Medical Colleges In Pakistan Research Articles

Assessment of Medical Students knowledge and perception about Importance of Forensic Medicine in crime investigation.

Objectives: The study aimed to know the prevalence of scientific knowledge among medical students about the essentiality of postmortem examination. Study Design: Cross-sectional Observational Survey. Setting: Data was obtained from students of five medical colleges of Pakistan. Period: December 2020 to February 2020. Material & Methods: A questionnaire were designed to access the level of students’ comprehension about importance of post-mortem examination, collection of samples, autopsy report writing and courses taught in Forensic curriculum. Results: Most of the students 553 (79%) have shown satisfaction from teaching and training in Forensic Medicine. 252 (36%) suggested the need add case base studies (CBL) to improve the teaching methodology. 546 (78%) students were in favor of conduction of autopsy to know the unnatural circumstances under which death occurred. 154 (22%) of them stated that SGD are good teaching method for learning injury interpretation and 399 (57%) highlighted that there should be more teaching hours for autopsy visits and medicolegal clinics. Conclusion: Students are well aware about the importance of Forensic Medicine and conduction of autopsy. They are reluctant to opt Forensic Medicine as a medical carrier because of limited scope and court inquires.

CAREER MOTIVATION AMONG STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL INSTITUTES: A REVIEW OF EXISTING PERCEPTIONS

OBJECTIVES: To explore future career prospects among undergraduate medical students from different institutes and to review existing perceptions among them. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six different medical colleges of Pakistan from January 2017 to June 2017 including two public and four private sector medical colleges. A structured and pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21 and Epi info 7. RESULTS: Out of 164 students, 75 (45.8%) were males and 89 (54.2%) were females. The public and private sector students distribution was 72 (43.9%) and 92 (56.10%) respectively. Mean age was 22.63±1.99 years. Out of 143 (87.2%) students responding to do specialization, 88 (53.7%) wanted to go abroad while 55 (33.5%) were interested in local training. Upon making rural work obligatory, 111 (68%) showed willingness to work with maximum (n=57/111; 51.35%) wanted to serve the under-privileged community. Majority (n=139; 85%) of the students had no intention to change the profession and maximum (n=55; 33.54%) opted for the field of Medicine as specialization. In factors, own decision by students and gender-based impact on specialization in both sectors had a significant relationship with different motivational aspects (p-value = <0.01). CONCLUSION: The study revealed that majority of the students wanted to do specialization and preferred going abroad for specialization than opting for local training. About two-third of students were willing to join rural setting, if made obligatory and almost all wanted to be in medical profession throughout the life.

Analysis of Stress Prevalence in a Medical School: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Students and professionals in Medicine face stressful situations on a regular basis. This study focuses on evaluating the prevalence of stress among students of a medical college in Pakistan and its variation on the basis of gender. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study that involves 88 second year medical students of Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, Pakistan. The data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire based on Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and Microsoft Excel 2014. Stress levels among students were evaluated by dividing the perceived stress scores into four quartiles. In order to compare the prevalence of stress among male and female students, the Independent Samples t-test was also used. Results: The overall stress prevalence was 91.78% with a mean PSS-10 score of 20.178 (SD = 5.745). There was a significant difference (p = 0.016 and Cohen’s d = 0.7) between the mean stress scores of male and female students. The percentages of students with no, mild, moderate, and severe stress were found to be 8.2%, 24.7%, 27.4%, and 39.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Our study revealed a high prevalence of stress among the medical students, more in females than in males. It points towards the need to take measures directed towards the improvement of the mental well-being of medical students.

