenges to accurate and adequate diagnosis and care that remain, and the future of brain injury clinical and research efforts in the military.

Modulation of Gene Expression in the Liver of Mice 48-H Post-Treatment with Ccl4

Background and Aim: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been widely used to study mechanisms of hepatic injury and repair following toxic induced injury. This study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in gene expression in hepatocyte of injured liver of mice 48-h post-treatment with CCl4. Methods: Twelve adult male wild type mice were used in this experiment. The mice were fasted overnight and classified into two groups , (six mice each ) the first group received in the following morning 4 ml/kg Olive oil, while the second group was received 8 ml/kg CCl4 (50% in olive oil) by gavages. After 48-h, the mice were anesthetized and killed to obtain blood and excise the liver. Gene’s expression analysis in the liver tissue was carried out using cDNA microarray technique. Serum liver function tests, histopathological , histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations were also done. Results: Serum transaminases (AST and ALT) activities exhibited significant increase with the induced hepatic pathological changes included typical inflammation and necrosis observed in CCl4-treated mice. The cDNA microarrays analysis revealed that 63 genes have clearly changed their levels of expression. Of these, 37 genes were up-regulated and 26 genes were down-regulated. Of the up-regulated genes were ribosomal, transcription, stress, proteolysis and peptidolysis encoded proteins. The most interesting up-regulated gene is metallothionine-1 gene which was observed by microarry and immunohistochemistry techniques. On the other hand, the down-regulated genes encoded proteins for xenobiotic metabolism, detoxification, lipid metabolism and hormones proteins. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that changes in gene expression profile correlate with the biochemical and pathological alterations in the liver in response to CCl4 intoxication and most of them can be related to CCl4 mechanism of toxicity. However, the majority of the up-regulated genes are occurred in ribosomal protein. Furthermore, Mt-1 can be used as a biological marker for CCl4 toxicity. Modulation of Gene Expression in the Liver of Mice 48-H Post-Treatment with Ccl4 Karam Mahdy1, Abdel-Razik Farrag2 and Sonya El-Sharkawy2 Medical Biochemistry1 and Pathology2 Departments Medical Research Division, NRC, Egypt doi:10.4172/2155-9929.1000055

Susceptibility of Anaerobes in Phase 3 Clinical Studies of Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Journal Article Susceptibility of Anaerobes in Phase 3 Clinical Studies of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Get access N. V. Jacobus, N. V. Jacobus From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Reprints or correspondence: Nilda V. Jacobus, Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories (200/3301A), Pearl River, New York 10965. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. W. Immermann, F. W. Immermann From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. M. Gupte, J. M. Gupte From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. T. Testa R. T. Testa From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue Supplement_4, June 1993, Pages S344–S348, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/16.Supplement_4.S344 Published: 01 June 1993

Heparin-binding growth factors exhibit differential affinities for B/A4 amyloid-containing structures in Alzhiemer's disease: ∗E.G. Stopa, A. Baird, A.M. Gonzalez, V. Kuo-Leblanc, R.C. Corona, I. Kovesdi, and P. Bohlen. Departments of Pathology, SUNY-HSC, Syracuse and Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Growth Biology, The Whittier Institute, La Jolla, CA, Brain Tissue Resource Ctr., McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA

This chapter discusses the phospholipid transfer proteins from yeast. Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, contains at least two cytosolic proteins, which catalyze transport of phospholipids between natural membranes and phospholipid vesicles in vitro. One protein is specific for phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and closely resembles Ptdlns-transfer protein from mammalian tissues with respect to size, isoelectric point, substrate specificity, and inhibition by negatively charged phospholipids. The second yeast phospholipid transfer protein has a broad substrate specificity in that it catalyzes preferentially the transfer ofphosphatidylserine (PtdSer) as well as phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, and ergosterol. In contrast to the mammalian nonspecific lipid transfer protein, the yeast protein does not mediate intermembrane movement of PtdIns or PtdCho. Yeast is considered a useful biological model to study the role of proteins in vivo by a combination of biochemical and molecular genetics techniques. Recent experiments have revealed that the PtdIns transfer protein is essential for cellular growth, and it is identical to the SEC 14 gene product which is part of the protein secretory machinery and acts in the Golgi complex.

