Medical Articles Research Articles

English and Arabic abstracts in medical research articles: A contrastive study

English and Arabic abstracts in medical research articles: A contrastive study

The Needs of Women Survivors of Rape: A Narrative Review.

Rape is a serious global problem linked to long-term physical health complications in women. Women survivors of rape have different needs, the identification of which ensures optimal services and improves their health conditions. This study aimed to explore the needs of women survivors of rape through a narrative review. This review was conducted by searching databases of ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, PubMed, Scientific Information Database (SID), the Iranian Magazine Database (Magiran), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Iranian Medical Articles Database (IranMedex), and the Google Scholar engine. All English and Persian articles published from January 2000 to August 2022 were searched using the keywords rape, sexual assault, sexual violence, victim, survivor, demands, and needs. Two independent researchers conducted all steps of article extraction and review to avoid possible bias, and a third person reviewed the articles in the case of disagreement between the two researchers. The final related articles were selected and evaluated using a pre-prepared checklist. Out of 112 articles, 26 articles were selected for final evaluation. The needs of women survivors of rape were divided into six categories, including sociocultural, educational, legal and judicial, psychological, spiritual and religious, and healthcare. Women survivors of rape need survivor-centered, culturally appropriate services, necessitating careful planning and policymaking to address health and judicial issues from different dimensions considering their real-world needs.

Investigating the Readability and Linguistic, Psychological, and Emotional Characteristics of Digital Dementia Information Written in the English Language: Multitrait-Multimethod Text Analysis.

Past research in the Western context found that people with dementia search for digital dementia information in peer-reviewed medical research articles, dementia advocacy and medical organizations, and blogs written by other people with dementia. This past work also demonstrated that people with dementia do not perceive English digital dementia information as emotionally or cognitively accessible. In this study, we sought to investigate the readability; linguistic, psychological, and emotional characteristics; and target audiences of digital dementia information. We conducted a textual analysis of 3 different types of text-based digital dementia information written in English: 300 medical articles, 35 websites, and 50 blogs. We assessed the text's readability using the Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level measurements, as well as tone, analytical thinking, clout, authenticity, and word frequencies using a natural language processing tool, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Generator. We also conducted a thematic analysis to categorize the target audiences for each information source and used these categorizations for further statistical analysis. The median Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score and Flesch Reading Ease score for all types of information (N=1139) were 12.1 and 38.6, respectively, revealing that the readability scores of all 3 information types were higher than the minimum requirement. We found that medical articles had significantly (P=.05) higher word count and analytical thinking scores as well as significantly lower clout, authenticity, and emotional tone scores than websites and blogs. Further, blogs had significantly (P=.48) higher word count and authenticity scores but lower analytical scores than websites. Using thematic analysis, we found that most of the blogs (156/227, 68.7%) and web pages (399/612, 65.2%) were targeted at people with dementia. Website information targeted at a general audience had significantly lower readability scores. In addition, website information targeted at people with dementia had higher word count and lower emotional tone ratings. The information on websites targeted at caregivers had significantly higher clout and lower authenticity scores. Our findings indicate that there is an abundance of digital dementia information written in English that is targeted at people with dementia, but this information is not readable by a general audience. This is problematic considering that people with <12 years of education are at a higher risk of developing dementia. Further, our findings demonstrate that digital dementia information written in English has a negative tone, which may be a contributing factor to the mental health crisis many people with dementia face after receiving a diagnosis. Therefore, we call for content creators to lower readability scores to make the information more accessible to a general audience and to focus their efforts on providing information in a way that does not perpetuate overly negative narratives of dementia.

Investigating the Rate of the Use of Persian Traditional Medicine Services in Tehran.