Initiating Narrative Medicine at a Medical College in Pakistan: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities

Writing has always been a part of medicine, but it was largely used as a means to disseminate objective data. With changing times, qualitative writing in the form of narrative medicine (NM) is fast coming to the forefront. Data in the field from high-income countries have shown an enhancement in empathy and professionalism alike, for both patients and health care practitioners. Studies also elucidate the benefits of incorporating NM into medical curricula. However, there is scant literature from low-income to middle-income countries concerning NM. In this brief report, we discuss NM in the context of low- to middle-income regions like ours, describing how a workshop on NM-based reflective writing was developed and executed at Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. This workshop, titled "Narrative Medicine: Where Every Patient's Story Matters," was conducted in January 2016 and was attended by medical students, residents, and physicians as well as professionals from nonmedical backgrounds. The workshop served as an introduction to NM, and there are plans to further develop it at Aga Khan University. This development includes creating a digital library of narratives, releasing an annual NM newsletter, incorporating NM into the undergraduate curriculum, and conducting studies to assess the impact of our intervention.

Prevalence of Methylphenidate Misuse in Medical Colleges in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of nontherapeutic use of methylphenidate as well as to ascertain any benefits, side effects, and other factors associated with this use.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in medical colleges in Pakistan using a self-constructed, validated questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using Open Source Statistics for Epidemiological Health software (OpenEpi web-based open-source program, MIT license), and it was determined to be 400. The type of sampling was cluster sampling. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire, and it was found to be 0.80.ResultsOut of the 400 participants, 197 (49%) were male and 203 (51%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 21.02 (±1.54) years. Most of the participants (84%) reported they usually studied 1-3 hours a day, and 149 participants (37%) reported a score ranging from 70 to 80% in exams. Methylphenidate was admitted to be used by 37 participants. Out of these 37 participants, only 10 participants believed they had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants revealed they used the drug to either cope with the anxiety related to their scores or merely as a personal, recreational choice. Methylphenidate was mostly acquired from peers (68%), and peer pressure was found to be a major factor in its misuse.ConclusionsMost of the methylphenidate misuse is linked to student underperformance in examinations and an underlying dissatisfaction. The problem is more aggravated when the social influence exerted by other students is taken into account. The side effects of drug usage are found to outweigh the benefits that have been reported.

Association of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Medical Students Studying in Modular, Semester and Annual Examination System

Background: When there are high demands besides less resources, a person experiences a feeling of fear that is known as “Stress”. Students of professional schools/colleges and universities are encounter more stress than the general population as they are in a transitory phase from adolescence to adulthood. It has been highlighted that medical education has greater association with stress. There are three examination systems that are been followed by medical colleges of Pakistan (modular, semester and annual systems). However, to the best of our knowledge, no data is available to show the association of stress with current examination systems in our country.&#x0D; Aims: The objectives of our study were to find out the association of stress with different examination systems and to identify the frequency of stress causing and coping factors adopted by 1st, 2nd and 3rd year medical students studying in colleges having different examination systems i.e. modular, semester and annual.&#x0D; Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place &amp; Duration of Study: This study was conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 in three medical colleges of Sindh having above mentioned examination systems.&#x0D; Study Population: Medical students of 1st 2nd and 3rd year.&#x0D; Methodology: To assess depression, anxiety and stress among study population, DASS Scale was used. To identify the stress causing and coping factors in the students Likert scale based proforma with 19 factors were given to the selected participants&#x0D; Results: There was no significant association of examination system with depression, anxiety and stress, however various stress causing and coping factors were found significant in altering medical student`s life.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to our study, the frequency of stress in the medial students has no association with the examination systems (modular, semester and annual), currently followed by the medical colleges in Sindh, Pakistan.

Bibliometric Review of Mental Health Research in Medical Colleges of Pakistan.

ObjectivesMental health is a less frequently explored area of medical research as both developing and developed countries lack competent human resources and funding for this purpose. Reviewing mental health research can help medical professionals appreciate the progress of understanding and identify problems in this area. This systematic review examined the status of mental health research carried out in medical education institutions and tertiary healthcare hospitals across Pakistan over the past 70 years.MethodsPubMed® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), was searched for articles published between 1947 and 2017 related to mental health with an emphasis on the exclusive affiliation of the first author with a medical college in Pakistan.ResultsA total of 118 articles were included in this study. The number of published research-based studies has increased steadily over the past years. However, there are indicators of a lack of quality research, such as no declaration of conflict of interest or the identification of a funding source and a general lack of publications in a journal with a high impact factor.ConclusionThe findings of this study have shown a steady improvement in the quantity and quality of mental health research conducted in Pakistani medical colleges/universities. However, a lack of funding, training and faculty induction policies may be hindering the establishment of a research culture and contributing to the slow progression of mental health research in Pakistan.

