Medical Experience Research Articles

Research on the Development and Challenges of Remote Medical Service Models in the Medical Digital Economy

With the rapid development of the digital economy, the remote medical service model is undergoing unprecedented profound changes. This change is not only reflected in the continuous innovation of technology, such as the wide application of advanced technologies such as the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, but it also involves the comprehensive upgrading of medical service concepts, models, and management systems. In the context of the medical digital economy, remote medical services have gradually become an important component of medical services due to their unique advantages, such as cross- regional and efficient convenience, bringing patients a more convenient and efficient medical experience. While remote medical services are rapidly developing, they also face many challenges. Information security issues, technological ethical dilemmas, and uneven service quality are all urgent problems that need to be addressed in the current development of remote medical services. These issues are not only related to the sustainable development of remote medical services but also directly affect the vital interests of patients. This article aims to explore in depth the current development status of remote medical service models under the background of the medical digital economy, comprehensively analyze the challenges they face, and propose corresponding response strategies. We hope that this study can provide useful references for the sustainable development of remote medical services, promote their better service to the health needs of patients, optimize the allocation of medical resources, and comprehensively improve the quality of medical services.

Impact of Discharge Planning Combined with "Internet Home Ostomy Care Platform'' in Patients with Permanent Colostomy after Rectal Cancer Surgery.

Patients with permanent colostomy need continuous nursing management measures. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of discharge planning combined with "Internet home ostomy care platform'' on post-discharge complications, self-management abilities, quality of life, and satisfaction of patients with permanent colostomy after rectal cancer surgery. This retrospective analysis included 72 rectal cancer patients who underwent permanent colostomy in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between January 2021 and December 2021. Patients receiving routine nursing management were included in the control group (n = 36), and those receiving discharge planning combined with "Internet home ostomy care platform'' were included in the study group (n = 36). We collected baseline data, complication rate, self-management behavior questionnaire for Chinese enterostomy patients (SBQ-CEP), and Chinese version of the City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy Questionnaire (COH-QOL-OQ) and Medical Experience Scale for Outpatient Care of Enterostomy (MES-OCE) score. The complication rate, self-management ability, quality of life, and satisfaction of the two groups were statistically compared and analyzed. The study group demonstrated significantly higher medical compliance behavior, dietary behavior, symptom management behavior, psychosocial behavior, information management behavior scores, and SBQ-CEP total scores compared to the control group six months after discharge (p < 0.05). However, the study group showed a significantly lower incidence of complications than the control group at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after discharge (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study group demonstrated significantly lower psychological well-being, physical well-being, spiritual well-being, social well-being scores, and COH-QOL-OQ total scores compared to the control group 6 months after discharge (p < 0.05). Additionally, the study group indicated significantly higher environment and process, service attitude, health guidance, diagnosis and treatment effect, overall evaluation of treatment experience scores, and MES-OCE total scores compared to the control group 6 months after discharge (p < 0.05). Discharge planning combined with "Internet home ostomy care platform'' can effectively reduce the risk of complications in patients with permanent colostomy after rectal cancer surgery. It improves patients' self-management abilities, quality of life, and satisfaction. This finding provides an ongoing guarantee for the quality of rehabilitation at home for patients with permanent colostomy.

Relationship between anal condyloma and colorectal cancer

Introduction: anal dysplasia associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) 1 represents 95 % of confirmed cases of anal cancer, while the relationship between anal carcinoma and persistent manifestations of HPV reaches 84 % in high-risk serotypes.Objective: to determine the relationship that exists in oncological complications with anal condyloma infection.Method: an observational study was carried out where, based on the hypothesis of medical experience, a theory is established that is sought to be verified by observing interview data and sample results. The main search sources for this study have been official scientific pages and academic sources of medical examination. For the realization of this study, the data from the office and surgery of Dr. Esteban Grzone have been required.Results: 34 % of the patients evaluated had previously had a colonoscopy, 30 % were associated with promiscuity, 97 % of the patients had had anal sex in a passive/recessive role, 82 % reported using a barrier method, 80 % of the patients evaluated reported living with an HIV+ patient, 41 % of the patients evaluated reported having had anal warts at some point in their life.Conclusions: an association between anal condyloma and colorectal cancer is suggested but a definitive causal relationship has not been established. Therefore, this relationship is complex and requires further research, although the evidence is still limited, it is necessary to be aware of and take preventive measures

Prevalence of reproductive health and rights and medical experiences of unplanned pregnancy in Japanese people

Prevalence of reproductive health and rights and medical experiences of unplanned pregnancy in Japanese people

A Qualitative Study on Perspectives of Parkinson's Disease Medications: Insights from Patient Focus Groups.