Despite all the advancements and publicity made in regard to classical medicine, every day more and more people are interested in complementary medicine. This study was designed and conducted to determine the relative frequency of the use of Persian traditional medicine services by the people of Tehran. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the telephone survey method in Tehran. A total of 1824 samples were included in the study based on Cochran's formula. At first, by searching databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and internal sources, including the Iran Medex database, numerous medical texts and articles were reviewed in the field of using traditional medicine services. Then, interview guide questions were designed and asked over the phone. Finally, the data were extracted and subjected to quantitative analysis. Frequency and percentage of relative frequency were used to describe the study data. In the study, 62% (n = 1131) of the participants were women, and 60.5% (n = 1103) of the participants have turned to modern medicine for treatment and have also used traditional medical treatments. Also, 43.5% (n = 864) of the participants have used herbal medicines and their products; 43% (n = 616) of the participants have used Persian traditional medicine treatments as self-treatment based on their personal information; and only 46.5% (n = 666) have evaluated the therapeutic effect of Persian traditional medicine methods as "good." The results of the study indicate the need for more emphasis on Persian traditional medicine alongside modern medicine, more organization and supervision of traditional medicine service providers in the country, and the creation of coherent and integrated management in this field.

Exploring intrasectional variations of lexical bundles in medical research articles

This study employed a corpus-driven approach to examine the structures and functions of lexical bundles across the IMRD sections (i.e. Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion) in a medical research article corpus totalling 4.8 million words. Results showed considerable intra-sectional variations of bundle structures and functions. Structurally, the Introduction and the Discussion were dominated by phrasal bundles (tokens), while the Methods section and the Results sections preferred clausal bundles (types). For structural subcategories, the Introduction showed apparent preference for bundles with ‘to-clause fragments’, the Methods section made heavy use of bundles with ‘passive verb phrases’, and the Discussion displayed a high usage of bundles with ‘(verb phrase) + that-clause fragments;. Functionally, the Introduction, Results and Discussion were dominated by text-oriented bundles, while the Methods section was dominated by research-oriented bundles (types and tokens). For functional subcategories, the Introduction, Results and Discussion included a considerable use of resultative bundles, while the Methods section exhibited a dense use of procedure bundles. Our results also revealed a close relationship between bundle structures and functions and the communicative functions of sections. Our study may have valuable pedagogical implications for medical academic writing.

Changing patterns of the grammatical stance devices in medical research articles (1970–2020)

While the grammatical marking of stance in academic writing is dynamic and susceptible to change over time, relatively few studies have tracked the changing patterns of stance expressions in contemporary medical academic writing. Based on 480 medical research articles published in top medical journals between 1970 and 2020, this study investigated the use of three major types of stance devices (modals, stance adverbials, and that-complement clauses) from a diachronic perspective. Results showed that the three types of stance devices and their functional/syntactic categories displayed a clear downward trend. In terms of stance markers within functional/syntactic categories, results demonstrated that stance markers indicating certainty declined in use, whereas stance markers conveying uncertainty increased. The results indicate that medical academic writing tends to become less interpersonal and more informational over time. In addition, medical writers are inclined to make more cautious and tentative knowledge claims across the years. These changes may be related to the development of medical science and have important pedagogical implications.

The rise of promotional communicative functions in medical research article abstracts: a diachronic (1940–2022) perspective

Academic genres are not static, but they may change according to the values and demands of the particular discourse communities that shape them. This paper explores the research article (RA) abstract, a relevant informative and promotional genre that exhibits the prevalent rhetorical practices of a specific disciplinary community. From a diachronic perspective, our purpose is to examine how these practices have evolved over time. To this end, using a genre-based approach, we have analysed the rhetorical moves and steps of 180 RA abstracts published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, over a period of nine decades (1940–2022). The findings revealed that the abstracts have increasingly become more promotional in terms of the persuasive rhetorical strategies that the authors use to enhance the contribution of their research. This is seen in the fact that the texts of more recent decades present a growing number of promotional communicative functions, mainly the moves/steps that claim the importance of the research topic and state the implications or significance of research. This study can have pedagogical implications for English for research publication purposes (ERPP) practitioners and early career researchers who seek to publish in international medical journals.