User experience design in virtual reality medical training application.

To investigate the effects of design parameters on the user experience of virtual reality medical training. The quantitative study was conducted at Punjab (Pakistan) from July 2018 to October 2018, and comprised final year students from eight medical colleges in Pakistan. Each respondent was given to experience laparoscopy operation in text, video and virtual reality-based learning methodologies. User experience and usefulness was assessed against a pre-validated scale and compared with the three learning methodologies. Of the 87, students, 50(57.5%) were male and 37(42.5%) were female. The overall mean age was 22.5±4 years. Result of virtual reality was better than others (p<0.05). Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Virtual reality-based learning provided better user experience than traditional learning methodologies.

Perceived stress, severity and sources of stress among female medical students in a private medical college in Pakistan.

To investigate apparent stress, severity and sources of stress among female medical undergraduate students. The cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted at the University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan, from August to December, 2016, and comprised female medical students from first year to final year. The students were divided into pre-clinical, para-clinical and clinical groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Of the 514 students, 271(52.7%) were in the pre-clinical group with a mean age of 19±1 years, 111(21.6%) were in the para-clinical group with mean age 20.59±0.77 years, and 132(25.7%) were in the clinical group with mean age 21.83±1.03 years. The marks of the students were negatively related with stress scores in all groups, but they were highly significant in pre-clinical year only (p0.001). Severe stressors stated by respondents were, 'raised parental expectations', 'frequent examinations', 'sleeping difficulties', 'anxiety about the future', 'quality of food in the mess', and 'accommodation away from home'. The subjects showed high levels of stress. Major stressors were academic and psychosocial.

Value of Dedicated Research Time for IMGs in Obtaining Surgical Residency Training Positions: A 10-Year Review of Applicants from a Medical College in Pakistan

International Medical Graduates (IMGs) secured greater than 10% of all general surgery (GS) residency positions in the US during the past decade. The Match process remains competitive, with a significant number of IMGs performing dedicated research before residency application. The impact of such research remains largely unknown. We aimed to provide an objective analysis of the impact of dedicated research time on obtaining a categorical GS residency position. Data for National Resident Matching Program Match results from 2008-2017 was compiled from annual Match lists of the Aga Khan University, Medical College (Karachi, Pakistan). Medical graduates provided this information voluntarily each year. Data was exported to Microsoft Excel and used for descriptive and statistical analysis using SPSS. Candidates were divided into quasi-experimental groups based on their preference for direct application (no-research group, n = 64) or research prior to Match (research group, n = 20). A total of 84 IMG applicants matched into GS residency positions in the US within the past decade. Amongst these, 18 matched directly into categorical positions while 66 applicants secured preliminary spots. A total of 37 (56%) preliminary candidates eventually secured categorical GS residency positions. Research group applicants had an overall 85% (n = 17) success rate of obtaining a categorical position, while no-research group had a 59% (n = 39) success rate (chi-square test, p = 0.04). Success rate was 69% (n = 38) for male applicants and 57% (n = 17) for female applicants. Median time to a categorical position was 4 years (2-6) for the research group and 3 years (1-6) for the no-research group. Our quasi-experimental study demonstrated a higher success rate for Aga Khan University, Medical College applicants with significant research background in the US, compared to those who did not. Better social integration, enhanced mentorship available during research, overcoming of cultural and linguistic barriers and a perception as better qualified candidate can be some factors contributing to higher success rates.

Demotivating Factors among Third Year Medical Students in a Public Medical College in Pakistan.

