Aim: To assess 5-year prevalence of certain risk factors (RF) in men and women of Ryazan region. Methods: In 2002 as a part of Russian epidemiological EPOCH study, a representative sample of Ryazan region population was evaluated (2098 subjects, mean age 44.8±18.6 years). Sample generation was made in three steps: consecutive selection of medical institutions, GP districts and flats was made. With a response rate of 83.9% 1760 people were assessed in 2007, 200 died, 223 migrated, 13 withdrawn consent. Dynamics of risk factors prevalence was analysed: hypertension (HT), smoking, alcohol abuse, salt abuse, obesity, low physical activity, diabetes mellitus. Results: HT prevalence did not change over 5 years (36.6±1.1% vs. 39.3±1.2%), in women HT prevalence was higher in both 2002 (38.2% vs. 33.9%, p<0.05) and 2007 (42.1% vs. 34.8%, p<0.001). Smoking prevalence did not significantly change over 5 years (25.1% vs. 23.9%). Maximum smoking prevalence was found in the 30-39 years age group (62.1% of men and 13.8% of women). During 5-years the number of alcohol abusers decreased by 3.1% and amounted to 12.4% in men and 0.6% in women, which is less than in 2002 (15.8% and 1.6%). Prevalence of salt abuse after five years remained the same in both men (45.0% vs. 46.3% in 2002, p=0.62) and women (35.1% vs. 34.7% in 2002, p=0.27). There was a significant increase in number of obese subjects – from 18.8% to 22.6%, p<0.001. Obesity was more typical for women (28.3% vs. 14.0%, p<0.001), whereas it's prevalence increased over 5 years in both women (4.7%, p<0.001) and men (by 2.3%, p=0.068). Over the observation period, portion of subjects with low physical activity increased by 8.8%, p<0.001 (by 14% in men, p<0.001, and by 1.4% in women, p=0.48). Prevalence of diabetes didn't change (4.5% vs. 3.4% in 2002), both in men (3.2% vs. 2.4% in 2002), and in women (4.8% vs. 3.9% in 2002). As five years ago, most of the respondents in the assessed sample have a combination of several risk factors. The number of subjects with two factors increased from 28.4% to 32.2%, p<0.001, with three factors – from 15.6% to 21.3%, p<0.001. The number of subjects with more than 3 risk factors remained the same, and with no or only one factor decreased from 16.0% to 11.8%, p<0.001 and from 29.4% to 24.4%, p<0.001, respectively. Conclusion: A high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was revealed in the population of Ryazan region. Over a period from 2002 to 2007 there was a significant increase in number of subjects with obesity (from 18.8% to 22.6%, p<0.001).