Medication is an important component of the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet few studies investigate factors that inform medication decision-making from the perspective of those who use these therapies. This qualitative study aimed to better understand the medication experiences and perspectives of people with PD (PwPD). Thirty-two PwPD recruited from five large movement disorder clinics from five US states participated in 1-hour on-line focus groups in 2022. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four primary themes (subthemes in parentheses) emerged concerning PD medications: (1) medication effectiveness (uncertainty, inconsistent effects, adjusting expectations); (2) medication burden (morning doses, timing challenges, constant reminder); (3) side effects (toleration, treatment, confusion with disease symptoms); and (4) preferences/requests (important attributes, therapy advancement). This study identified four core dimensions associated with PD medications from the perspective of PwPD. Results indicate the need for enhanced communication between providers and patients regarding PD medication to reduce the uncertainties and burden associated with PD medication regimens and promote better health outcomes for PwPD.

Utilization of Microsoft HoloLens Augmented Reality Technology in Health Care Virtual Simulation

This article investigated the application of Microsoft HoloLens augmented reality technology in Health Care virtual simulation. By designing a virtual simulation system based on HoloLens, it was proved that this technology provided a more realistic and intuitive medical experience, and helped doctors and medical students better understand and master medical operation skills. In addition, the technology was also simulated and trained before surgery to reduce surgical risks and improve surgical success rates. The results of this study showed that the reliability of using HoloLens augmented reality technology in Health Care virtual simulation could reach up to 93%, which had a positive promoting effect on the improvement of medical education and surgical quality.

Evaluation of Difference in Emergency Care Quality by Years of Physician Experience at the Emergency Department.

To evaluate the effect of emergency medicine training credentials and years of medical experience on various clinical parameters in emergency medicine practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Juntendo University Nerima Hospital between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020. All patients who were transported by ambulance, were examined by emergency physicians, and underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the emergency department were included. For these cases, data on the attending physician's qualification status and experience (specialist, nonspecialist with 1-2 years of experience, or nonspecialist with 3-4 years of experience), clinical parameters, and imaging were collected. The primary outcome was the patient's total length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department. A total of 3,784 patients were included in the study. Patients attended by nonspecialists with 1-2 years of experience had a significantly longer time from arrival to assessment and LOS, especially in mild and severe cases and cases requiring head and abdominal CT imaging. Our findings suggest that for physicians with minimal work experience, mentorship and effective training using triage flow and medical examination protocols may help to reduce LOS in the emergency department.

Review of Eye Diseases Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning Techniques

Automated diagnosis of eye diseases using machine and deep learning models has become increasingly popular. Glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, Myopia, and age-related macular degeneration are common eye diseases that can cause severe damage. It is crucial to detect eye diseases early to prevent any potentially serious consequences. Early detection of eye disease is vital for effective treatment. Doing in-depth reading to identify any potential signs of eye disease is highly recommended. This paper will review all machine learning models built to detect and classify eye diseases in addition to helping grasp all limitations and challenges in this field. Recognizing eye diseases is a difficult task that typically requires several years of medical experience. This research is to be conducted to serve as a starting point for finding the most versatile solution. This research aims to review eye disease classification using deep learning models, including VGG16, ResNet, and Inception. The general classification model consists of these steps: The first step is to collect the globally obtainable datasets for the eye disease and pre-process them to ensure the generalization of experiments. The goal is to train the model to recognize disease symptoms instead of tweaking the outcomes for a specific dataset section. With the successful deployment of deep learning techniques for image classification and object recognition, research is now directed towards deep learning techniques instead of traditional handcrafted methods. One possible solution for the eye diseases classification challenge is to use a pre-trained deep CNN model for representation and feature extraction. This solution can be followed by classifier methods, such as support vector machines (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), etc. It has been detected that CNN-based methods learned on large-scale marked datasets can be used for eye disease classification tasks with limited training datasets.