To identify demotivating factors among third year medical students and its possible solutions. Mixed methods approach including questionnaire and focus group interview sessions. Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, affiliated with the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, from January to July 2016. Nieuwhof and associates validated questionnaire strength of motivation in medical students was used for third year medical students. Focus group interviews were conducted to assess possible solutions. A total of 108 students completed the questionnaire but only 65 students gave informed consent for interviews. More than 90% of students agreed that subjects were relevant. Time constraints, ward closures and poor communication about time and place for clinical tutorial were among the issues pointed out by students. Frequent change of teachers and poor motivation on part of tutors were considered reasons for poor attendance by students. Cochrane's alpha score was 0.708. Poorly defined syllabus and topics for clinical teaching, absence of mandatory attendance for clinical teaching, and lack of proper introduction to clinical rotation were concerns for students. Students of third year get demotivated because of sudden change in subjects from basic to clinical and lack of commitment from teachers in a public medial college. These factors can be improved by mandatory attendance, introduction of pre-clinical orientation sessions before start of clinical rotations, and appointment of dedicated clinical tutors who kindle the fire for clinical learning in hearts of medical students.

Impact of a Social Media Group Page on Undergraduate Medical Physiology Learning.

To investigate the impact of associating classroom learning of medical physiology with a Facebook group page in an all-women medical college of a conservative small city in Pakistan. Qualitative interpretivist study using semi-structured interviews. Women Medical College Abbottabad, Pakistan, from March to December 2014. Aclosed Facebook study group was established at a local medical college in Pakistan. It was used to upload learning resources and initiate discussions, coordinated with classroom lectures of physiology. Thirteen semistructured interviews were conducted with volunteer students according to a standard protocol. Five major themes were identified. Facebook group is something new and exciting; it motivated self-study, research, collaborative learning and improved class attendance. Convenience of easily accessible resources allowed the students to concentrate on the lecture rather than note taking. It was easier to communicate with the instructor through Facebook than face to face. Lurkers were also learning. High achievers who had adapted to the current didactic system of teaching were less receptive of the collaborative learning and favored teaching geared towards exam preparation. Using social media for e-learning in undergraduate medical education can enhance the student learning experience, especially in resource-limited regions where Information and communication technology is not an integrated part of the teaching process.

Reflective Abilities of Undergraduate Dental Students in a Public Sector Medical College in Pakistan

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Aims:Traditional teaching decreases students' motivation therefore researchers worked on reflection to mount Miller's pyramid from knowledge towards performance. Reflectors are self-directed and lifelong learners. Reflection heightens learning caliber and ameliorates educational outcomes. So this study was conducted to "Measure reflective abilities of undergraduate dental students in a public medical college." Materials &amp; Methods:A descriptive, quantitative study was carried out at Bolan Medical College, Quetta from December, 2015-May, 2016. Reflection-in-Learning Scale was distributed to all (85) dental students. Participants filled RLS which was then collected; data was coded and entered in SPSS version-20. Analysis of Variance test compared Reflection-in-Learning Scale score among the academic years, Shapiro test checked its normality, and Tukey test examined post hoc multiple comparisons. Results:In total 85 participants 21 belonged to 1st year, 16 were from 2nd year, 20 and 28 from 3rd and 4th years respectively. Female participants made 72.9% and 76.5% participants were 20-22 years old. Overall RLS score was 81.52 ± 4.90. Third year scored 83.35 ± 4.87, 4th year scored 82.57 ± 4.10, 2nd year scored 81.31 ± 4.41, and 1st year scored 78.52 ± 5.34. Conclusion:This study provides insight of dental student's reflective level and serves as a vehicle to examine their reflective abilities. Senior batches were good reflectors.

Comparison of Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Hepatitis B Among Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan.

AimHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne infectious disease. It is one of the most common causes of end-stage liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Healthcare professionals, including medical and dental students, are at a high risk of acquiring this infection. The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the knowledge and attitudes toward HBV infection amongst doctors, dentists, nurses, and undergraduate final year medical and dental students.Subjects and methodA cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample size of 381 medical professionals, which included doctors (59), dentists (77), nurses (71), final year medical students (126), and final year dental students (48) at Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry (CMH LMC). A questionnaire comprising 27 multiple choice questions was distributed amongst the groups mentioned above. The questionnaire aimed to assess basic knowledge, attitudes towards those infected, and knowledge about vaccination against HBV.ResultsThe total response rate was 88.8% (382/430 respondents returned the questionnaire). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score for all healthcare professionals in knowledge was 15.54 ± 3.69 and attitude were 4.67 ± 1.37, which indicated that majority of the healthcare professionals were well informed about hepatitis B and generally exhibited positive attitudes. However, results revealed that medical students lacked adequate knowledge about various aspects of HBV infection, including modes of transmission and prevention methods against the disease. On the other hand, dental students were better informed and exhibited a more positive attitude towards the disease.ConclusionAccording to the results of our study, medical students showed poor knowledge about hepatitis B disease, including its modes of transmission and the option of vaccination. Lack of knowledge contributed significantly to their negative attitudes towards those suffering from the disease, which has the potential to considerably affect the quality of patient care and the doctor-patient relationship. Major steps should be taken towards improving the curriculum followed at medical colleges in Pakistan. More emphasis should be laid on providing knowledge during early academic years and increasing the amount of clinical exposure. Frequent workshops and seminars should be organized in order to provide up-to-date knowledge about HBV infection and means of prevention to both healthcare professionals and students.

Identifying a parsimonious model for predicting academic achievement in undergraduate medical education: A confirmatory factor analysis.

Objectives:This study was conducted to adduce evidence of validity for admissions tests and processes and for identifying a parsimonious model that predicts students’ academic achievement in Medical College.Methods:Psychometric study done on admission data and assessment scores for five years of medical studies at Aga Khan University Medical College, Pakistan using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structured equation modeling (SEM). Sample included 276 medical students admitted in 2003, 2004 and 2005.Results:The SEM supported the existence of covariance between verbal reasoning, science and clinical knowledge for predicting achievement in medical school employing Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimations (n=112). Fit indices: χ2 (21) = 59.70, p =<.0001; CFI=.873; RMSEA = 0.129; SRMR = 0.093.Conclusions:This study shows that in addition to biology and chemistry which have been traditionally used as major criteria for admission to medical colleges in Pakistan; mathematics has proven to be a better predictor for higher achievements in medical college.

Deranged Mental Homeostasis in Medical Students: Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Home and Hostel Students

Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate and compare psychological depression, anxiety and stress among the medical students living with family and those living in dormitory to find out whether psychological state of mind of a student was affected by their residential conditions. Method: A comparative cross sectional study was done on 211 students from 3 medical colleges of Pakistan following curriculum of Dow University of Health Sciences. Students were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire developed on DASS-42 scale. Prevalence rate, risk estimation and two tailed significance of levels of depression, anxiety and stress was calculated using SPSS 20.0.1. Result: A total of 211 medical students participated in the study. Students living with family were 122 (57.81%) and those living in hostels were 89 (42.18%). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress calculated for home students was 34.42%; 45.08% & 36.06% respectively and for dormitory students it was 40.4%; 43.82% and 30.33% respectively. The two tail significance for all three variables was >0.05 indicating an equivocal trend in both study groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was uniformly high in both home and hostel medical students, yet still, correlation with residential conditions was not established. Depression was more prevalent in dormitory students while anxiety and stress were elevated in home students based on risk estimation. Our study provides an insight regarding a very serious health issue which demands further exploration for development of effective health programs with a more targeted approach for the benefit of young physicians of Pakistan.

