Medical Diagnosis Of Depression Research Articles

DIAGNÓSTICO DE ANSIEDADE E DEPRESSÃO ENTRE PROFESSORES DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19

To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic among teachers and to identify the associated factors. Epidemiological websurvey, carried out in 2020, with teachers of public basic education in Minas Gerais/Brazil, using a digital form. The dependent variables analyzed were self-reported formal diagnoses of anxiety and depression during the pandemic. For data analysis, Binary Logistic Regression was used. The study involved 15,641 teachers. 25% reported a diagnosis of anxiety during the pandemic and 8.6% a medical diagnosis of depression. There was a significantly higher chance of an anxiety diagnosis among women, teachers dissatisfied with their work, who were part of the COVID-19 risk group, with a family member/friend who died from COVID-19, who presented severe fear of COVID-19, with sleep problems, who were smokers and among those who were overweight/obese. There was a significantly higher chance of depression among women, who worked 40 or more hours a week, who had a lot of difficulty with remote work, who were dissatisfied with work, who were part of the COVID-19 risk group, with a family member/friend who died due to COVID-19, with severe fear of COVID-19, with sleep problems, among smokers, those who have increased alcohol consumption, with a less healthy dietary pattern and among those with obesity. A relevant prevalence of anxiety and depression was observed among teachers during the pandemic. Changes caused by the pandemic in the work, routine and health of teachers contributed to increased rates of mental health problems.

Health characteristics and behaviors associated with self-reported depression among Brazilian reproductive-aged women: Data from a population-based survey (2020–2021)

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the health characteristics and behaviors associated with depression in a large probabilistic sample of Brazilian reproductive-aged women. A total of 11,698 non-pregnant women aged 18–49 years old from the 26 Brazilian capitals and Federal District were interviewed by landline between 2020 and 2021. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) of health characteristics and behaviors (smoking, alcohol abuse, physical activity, regular intake of fruits and vegetables, overweight, obesity and poor self-rated health) according to the presence of depression and drug treatment for depression. Medical diagnosis of depression, and other health characteristics and behaviors were self-reported. Analyses were adjusted by age, race/skin color, education, and marital status. Prevalence of self-reported depression was 13.3% and drug treatment for depression was reported by 5.3% of the total studied population. The presence of self-reported depression was associated with smoking (adjusted OR - aOR 2.15; CI95%:1.44–3.20), regular intake of fruits and vegetables (aOR 0.75; CI95%:0.59–0.95), overweight (aOR 1.38; CI95%:1.10–1.71), obesity (aOR 1.34; CI95%:1.04–1.71) and poor self-rated health (aOR 4.34; CI95%:3.04–6.21). Drug treatment for depression was associated with smoking (aOR 2.29; CI95%:1.33–3.95), overweight (aOR 1.65; CI95%:1.18–2.30) and poor self-rated health (aOR 4.20; CI95%:2.59–6.83). Self-reported depression and drug treatment for depression were associated with unfavorable health characteristics and behaviors among reproductive-aged women in Brazil.

Influência da paridade no desenvolvimento da depressão em mulheres brasileiras

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre paridade e depressão em mulheres em idade reprodutiva entrevistadas na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, de base populacional realizado com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Brasileira (PNS) – 2013. Foram incluídos registros de mulheres em período reprodutivo, com idade entre 18 e 49 anos, totalizando a amostra com 15.344 mulheres. Resultados: Observou-se associação bruta estatisticamente significante entre a paridade e depressão (RP= 1.32; IC 95%: 1.20 - 1.46). Houve também associação entre ter filhos com baixo peso e depressão (RP= 1.64; IC 95%: 1.24 - 2.18). Mostrando que mulheres em idade reprodutiva mais velhas e com 3 filhos ou mais apresentam 36 vezes mais chances de referir diagnóstico médico de depressão, e aquelas que tiveram filho com baixo peso essa probalidade quase se duplicou. Conclusão: Mulheres em idade reprodutiva mais avançada, que tiveram maior paridade, tiveram mais chances de apresentarem depressão, havendo uma potencialização dessa condição quando tiveram filhos de baixo peso. Assim, ressalta-se a importância de conhecer e compreender os determinantes e condicionantes da saúde que estão associados ao processo de vulnerabilização e adoecimento feminino, para implementar estratégias de intervenção pertinentes no manejo da depressão, em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde.

Depression and metabolic syndrome in participants of the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort study

BackgroundDepression is a major public health concern worldwide and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. Thus, we prospectively examined the association between depression and the risk of MetS, according to different diagnosis criteria. MethodsThis study included 9,237 participants of a Spanish dynamic prospective cohort of adult university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.7 year (10.7)], initially free of any specific criterion of MetS, who were followed-up for a median of 8.3 years. The exposure variables were medical diagnosis of depression at baseline or in the first 2-year follow-up questionnaire. The outcome variable was the incidence of MetS, assessed according to each of three different criteria proposed by: International Diabetes Federation (IDF); National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); IDF/NCEP-ATP III (updated harmonizing definition). Multivariable-adjusted Relative Risks (RR) of new-onset MetS and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated, using Poisson regression models. ResultsThe cumulative incidences of MetS were 475 cases (IDF definition), 288 cases (NCEP-ATP III definition) and 492 cases (update harmonized definition). No association was observed between baseline depression and incidence of MetS, but the presence of depression after 2-years of follow-up was significantly associated with a higher risk of new-onset MetS, according to NCEP-ATP III definition (multivariable-adjusted RR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.06-5.67). LimitationsDiagnosis of depression and MetS were self-reported. ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort of Spanish middle-aged adult university graduates, a direct association between depression and the risk of MetS according to NCEP-ATP III definition was found.