Online Support Community Building: An Interpersonal Pragmatic Study of Medical Sharing Discourse

The online support community is composed of netizens who have experienced shared stressful events or diseases. Few studies have focused on the mechanism of online community maintenance and construction. New rapport management model, as the frontier theory of interpersonal pragmatics, can avoid the limited coverage of linguistic evidence in sociological or communication approach. Medical sharing discourse is the true-life recording of personal medical experience in online community. As a new type of health discourse, it has become the main source for Chinese people to attain medical information. With complex interactive roles and special interpersonal contexts, it can best reflect interlocutors’ awareness of community building. Based on new rapport management model, this study focuses on the medical sharing discourse in China’s biggest online community Red Booklet. The discourse model and its interpersonal function in community maintenance will be elaborated in detail. Results show that bloggers have specific language selection in five language domains. Bloggers’ proper manipulation of interests, emotion, face, rights and obligations and communicative objectives in interaction contributes to the construction of online community.

Unannounced phone-based pill counts for monitoring antiretroviral medication adherence in South Africa

Background Unannounced phone-based pill counts (UPC) are an objective measure of medication adherence that may be used in resource limited settings. The current study reports the feasibility and validity of UPC for monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among people living with HIV in South Africa. People living with HIV (N = 434) in an economically impoverished township and receiving ART for at least 3-months completed: two UPC in a one-month period; measures of clinic and medication experiences; and provided blood samples for HIV viral load and CD4 testing. Analyses compared two methods for managing values of over-dosing (> 100%), specifically censoring values to 100% (> 100% = 100%) vs. subtracting over-dosing from two months of perfect adherence (200% - > 100% value). Results Findings showed that two UPC calls were successfully completed with 91% of participants in a one-month period. The average number of call attempts needed to reach participants was 2.4. Results showed that lower UPC adherence was significantly associated with male gender, alcohol use, higher HIV viral loads, lower CD4 cell counts, running out of ART, and intentionally not taking ART. Comparisons of methods for adjusting over-dosing found subtraction yielding a better representation of the data than censoring. Conclusions UPC were demonstrated feasible and valid with patients receiving ART in a resource limited setting and offers a viable method for objectively measuring ART adherence in these settings.

Clinical educators of the medical colleges of South Asia need to be trained for educating clinical reasoning skills to medical students

Clinical reasoning is the process of reasoning to decide for managing the patient using data and applying medical knowledge and experience. Clinical reasoning skills are essential skills for the novice learner of medical education to learn the process of clinical diagnosis, thereby providing safe and effectual health care. These skills learning help clinicians arrive at a diagnosis and prevent making diagnostic errors which are reported to occur in five to 15% of cases. Poor clinical reasoning leads to a diagnostic error which may jeopardize the patient’s safety. The clinical reasoning skills are not generally explicitly imparted to the learners especially during their undergraduate learning period even though these may be documented in the curriculum of medical undergraduate study. The key elements in the clinical reasoning process are the patients’ story, data acquisition, problem representation, hypothesis generation, search and selection of illness script, differential diagnosis, and a leading diagnosis. Clinical reasoning is a complex process, difficult to teach learners and assess their skills, consumes clinical medical educators’ time, and requires resources for teaching and learning. There must be educational strategies both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels to promote diagnostic reasoning skills; for this, clinical medical educators must be acquainted/trained in how to convey the reasoning approaches to beginners. The clinical medical educator has to a play dual role; provide quality care to the patients, teach clinical reasoning skills to the learners, and assess their skills to make them independent decision-makers and problem solvers in clinical settings. Clinical reasoning skills are among the core competencies to be learned by medical learners to become competent clinicians. The clinical competence of the clinician cannot be superseded by the advancement of technology and evidence-based medicine. All these three need to be integrated to minimize the errors in diagnosis. Clinical educators must unequivocally nurture and enhance the capacity of learners to include and integrate both analytical and non-analytical clinical reasoning strategies into their approach to arrive at diagnosis. The clinical medical educator must identify the learners’ approach to clinical reasoning and enable them to follow the right approaches towards clinical reasoning. Clinical reasoning skills are better learned/imparted during clinical encounters and deliberate practice enriches learning of these skills. Enhancement of clinical reasoning skills learning can be achieved through deliberate practice. The clinical medical educator may organize and supervise the simulation-based deliberate practice sessions for the learners to boost their clinical reasoning skills. For the deliberate practice of clinical reasoning skills, The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) has developed an application NEJM Healer, a screen-based interactive patient encounter (Virtual Bedside Encounter) through which learners are involved in each element of clinical reasoning process. Virtual Reality (VR) is also gaining popularity in educating the medical students and has been demonstrated to be beneficial in enhancing students’ comprehension and memory as well as in the development of transferable skills like surgical methods. The medical schools in South Asian countries need to reiterate the development/enhancement of clinical reasoning skills of both medical undergraduate and postgraduate learners. To achieve this objective, medical colleges must regularly organize training for clinical medical educators to facilitate students’ learning in reasoning skills, and for assessing their skills, and provide feedback to the learners. The institutes should also invest in infrastructure to pursue the use of modern technologies like VR, skills labs, etc. to attain this objective.