Severe cosmetic surgical complications of the labia minora

Study ObjectivesGynecologists need resources related to labia minora, severe cosmetic surgical complications currently unavailable in the medical literature. Women’s requests for genital cosmetic surgery significantly increased within the last two decades; however, the medical literature does not report severe complications and their causes. Therefore, the author hypothesizes that currently used surgical concepts for labia minora reduction are partially responsible for cosmetic surgical debilitating complications. This clinical research aims to present photo documentation of severe surgical complications associated with various cosmetic surgical interventions. DesignedA prospective case series study was conducted in a single gynecologic corrective surgical practice to show different debilitating symptoms associated with labia minora cosmetic surgery. Primary data sources were obtained from direct clinical examinations. Secondary data sources were acquired from scientific-clinical and psychological medical literature articles, websites, medical records, procedure reports, statistical data, and recommendations. Data collection was done prospectively, and data analysis performed retrospectively included variable clinical observations and the severity of symptoms related to different surgical technique concepts. InterventionPatients were exposed to medical interviews, examinations, discussions, and validated questionnaires. In addition, an analysis of commonly used surgical cosmetic intervention concepts scrutinized (labia minora amputation, central wedge resection, and labial delamination). SettingsThe single practice center for corrective cosmetic surgery. PatientsThe study’s sample size was 110 women with severe cosmetic surgical complications of labia minora. Measurements and main resultsThe primary outcome measures the prior cosmetic surgical intervention outcomes of the labia minora, and the secondary outcome measures the occurrence of symptoms. Procedure duration was measured from the initial incision to the last suture placement. The follow-up study was conducted at a one-year interval for three years. The labia minora cosmetic severe complications were associated in 76 % with labial amputation, 21% with central wedge resection, and 3% with modified delamination. The most common symptomatic complication in labia minora amputation was over-resection. In all subjects, debilitating physical pain, neurological pain, psychological disorders, and sexual dysfunction were observed. ConclusionsCurrent labia minora cosmetic surgical concepts contribute to severe surgical complications with debilitating physical, emotional, and sexual dysfunction.

Connecting lexical bundles and moves in medical research articles’ Methods section

This study employs a corpus-driven approach to identify the four-word lexical bundles in the Methods section of 1 000 medical research articles (MRAs) from ten leading medical journals representing ten medical sub-fields. The bundles are first structurally and functionally analysed and further connected to rhetorical moves to fill the form-function gap of lexical bundle studies. Results showed that, structurally, the Methods section is dominated by clausal bundles (types and tokens). Functionally, the Methods section is dominated by research-oriented bundles (types and tokens). Our analysis of the bundle-move connection in the Methods section showed that all move-specific bundles (i.e. bundles occurring in only one move) are strongly associated with the rhetorical function of the moves they occurred in, while most cross-move bundles (i.e. bundles occurring in multiple moves) seem to display no clear associations with moves. In addition, the structural and functional analysis of move-specific bundles and cross-move bundles showed apparent structural and functional similarities. Our study may have valuable pedagogical implications for medical academic writing.

Analysis of the Home Accidents and Their Risk Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Home accident is among the most common type of trauma, in the second place after traffic accident. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of home accidents in Iran. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and national Persian databases including SID, MagIran, and Medical Articles Bank were searched for articles published until September 12, 2021. The pooled prevalence and factors affecting the occurrence of home accidents were calculated. Twenty articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of home accident was 44% (95%CI: 32% to 56%). The pooled prevalence of foreign object/fall, stab or cut, suffocation, burn, poisoning and were 15% (95%CI: 10% to 20%), 24% (95%CI: 10% to 38%), 1% (95%CI:0.7% to 1.3%), 31% (95%CI:19% to 42.2%), and 6.8% (95%CI:4.2% to 429.4%), respectively. The prevalence of home accidents in Iran is moderate but higher than in other countries. The findings of this review highlight the need for more attention to home accident in children and elderly in the South and Southeast regions of Iran.