High efficiency gene transfer into mammalian cells by a double transfection protocol.

Journal Article High efficiency gene transfer into mamalian cells by a double transfection protocol Get access Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Yoshihiro Ishikawa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles J. Homcy Charles J. Homcy 1Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia UniversityNew York, NY 10032 and Medical Research Division of American Cyanamid CompanyPearl River, NY 10965, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 16, 25 August 1992, Page 4367, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.16.4367 Published: 25 August 1992 Article history Received: 03 July 1992 Published: 25 August 1992

AIDS Vaccine Meeting: International Trials Soon

400 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) vaccine researchers and policy-makers met 15-19 October 1991 in Marco Island Florida to discuss plans for clinical trials of AIDS vaccines. 3 major health research institutions plan to begin testing vaccines: World Health Organization in Rwanda Uganda Brazil and Thailand; the U.S. Armys medical research division in Thailand and the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID in Zaire. 9 vaccines have already been tried in Phase I clinical trials for safety and an immune response. Conferees realize that plans for trials should be accelerated because HIV is spreading rapidly but also vaccine experiments are proving more promising than anticipated. A whole killed simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine and several genetically engineered HIV fragments have given hopeful results in primate experiments. Planners also realize that it will take until 1995 at least before any results of actual clinical trials will be available. The existing rate of spread of seropositivity in the test areas must be documented vaccines selected based on the endemic HIV strains in the area pilot trials must be mounted then actual trials completed. The consensus is that existing vaccines should be tested now while research on more perfect vaccines progresses.

Pharmaceutical Industry Commission, Government Agencies Seek to Expedite New Addiction Therapy

THE PHARMACEUTICAL industry has formed an eight-member Commission on Medicine for Treating Drug Dependence and Abuse to work with government agencies in expediting promising pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of addiction. It is chaired by Harry M. Meyer, Jr, MD, president, Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Wayne, NJ. Frederick K. Goodwin, MD, administrator, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Rockville, Md, points to what he calls virtual explosion of knowledge in the understanding of neurochemical mechanisms of behavior. What has been called the psychopharmacological revolution permits us to target therapeutic compounds with ever-increasing specificity, he says. We have advanced from relying on the observations of drug effects on a particular condition to a capacity to rationally design compounds that will redress the specific neurochemical deficiencies associated with illnesses such as addiction, Goodwin says. The commission's goals, as Goodwin sees them, are to discover possibly effective agents that

Change + Communication = Challenge [L] (Magagment of New Drug Development)

AbstractTo adapt to the challenges of rapidly changing global regulatory, technical and economic environments, pharmaceutical R&D organizations are combining classical project management principles and drug development teams.Several recent drug development successes in the Medical Research Division of American Cyanamid are the direct result of the clear definition of global project objectives, goals and strategies (project management) and a global team structure (development teams) to support the management of these projects.

Development of mitoxantrone

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) belongs to a new structural class of antineoplastic agents, the anthracenediones. It was the outcome of a program in synthetic chemistry, at the Medical Research Division of the American Cyanamid Company, which started from a molecule with structural features predicted to favor intercalation with double stranded DNA. The initial lead compound had immunomodulatory effects and was subsequently found also to possess significant activity against transplantable murine tumors. A large series of analogues was synthesized and mitoxantrone was selected for clinical trial on the basis of its potency and excellent antitumor activity in mice. It is a cytotoxic agent that will kill both proliferating and non-proliferating cells. A variety of experiments conducted with both intact cells and cell-free systems have revealed mitoxantrone's ability to bind to single stranded and double stranded RNA and DNA. The drug inhibits cellular RNA and DNA synthesis to about the same extent and causes chromosomal aberrations. In vivo experiments using murine models have demonstrated good activity for mitoxantrone against a variety of transplantable tumors including both leukemias and solid types, in many cases giving putative cures. Surprisingly, it is effective when given up to 30 days before tumor implantation. Combination studies with standard anticancer agents gave evidence of therapeutic synergy in a number of cases. Preclinical studies in several animal models indicate that mitoxantrone does not have the cumulative cardiotoxic liability associated with anthracycline antibiotics such as doxorubicin.