Restless Sleep Disorder as a New Primary Sleep Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Restless sleep is a frequent complaint clinically and often associated with specific sleep or medical conditions. Recently, restless sleep disorder (RSD) has been identified as a new pediatric sleep disorder with core features of restless sleep and frequent large muscle movements during sleep, which are not explained by other conditions. Based on the medical literature and expert clinical experience, the task force developed a consensus diagnostic criteria for RSD and scoring large muscle group movements in children aged 6–18 years. Eight essential criteria of RSD include a complaint of restless sleep, observed large body movements during sleep, video-polysomnographic documentation of ≥5 large body movements/hour, occurrence at least thrice weekly for at least 3 months, clinically significant impairment, and differentiation from other conditions that may secondarily cause restless sleep. There is evidence to support a pathophysiology based on iron deficiency, sleep instability, and increased sympathetic activation, and treatment options include oral or intravenous iron supplementation. This review describes the key features of RSD, potential pathophysiology, and current treatment options to help diagnose patients with RSD, which has been overlooked.

Minoxidil Associated Pleural and Pericardial Effusion in Patient on Hemodialysis

Minoxidil is a medication used to treat hypertension by directly dilating the arteries. However, about 3% of patients who take this medication experience pericardial effusion, which can lead to large pleural effusions and may require pleuro pericardiocentesis. In rare cases, patients may develop seroconstrictive pericarditis. This report describes an elderly woman who developed seroconstrictive pericardial effusion and bilateral pleural effusion seven months after taking minoxidil therapy. It has also been reported that minoxidil used in dialysis patients can cause large-volume pleuro pericardial effusions, leading to seroconstrictive pericardial effusion and anasarca, which is not common. Therefore, if a patient is on dialysis and minoxidil and they have a pleural or pericardial effusion that is unresponsive to ultrafiltration, there is a possibility of minoxidil-associated polyserositis. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of this potential adverse effect, as prompt discontinuation of the drug can save lives.

Integrative Palliative Care for End-Stage Patients

Integrative palliative care is the early intervention of palliative medicine for the patients with serious illness,jointly providing care with the patients' primary care team.By literature review and real-life experience study,we conclude that the integrative palliative care can make effective use of existing healthcare resources and provide the original treatment team with palliative medical technical support,thereby improving the patients' quality of life.The healthcare institutions need to choose an appropriate care model on the basis of evaluating its own strengths and weaknesses.The palliative care team needs to establish a long-term and sustainable relationship with each department in the hospital to provide patients with a safer and more effective medical experience.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Approach: A Medical Complex Experience.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach aimed at reducing organ failure and mitigating stress reactions in surgery patients. This investigation sought to assess available data concerning the benefits of ERAS protocols in improving patient outcomes for individuals undergoing significant colorectal surgery. The study involved 65 patients who underwent colectomy and lower anterior resection for rectal cancers. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 comprised 22 patients enrolled retrospectively who received the traditional protocol; Group 2 consisted of 20 patients enrolled prospectively who received the ERAS protocol; and Group 3 included 23 patients enrolled retrospectively who received the ERAS protocol. Each patient underwent a comprehensive history, physical examination, laboratory testing, computed tomography, MRI, and chest radiography. Hospital stay durations were significantly shorter in both ERAS groups during the first and second cycles compared to the non-ERAS group (P<0.001, <0.001), with no significant difference between ERAS groups in either cycle. Delayed intestinal motility was significantly more pronounced in the non-ERAS group compared to ERAS groups in both cycles (P=0.005), with only five (22.7%) cases reported in the non-ERAS group. ERAS implementation in the perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients is associated with improved outcomes and shorter recovery times. Implementation of ERAS in hospitals is feasible and beneficial.