The Relationship Between Protein Whey Milk Consumption and The Occurrence of Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents Aged 18-21 Years

Acne vulgaris is an inflammation that occurs in the pilosebaceous gland with a prevalence of 18-21 years affected adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of whey protein and the incidence of acne vulgaris. The research design was a literature review by searching medical scientific articles. Over 7,408 articles were found when searching for "protein" and "acne vulgaris." The articles were sorted by relevant publication in the last five years. There were 2,179 pertinent articles, which were then excluded from book studies that read 581 articles. Then, articles were screened only for whey protein research in the form of milk, so the remaining 129 studies were continued by selecting only subjects—adolescents aged 18-21 years so that the remaining 20 relevant articles are summarized in this study. The literature review results show a significant relationship between protein consumption and the incidence of acne vulgaris. The increase in sebum production caused by high protein consumption is the main reason for this correlation. Research findings suggest that people who consume high amounts of whey protein are more likely to develop acne vulgaris. In conclusion, this study lost the importance of nutrition in the incidence of acne vulgaris, with whey protein consumption being a significant contributing factor. The findings of this study may benefit individuals who wish to prevent or treat acne vulgaris by making dietary changes. Further research is needed to determine the optimal amount of protein intake to minimize acne vulgaris.

AI Is Changing the Landscape of Academic Writing: What Can Be Done? Authors' Reply to: AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened".

AI Is Changing the Landscape of Academic Writing: What Can Be Done? Authors' Reply to: AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened".

AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened".

AI Increases the Pressure to Overhaul the Scientific Peer Review Process. Comment on "Artificial Intelligence Can Generate Fraudulent but Authentic-Looking Scientific Medical Articles: Pandora's Box Has Been Opened".

What rare cancers have in common. The making of lists of (very) rare cancers and the coordination of medical work.

This article aims to understand why medical actors recently published lists of rare and very rare cancers. It studies four lists of rare and very rare cancers based on interviews with the main actors on these lists and an analysis of medical articles in which these lists were published. It argues that these lists constitute boundary objects whose aim is to deal with the organizational challenges raised by precision medicine, which imply increasing the coordination work between various types of actors. Our work therefore allows a better understanding of the functioning of the recursive standardization process of a boundary object and, by analyzing how the category of rarity is built at the intersection of both professional and nosographic principles, shows the intertwining of the biomedical, organizational, and political aspects on which rests the practice of contemporary precision medicine.

Treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults - press review

Introduction: Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is one of the most common shoulder injuries treated in a sport‐active population. In this article we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms, and various surgical techniques for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation.&#x0D; Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected in PubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking at keywords such as: "acromioclaviculal dislocation", "treatment of acromioclaviculal dislocation ".&#x0D; Results: There are many methods of treating acromioclaviculal dislocation, ranging from conservative treatment to surgical treatment.&#x0D; Conclusions: Treating acute and chronic ACJ injuries is still a challenging task.The myriad of existing techniques is indicative for the uncertainty regarding this topic and a gold standard has not yet been determined. However, when diagnosed correctly and treated accordingly, results are overall satisfactory.

Verbs denoting authorial position: A contrastive Bulgarian-English study of medical research articles

The article addresses the issue of a specific discourse category, that of verbs expressing authorial stance in the context of the medical research article. A contrastive study is performed based on two corpora comprising original medical research articles in Bulgarian and English languages, respectively. All the articles have been excerpted from journals with high impact factors covering almost every field of medicine. All data have been processed with the help of word processing programmes to achieve a high level of accuracy. The paper looks into the most frequently used verbs both in the Bulgarian articles and the English ones. The analysis rests on a division of three types of verbs – factive, non-factive and counterfactive ones. Each of the presented verbs is analyzed in the light of this division supported by a number of exemplar sentences extracted from the corpora. One corollary that could be drawn is the fact that Bulgarian authors refrain to a large extent from expressing categorical disagreements which is not so characteristic of the authors in the English-language medical research articles.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE STATE HOSPITAL AS THE IMPACT OF INDONESIAN