Suspected poisoning in children. Study of the incidence of true poisoning and poisoning scare in a defined population in North East Bristol.

The distinction between true and suspected poisoning in children has not been made clear in previous work on childhood poisoning. A study of suspected poisoning in children under 15 years of age in a defined population of North East Bristol from November 1970 to July 1973 carried out by the Health Education Council Medical Research Division included 53,000 child-years at risk. The number of suspected poisonings was 3-4/1000 population aged under 15 years per year, with a higher incidence in younger age groups. Detailed investigation of the circumstances of the accidents carried out by a multidisciplinary team showed that at least 65%, and possibly as many as 78% were poisoning scares and not true poisoning. The evidence used by the casualty doctor and by the parents to diagnose poisoning was explored, and in many cases was circumstantial. Children with fathers in nonmanual occupations were over-represented. This may reflect differences in patterns of utilization behaviour rather than true differences in incidence.

The effect of dihydroergotoxin, phentolamine and pindolol on catecholamine-stimulated adenylcyclase in rat cerebral cortex

FEBS LettersVolume 55, Issue 1-2 p. 275-277 Full-length articleFree Access The effect of dihydroergotoxin, phentolamine and pindolol on catecholamine-stimulated adenylcyclase in rat cerebral cortex R. Markstein, R. Markstein Biological and Medical Research Division, SANDOZ Ltd., Basel SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorH. Wagner, H. Wagner Biological and Medical Research Division, SANDOZ Ltd., Basel SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this author R. Markstein, R. Markstein Biological and Medical Research Division, SANDOZ Ltd., Basel SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorH. Wagner, H. Wagner Biological and Medical Research Division, SANDOZ Ltd., Basel SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 15, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(75)81010-6Citations: 13AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. References 1 J.P. Perkins, M.M. Moore, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 185, (1973), 371– 378. 2 G.C. Palmer, F. Sulser, G.A. Robison, Neuropharmacology, 13, (1973), 327– 337. 3 A. Kalisker, C.O. Rutledge, J.P. Perkins, Mol. Pharmacol., 9, (1973), 619– 629. 4 P. Skolnick, J.W. Daly, Science, 184, (1974), 175– 177. 5 J. Forn, G. Krishna, Pharmacology, 5, (1971), 193– 204. 6 H. Shimizu, S. Tanaka, T. Suzuki, Y. Matsukado, J. Neurochem, 18, (1971), 1157– 1161. 7 F. Berti, M. Trabucchi, V. Bernareggi, R. Fumagalli, Advan. Biosci., 9, (1973), 475– 480. 8 H.U. Fisch, V. Pliska, R. Schwyzer, Eur. J. Biochem., 30, (1972), 1– 6. Citing Literature Volume55, Issue1-2July 15, 1975Pages 275-277 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Bathroom gas water heaters and the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning

A number of cases of carbon monoxide poisoning accidents in bathrooms indicated the need to investigate the performance of the bathroom gas water heater and the behaviour of the bathroom user. This paper describes an exploratory study of these aspects in North-East Bristol involving members of the Health Education Council's Medical Research Division and staff of the South Western Gas Board. The results indicate that in the representative sample of 66 heaters a concentration of 1 % or more of carbon monoxide could be detected in the flue gases of 13% of the cases, and 12% produced toxic room atmospheres, i.e. CO ≥500 ppm. Prolonged exposure to these concentra tions of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere represent a danger to the bathroom user. The awareness of the bathroom user of the dangers asso ciated with gas water heaters in bathrooms, which are implicit in the recommendations laid down by the Gas Board for safe behaviour, is discussed. Results suggest that over one third of the users have a poor understanding of the relevant dangers.

