As an approach for the optimization of health care resource allocation and a new exploration of health care reform, Medical consortium has provided an effective method for the construction of a well-ordered and rationalized medical & health structure. In order to expand market share and improve the efficiency of resource utilization, medical care institutions in different levels, functions and sizes have sought for combination, merger and acquisition based on the division of labor, to achieve mutual benefits and sharing of resources, and effectively promote medical service level. This article shall shed some light on the development status, contents, characteristics and significance of Chinese Medical Consortia. In the 21st century, Chinese government has actively promoted the model construction of medical consortium (hereinafter referred to as MC), to optimize health care resource allocation, and promote healthy and rapid development of medical and health services.[1] In the wake of the government's policy initiatives, and substantial input of social capital into the health care industry, MC enters into a rapid development age. Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Group, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital Group, Maanshan Municipal Medical Group, Beijing Millennium Monument Hospital Medical Consortium successively established; Medical health care institutions in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shaanxi, Hainan and other provinces also established Medical Consortia (hereinafter referred to as MCs) jointly. In addition, promoted by national policy, some private hospitals also take advantages of their financial resources and mechanisms to establish MCs in succession. This model has become quite popular in practice.