Precarious working conditions and health of metropolitan bus drivers and conductors in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

To investigate the relationship between precarious working conditions and the health of bus drivers and conductors. Data were gathered by means of a survey and interviews conducted in 2012 with 1607 employees of the public transport system of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Nine proxy variables were used to create a precariousness score, ranging from 0 to 9, on a comparative scale: score 0 "less precarious" and 9 "more precarious." Negative self-evaluations of health, medical diagnoses of depression and sleep disorders, common mental disorders, musculoskeletal pain and medical leave were assessed. Poisson regression was used to assess associations between precariousness and health adjusted for age, sex, education, vibration, and noise. The sample was composed of 853 drivers and 754 conductors. Most were men (87%), with age below 40 years (67.4%) and medium educational level (64.5%). The maximum precariousness score observed was 7. Most individuals were in the groups of scores 3 (26.7%) and 4 (26.1%). The prevalences of the health situations were: common mental disorders, 26.3%; medical diagnosis of depression, 9.7%; medical diagnosis of sleep disorder, 14.6%; musculoskeletal pain, 43.0%; medical leave (absenteeism), 34.8%; and negative self-evaluation of health, 20.2%. The prevalences of health conditions, with the exception of negative self-evaluations of health, were significantly higher among workers with higher levels of precarious working conditions. Worse health, particularly common mental disorders, was associated with self-assessed work precariousness.

Body shape trajectories and incidence of depression in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) prospective cohort

Backgrounds and aimThe association between trajectories of body-shape from early childhood to early adulthood (first 40 years of life) and subsequent depression risk has not been explored before. We assessed this association in a prospective cohort of university graduates. MethodsWe used a group-based modeling approach to assess the body shape trajectories from age 5 to 40 years, among 3888 women and 4124 men of the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort study. All participants were free of depression at the beginning of the follow-up, and the occurrence of a new medical diagnosis of depression was evaluated every two years. ResultsFour distinct trajectories for women and men were found (“lean-moderate increase”, “medium-stable”, “heavy-medium” and “heavy-marked increase” for women and “lean-marked increase”, “medium-marked increase”, “medium-stable” and “heavy-stable” for men). Among 78,475 person-years of follow-up a total of 351 incident cases of depression were identified. Among women, compared to those who maintained a medium body shape during life span (“medium-stable” trajectory), women who were heavy at childhood and had a marked increase in their body shape during early adult life (“heavy-marked increase” trajectory) showed significantly higher risk of a new-onset depression [HR = 1.92 (1.18–3.13)]. No association was observed in men between body-shape trajectories and subsequent risk of depression. ConclusionsOur results suggest that in a Mediterranean cohort, women who were heavy at early childhood and showed marked increases in body shape during early adulthood were at higher risk of developing depression later in life.

Life course and work ability among older adults: ELSI-Brazil.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with perception of work ability in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 years and over.METHODS We used data from 8,903 participants of the baseline survey of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). The dependent variable was self-rated work ability (good or very good versus fair, poor, or very poor). Independent variables included factors that operate at the beginning, middle, and current stage of life. Multivariate analysis was based on prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) estimated by Poisson regression.RESULTS Good work ability was reported by 49% of \\ participants (49.4% among men and 48.6% among women). Results of the multivariate analysis showed that, for both men and women, good work ability showed positive and statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with good health up to 15 years of age (PR = 1.22 and 1.18 , respectively), educational level ≥ 8 years (PR = 1.19 and 1.21, respectively), and current good self-rated health (PR = 1.88 and 1.94, respectively). Negative associations were observed for current age (PR = 0.99 for each increase of one year among men and women), medical diagnosis of depression (PR = 0.70 for men and PR = 0.87 for women), and having one or more at least chronic diseases (PR = 0.88 for men and 0.91 for women). Only for men, positive associations for the age at which they started working (PR = 1.14 and 1.12 for 11–17 and ≥ 18 years, respectively) and living with a spouse (PR = 1.09) were found.CONCLUSIONS Work ability in older ages is built over the life course, particularly by the health conditions in childhood and adolescence, age at which men begin working, educational level, and health conditions in older ages. Policies aimed at increasing longevity in the labor market must take these factors into account.

Psychotropic drug use among older adults: prevalence and associated factors.