THE EFFECT OF A LARGE DOSE OF ATROPINE UPON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROUTINE TASKS

Medical Research Division, Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England

Dosage Forms of Digitoxin

Letters and Comments1 July 1970Dosage Forms of DigitoxinG. C. CHIU, M.D.G. C. CHIU, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-144_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article entitled "An Improved Method of Digitoxin Therapy" (Ann Intern Med72: 453-464, 1970), Jelliffe and co-workers stated under Dosage Forms of Digitoxin (p. 461): "Current tablets of digitoxin are restricted to 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg." Actually, digitoxin tablets, U.S.P., have also been available since 1948 in the strength of 0.05 mg. (Tablets Crystodigin®, No. 1736). Furthermore, these tablets are scored so that they can be readily broken into halves.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Research Division The Lilly Research Laboratories Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1Page: 144-144 Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...

More on CBW

Letters and Comments1 April 1970More on CBWALFRED J. DANIELS, MCALFRED J. DANIELS, MCSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-4-605 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am a physician currently stationed at Edgewood Arsenal, the Army's chemical warfare center. 1 wish to congratulate you on your courageous and forthright editorial on chemical and biological warfare in the July 1969 issue of the ANNALS. I would like to add a few comments.Most physicians here feel that CBW research is unethical to one degree or another—most refuse to administer toxic agents to volunteers, as no humane purpose could possibly be served. A few feel differently: One researcher termed your editorial, "Well written and expressing familiar arguments," adding, "It is indeed regrettable for scientists... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Clinical Research Laboratories Medical Research Division Edgewood Arsenal, Md. 21010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1970Volume 72, Issue 4Page: 605-605KeywordsScientistsToxic agents Issue Published: 1 April 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...

The neuroanatomical basis for denervation of the urinary bladder following major pelvic surgery

Journal Article The neuroanatomical basis for denervation of the urinary bladder following major pelvic surgery Get access P H Smith, P H Smith Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B Ballantyne B Ballantyne Ministry of Defence, Medical Research Division, Chemical Defence Research Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 55, Issue 12, December 1968, Pages 929–933, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800551212 Published: 06 December 2005

Equations for excretion rate and renal clearances of exogenous substances not actively reabsorbed.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and The Journal of New DrugsVolume 7, Issue 2 p. 89-92 Equations for Excretion Rate and Renal Clearances of Exogenous Substances Not Actively Reabsorbed JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D., JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D. Kalamazoo, Mich. Dr. Wagner is a member of the Medical Research Division, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.Search for more papers by this author JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D., JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D. Kalamazoo, Mich. Dr. Wagner is a member of the Medical Research Division, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.Search for more papers by this author First published: March‐April 1967 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1967.tb00291.xCitations: 5 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume7, Issue2March‐April 1967Pages 89-92 RelatedInformation

Drug Accumulation

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and The Journal of New DrugsVolume 7, Issue 2 p. 84-88 Drug Accumulation JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D., JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D. Kalamazoo, Mich. Dr. Wagner is a member of the Medical Research Division, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.Search for more papers by this author JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D., JOHN G. WAGNER Ph.D. Kalamazoo, Mich. Dr. Wagner is a member of the Medical Research Division, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.Search for more papers by this author First published: March‐April 1967 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1967.tb00290.xCitations: 20 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume7, Issue2March‐April 1967Pages 84-88 RelatedInformation

Occupational Medicine Research

Dr. Gerarde is with the Medical Research Division, Esso Research and Engineering Company, Linden, N. J., and the Bureau of Biological Research, Rutgers The State University, New Brunswick, N. J.