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal consequences of implementing Indonesian Case Based Groups in Hospitals and to analyze government hospital laws on the implementation and services in hospitals as a result of the tariffs of Indonesian Case Based Groups. Several studies have found that a number of cases in hospitals have higher rates than BPJS Kesehatan payments, while other cases, for example with a lower severity level, hospital rates are still lower than INA-CBGs rates.The application of the INA-CBGS tariff in health services creates several legal consequences that intersect with administrative law in relation to abuse of authority, criminal law in relation to criminal acts of corruption and civil law in relation to the dispute resolution process, namely the existence of a mediation process beforehand. The form of legal protection for government hospitals in carrying out health services as a result of the INA CBGS Tariff is regulated in several regulations, namely as stated in Article 50 letter a. The Medical Practice Law and Article 75 of the Health Personnel Law, Article 45 of the Hospital Law paragraph (2), Article 58 of Law No. 36 of 2009 Concerning Health, and internally hospitals can also be regulated in Hospital by Laws and can also be in the form of a Director's Regulation Hospital.

IQOS - new heat-not-burn tobacco products and its impact on health

Introduction: Iqos and other heat-not-burn products according to tobacco companies are a safer alternative to cigarettes.&#x0D; The aim of this article is to objectively review the potential impact of iQOS® on human health by searching for and integrating published research findings.&#x0D; This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the scientific research conducted on the effects of Iqos use on human health, distinguishing between specific medical fields.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This study is based on medical articles collected from the PubMed database spanning the years 2016-2023. The research was conducted through the analysis of keywords such as "Iqos", "Heat not burn", and "Iqos health impact". &#x0D; Results: Tobacco heaters are seen as potentially less harmful. However, emerging research on their harmfulness clearly shows that despite reduced concentrations of compounds hazardous to health, the aerosol produced by heaters still contains the same harmful substances. Further studies show that the toxic impact of the aerosol is at a similar level to that of smoke from traditional cigarettes.

New technologies in the surgical treatment of wounds

Introduction: Many wounds are treated surgically. For many years the method itself consisted mainly in cleaning the wounds and bringing its edges closer together, either by strips for closing the wounds or by suturing the wound with classic sutures or staples. Recently, new methods have emerged to support wound healing, which are discussed in this article.&#x0D; Materials and methods: The basis of the work were medical articles collected in the PubMed database. The research was conducted by analyzing key words such as: "surgical treatment of wounds", "new technologies in wounds", "wound healing and new technologies", "dressings in wound treatment", "new methods of accelerating wound healing".&#x0D; Results: In the process of surgical wound treatment the basis is still the closure and connection of the edges of the wounds, which prevents infections, accelerates healing and improves the cosmetic effect. However this is not the final stage of wound healing. Equally important is the subsequent appropriate selection of the dressing - appropriate in terms of its composition of active substances and absorption properties. The choice of the right dressing has a large impact on the final effect and the avoidance of infections or the subsequent appearance of the scar. Now we also have many new technologies to help heal wounds. They help not only to reduce the risk of infection, but also accelerate the healing process and shorten the treatment time.

Expanding Interdisciplinarity: A Bibliometric Study of Medical Education Using the Medical Education Journal List-24 (MEJ-24).

Interdisciplinary research, which integrates input (e.g., data, techniques, theories) from two or more disciplines, is critical for solving wicked problems. Medical education research is assumed to be interdisciplinary. However, researchers have questioned this assumption. The present study, a conceptual replication, clarifies the nature of medical education interdisciplinarity by analyzing the citations of medical education journal articles. The authors retrieved the cited references of all articles in 22 medical education journals between 2001-2020 from Web of Science (WoS). We then identified the WoS classifications for the journals of each cited reference. We analyzed 31,283 articles referencing 723,683 publications. We identified 493,973 (68.3%) of those cited references in 6,618 journals representing 242 categories, which represents 94% of all WoS categories. Close to half of all citations were categorized as "education, scientific disciplines" and "healthcare sciences and services". Over the study period, the number of references consistently increased as did the representation of categories to include a diversity of topics such as business, management, and linguistics. Our study aligns with previous research, suggesting that medical education research could be described as inwardly focused. However, the observed growth of categories and their increasing diversity over time indicates that medical education displays increasing interdisciplinarity. Now visible, the field can raise awareness of and promote interdisciplinarity, if desired, by seeking and highlighting opportunities for future growth.