Oral Administration of Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Future Perspectives.

Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to ignite both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal tiers, thereby potentially bolstering vaccine efficacy comprehensively and durably. Notwithstanding this, the deployment of vaccines through the oral route in a clinical context is impeded by multifaceted challenges, predominantly stemming from the intricacy of orchestrating effective oral immunogenicity and necessitating strategic navigation through gastrointestinal barriers. Based on the immunogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract, this review critically analyses the challenges and recent advances and provides insights into the future development of oral cancer vaccines.

“What’s Next in My Arc of Development?”: An Exploratory Study of What Medical Students Need to Care for Patients of Different Backgrounds

Phenomenon Medical schools must equip future physicians to provide equitable patient care. The best approach, however, is mainly dependent on a medical school’s context. Graduating students from our institution have reported feeling ill-equipped to care for patients from “different backgrounds” on the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Graduation Questionnaire. We explored how medical students interpret “different patient backgrounds” and what they need to feel prepared to care for diverse patients. Approach We conducted an exploratory qualitative case study using focus groups with 11, Year 2 (MS2) and Year 4 (MS4) medical students at our institution. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. We used Bobbie Harro’s cycles of socialization and liberation to understand how the entire medical school experience, not solely the curriculum, informs how medical students learn to interact with all patients. Findings We organized our findings into four major themes to characterize students’ medical education experience when learning to care for patients of different backgrounds: (1) Understandings of different backgrounds (prior to medical school); (2) Admissions process; (3) Curricular socialization; and (4) Co-curricular (or environmental) socialization. We further divided themes 2, 3, and 4 into two subthemes when learning how to care for patients of different backgrounds: (a) the current state and (b) proposed changes. We anticipate that following the proposed changes will help students feel more prepared to care for patients of differing backgrounds. Insights Our findings show that preparing medical students to care for diverse patient populations requires a multitude of intentional changes throughout medical students’ education. Using Harro’s cycles of socialization and liberation as an analytic lens, we identified multiple places throughout medical students’ educational experience that are barriers to learning how to care for diverse populations. We propose changes within medical students’ education that build upon each other to adequately prepare students to care for patients of diverse backgrounds. Each proposed change culminates into a systemic shift within an academic institution and requires an intentional commitment by administration, faculty, admissions, curriculum, and student affairs.

Medical Student Experiences and Perceptions of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence: Cross-Sectional Study.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned, taught, and practiced, and medical education must prepare learners for these inevitable changes. Academic medicine has, however, been slow to embrace recent AI advances. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has emerged as a fast and user-friendly large language model that can assist health care professionals, medical educators, students, trainees, and patients. While many studies focus on the technology's capabilities, potential, and risks, there is a gap in studying the perspective of end users. The aim of this study was to gauge the experiences and perspectives of graduating medical students on ChatGPT and AI in their training and future careers. A cross-sectional web-based survey of recently graduated medical students was conducted in an international academic medical center between May 5, 2023, and June 13, 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate variable frequencies. Of 325 applicants to the residency programs, 265 completed the survey (an 81.5% response rate). The vast majority of respondents denied using ChatGPT in medical school, with 20.4% (n=54) using it to help complete written assessments and only 9.4% using the technology in their clinical work (n=25). More students planned to use it during residency, primarily for exploring new medical topics and research (n=168, 63.4%) and exam preparation (n=151, 57%). Male students were significantly more likely to believe that AI will improve diagnostic accuracy (n=47, 51.7% vs n=69, 39.7%; P=.001), reduce medical error (n=53, 58.2% vs n=71, 40.8%; P=.002), and improve patient care (n=60, 65.9% vs n=95, 54.6%; P=.007). Previous experience with AI was significantly associated with positive AI perception in terms of improving patient care, decreasing medical errors and misdiagnoses, and increasing the accuracy of diagnoses (P=.001, P<.001, P=.008, respectively). The surveyed medical students had minimal formal and informal experience with AI tools and limited perceptions of the potential uses of AI in health care but had overall positive views of ChatGPT and AI and were optimistic about the future of AI in medical education and health care. Structured curricula and formal policies and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical learners for the forthcoming integration of AI in medicine.