Clinical Capability Self-Appraisal as Indicative of Preparedness For Future Medical Practice. A Graduates׳ Perspective

PurposePakistan is experiencing a wave of change in the undergraduate medical curriculum. The changes have led to emergence of an outcomes-based curriculum. However the extent to which an outcomes-based curriculum prepares the medical graduates for clinical practice has not been well studied. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify perception of the medical graduates of the extent to which an outcomes-based curriculum in Pakistan has prepared them for hospital practice. MethodsIn September 2015, recent graduates of Islamic International Medical College in Pakistan were asked to fill in the modified Clinical Capability Questionnaire to assess their perception of how the medical school education prepared them for clinical practice during their house job. The survey findings were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results43 students completed the questionnaire. Cronbach׳s alpha coefficients for each subscale ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 representing good internal consistency. Majority of the students reported good capability in clinical skills (mean=2.77) but rated themselves lower on procedural skills (mean=1.94), operational management (mean=1.99), and administrative tasks (mean=1.53). For the remaining six domains, students rated an average preparedness for holistic care (mean=3.13), collaboration (mean=3.01), prevention (mean=3.05), and self-directed learning (mean=3.02) while they reported inadequate preparedness in coping skills (mean=2.89) and interpersonal skills (mean=2.77) ConclusionIntroduction of an outcomes-based curriculum does not guarantee student preparation for clinical practice during house job.

Comprehensive Integrated Assessment for Asian Medical Graduates

Asia houses 45% of medical schools of the world and a large number of graduates migrate to developed countries of the western region. Most of these schools have acquired integration in undergrad medical education; however, assessment is still disintegrated in almost all, potentially risking the quality of medical graduates. This paper explains the need and concept of Comprehensive Integrated Assessment (CIA) for final year medical students and how it can be beneficial for graduating medical students compared to the traditional discipline-based assessment. The concept has developed by Establishment of Medical Education and Research (EMER), a group of medical educationists from different regions, working together for the development of medical education. The paper discusses the pros and cons of integrated assessment and provides suggestions for its implementation in medical colleges of Pakistan.

Dimensions of physical wellness among medical students of public and private medical colleges in Pakistan.

Objectives:To determine adherence to dimensions of physical wellness among medical students of public and private medical colleges in Pakistan.Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out from January to July 2011 among 820 students of private and public medical colleges in Karachi, Pakistan.Results:Overall, medical students scored low in dimensions of physical wellness. Private medical colleges students were fond of vigorous activities such as aerobics and swimming, whereas public medical colleges students were involved in moderate intensity activities such as walking and use of stairs (p<0.0001). Private students reported to consume more fast food (p=0.0001), had less sleep (p=0.0001), but attended regular annual medical checkups (p=0.009) as compared with their public institute counterparts. Safe practices such as avoidance of tobacco were almost the same.Conclusion:Comprehensive adherence to all dimensions of physical wellness was lacking among medical students.

Association of academic performance with learning style preference of medical students: Multi-center study from Pakistan

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess preferred learning styles and determine their association with the academic performance of undergraduate medical students in various medical colleges in Pakistan. Participants and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 597 medical students from six medical colleges (~100 from each college) was performed. The validated VARK questionnaire version 7.0 was used to categorize the learning styles of students. The questionnaire consists of 16 items which identify four different learning styles: Visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic (VARK). Descriptive statistics were used to identify the learning styles of students. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the academic performance (marks obtained in last professional examination) between students having different learning styles. Results: The response rate was 82.9%. The results showed that mean scores for VARK styles were 4.28 ± 0.09, 4.91 ± 0.08, 4.54 ± 0.07, and 4.75 ± 0.09, respectively. Only 164 (27.6%) students preferred a unimodal learning style, i.e., 38 (6.4%), 56 (9.4%), 20 (3.4%), and 50 (8.4%) preferred the VARK modes, respectively, whereas 72.4% of students preferred multiple learning styles. ANOVA showed there was no significant difference of academic performance among the students having different learning styles. Conclusions: Majority of students prefers multimodal learning styles and learning style preference is not associated with academic performance in medical students across Pakistan. The results of this study provide useful information for improving the quality of the medical teaching and learning experiences of medical students. However, further research is needed to explore the association among learning style preferences, learning strategies, and academic performance.