Investigating the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among older adults and factors associated with it. This study was based on the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area Health Survey, conducted in 2003. It involved 1,635 elderly (60 years or older) citizens, who were residents of cities within the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area and were selected using complex randomize sampling. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with psychotropic drug use, with a 5.0% significance level. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use in the sample was 13.4%; specifically, 8.3% of individuals surveyed used benzodiazepines, whereas 5.0% used antidepressants. The following factors were independently associated with the use of psychotropic drugs: female gender (OR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.49 - 3.27), medical diagnosis of depression (OR = 6.42; 95%CI 4.31 - 9.55), 5 or more medical appointments in the last 12 months (OR = 2.15; 95%CI 1.32 - 3.53), and subscription to private health insurance (OR = 2.69; 95%CI 1.86 - 3.88). The prevalence observed was similar to the one verified in other elderly Brazilian populations and the pattern of associated factors was consistent with the one detected for older populations of higher-income countries. Medical diagnosis of depression was the factor most strongly associated with psychotropic drug use.

Being marked as different: The emotional politics of experiences of depression and migrant belongings

This article asks the question: “What does it mean to think about ‘home’ and ‘belonging’ when migratory experience is enmeshed with the story of depression?”. The article focuses on the personal story of a woman who migrated from the United States (US) to Australia, and whose sense of disconnection and displacement in relation to everyday life is embedded within a narrative of depression. Our discussion of her twin narratives of emotional distress and migration is located within theoretical debates about depression, migration and the constitution of subjectivity. In particular, we draw on psychoanalytical approaches to subjectivity to argue that her emotional distress and the medical diagnosis of depression together represent a form of ‘experienc[ing] oneself as a subject’ (Butler, 2005), and function as a precondition to her narrative of migration. Ultimately, we conclude, the woman's intertwined narratives of depression and migration operate simultaneously to provide retroactive order to her subjectivity.

Longitudinal Differences in Pain Among Older Adult Home and Community Based Waiver Program Participants in Relation to Diagnosis of Cancer

Generalized estimating equation analyses models were used to examine the longitudinal association between pain and diagnosis of cancer among older adult, Home and Community Based Waiver Program participants. Daily pain was reported by over half, with 29% experiencing daily pain that was unusually intense. Diagnosis of cancer was a significant predictor of daily pain only as an interaction term with cognitive impairment. Being female, having a medical diagnosis of depression, or increasing measure of comorbid conditions significantly increased the likelihood of daily pain. In comparison, increasing age, being of African American, Hispanic, or “other” race resulted in a significantly decreased likelihood of daily pain.

Associations Among Indicators of Depression in Medicaid-Eligible Community-Dwelling Older Adults

The purpose of this research was to examine associations among 2 separate Minimum Data Set-Home Care (MDS-HC) depression measures (the Depression Rating Scale [DRS] and medical diagnosis of depression) with billed antidepressant medications in Medicaid paid claim files. The sample for this cross-sectional research included 3,041 Medicaid-eligible older adult participants in a Home and Community Based Waiver Program and used data from the MDS-HC, Version 1 and Medicaid Paid Claim Files. Sensitivity and specificity analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and t tests were utilized. DRS scoring indicated that 15.4% of participants had behaviors indicative of depression, whereas 42% had a medical diagnosis of depression noted in the MDS-HC. Of those with a medical diagnosis of depression, 51% had a prescribed antidepressant medication. ROC analysis suggested that the DRS was a poor distinguisher of participants with and without a medical diagnosis of depression or prescribed antidepressant medications. Approximately half of Medicaid-eligible older adults medically diagnosed with depression were treated pharmacologically. Longitudinal research is recommended to assess responsiveness of the DRS over time to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for depression.

Unrecognised symptoms of depression in a community–based population with multiple sclerosis

The association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression has been well established but prevalence estimates have varied widely. The aims of this study were to assess the point prevalence of previously unrecognised symptoms of depression in a community-based population with MS and examine their relationship to other disease characteristics. Three hundred and seventy six patients with clinically definite or probable MS (Poser criteria) were ascertained during the course of an epidemiological study on two counties in Ireland. Of these 211 agreed to participate in the study. Subjects were examined and a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale Score and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite score rated. Participants also completed a Beck's Depression Inventory-II and a Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. In total 60 (28%) patients had moderate or severe symptoms of depression. Only thirty-five of the 211 patients had a history of depression as defined by a medical diagnosis of depression or prescription of an anti-depressant medication at any time prior to enrollment in the present study, of the remaining 176 patients, 41 (23.3%) had moderate or severe symptoms of depression as assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory-II. The only significant clinical difference between the 41 patients with pronounced depressive symptoms and the 135 less affected was shorter disease duration in the former. In this study one in four patients with MS had unrecognised and therefore untreated symptoms of depression. Disability alone is not a good indicator of the likelihood of coexistent depressive symptoms.

Life Mirrors Work Mirrors Text Mirrors Life...

This paper is about a series of uncanny coincidences in my life and work. The coincidences are as follows: an article of mine, on the construction of an erroneous medical diagnosis of depression on a woman who was a cancer patient, was performed as theater just at the time I, too, unknowingly had cancer; the cancer was discovered very late and, at the same time, a series of medical errors in my care became clear; I am a medical sociologist and my area of special interest is medical mistakes. I describe my work on medical mistakes and the mistakes in my care and explore the uncanny and the status of error in life as it is lived.