Graduating Medical Students' Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Their Medical School Experiences and Preparation for Careers as Physicians: A National Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented changes to the medical education learning environment. The graduating class of 2021 was particularly affected. To better understand how students were affected, the authors explored positive and negative experiences described by graduating U.S. medical students. Using the conceptual framework of affordances, the authors examined narrative responses to 2 new open-ended questions on the Association of American Medical Colleges 2021 Graduation Questionnaire in which graduating students described the pandemic's positive and negative effects on their medical school experiences and career preparation. Conventional content analysis was used to identify affordances and themes in responses. Of 16,611 Graduation Questionnaire respondents, 8,926 (54%) provided narrative responses. Of these 8,926 respondents, responses from 2,408 students (27%) were analyzed. Students described positive and negative perceptions of affordances, centering around virtual learning, social connection, and transition to residency. Fewer in-person and increased virtual clinical rotations offered students flexible scheduling, allowing them greater opportunity to explore academic and professional interests. Additionally, students' sense of isolation from their medical school was alleviated when schools exercised intentional open communication and student involvement in decision-making. Although many described a diminished sense of preparedness for residency due to limited access to in-person clinical experiences and to assessing residencies largely through virtual away rotations and interviews, the sense of community, adaptability, and resiliency gained through varied activities reinforced students' professional identity and commitment to medicine during a time of much uncertainty. This national exploration of students' pandemic experiences highlights what students value as fundamental elements of medical education and student support and describes how innovation can improve long-standing practices. These findings, guided by students' insights, can help inform the work of educational leaders as they consider which innovations should remain to continue enhancing student learning, engagement, and well-being.

Health and social care experience and research perception of different ethnic minority populations in the East Midlands, United Kingdom (REPRESENT study).

Ethnic minority populations experience significant health and social care disparities; despite experiencing a greater burden of diseases, these groups are underrepresented in health and social care research. Consequently, related research can be less applicable to these population groups. The REPRESENT study aims to explore the health and social care experiences of ethnic minorities and other minoritised populations, their research interests and appropriate research practices. Focus groups and semistructured interviews were conducted between May and September 2022 with members of a number of ethnic minority communities in England. Data were audio recorded, transcribedand thematically coded using NVivo 12. Rigour was determined through extensive sampling, iterative data collection and analysis. Fifty-two ethnic minority members were engaged in group interviews and one-to-one interviews. Participants included representatives of the following groups: African Caribbean, Eastern European, Gypsy Travellers, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersexand Asexual+, Refugee/Asylum Seekers, Somali and South Asian communities. Interviews were also conducted with ethnic minority healthcare providers and researchers. Three overarching categories were identified: health information, medical service experiences, health and social care concerns and health research. Health and social care services challenges were mostly attributed to discrimination, delayed services, poor cultural relevanceand language and cultural barriers. The most influential information sources were local community organisations and word-of-mouth. The main health and social care concerns were chronic long-term health conditions, mental health, maternal healthand child development. Recommendations for research involved understanding the motivations for participation, improving communication and empowering communities. Top research priorities were long-term health conditions, health promotion and education, early care interventions and understanding community needs. Discrimination and bias in health and social care provision have severe implications for worsening ethnic health inequalities. Healthcare commissioning authorities and policymakers can leverage the preference of ethnic minority groups for pharmacy services and community organisations to improve access to care. Improving research interest and engagement requires understanding individual community needs, community sensitivity, research relevanceand cultural appropriateness. Members of ethnic minority Patient and Public Involvement and Engagementgroup and Community Advisory Boardsupported the REPRESENT study design, conceptualisation and report development.