Intermediate Variable Research Articles

Inverse Calculation and Regularization Process for the Solar Aspect System (SAS) of HXI Payload on ASO-S Spacecraft

For the ASO-S/HXI payload, the accuracy of the flare reconstruction is reliant on important factors such as the alignment of the dual grating and the precise measurement of observation orientation. To guarantee optimal functionality of the instrument throughout its life cycle, the Solar Aspect System (SAS) is imperative to ensure that measurements are accurate and reliable. This is achieved by capturing the target motion and utilizing a physical model-based inversion algorithm. However, the SAS optical system’s inversion model is a typical ill-posed inverse problem due to its optical parameters, which results in small target sampling errors triggering unacceptable shifts in the solution. To enhance inversion accuracy and make it more robust against observation errors, we suggest dividing the inversion operation into two stages based on the SAS spot motion model. First, the as-rigid-as-possible (ARAP) transformation algorithm calculates the relative rotations and an intermediate variable between the substrates. Second, we solve an inversion linear equation for the relative translation of the substrates, the offset of the optical axes, and the observation orientation. To address the ill-posed challenge, the Tikhonov method grounded on the discrepancy criterion and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method founded on the Bayesian framework are utilized. The simulation results exhibit that the ARAP method achieves a solution with a rotational error of roughly ±3.″5 (1/2-quantile); both regularization techniques are successful in enhancing the stability of the solution, the variance of error in the MAP method is even smaller—it achieves a translational error of approximately ±18 μm (1/2-quantile) in comparison to the Tikhonov method’s error of around ±24 μm (1/2-quantile). Furthermore, the SAS practical application data indicates the method’s usability in this study. Lastly, this paper discusses the intrinsic interconnections between the regularization methods.

피부노화 인식이 이너뷰티 구매 행동의도에 미치는 영향 연구

There has been a rising demand for rational and professional skincare habits to slow down or prevent skin aging. Under these circumstances, inner-beauty products have recently played a major trend. This study attempted to investigate the perception of skin aging and inner-beauty product purchase behavior intention-related factors against adult women and analyze their correlations, and the results found the followings: First, the perception of skin aging had a statistically significant influence on inner-beauty purchase behavior intention. Second, the perception of skin aging revealed a statistically significant effect on skincare behavior. Third, skincare behavior affected inner-beauty purchase behavior intention with statistical significance. Fourth, skincare behavior between perception of skin aging and inner-beauty purchase behavior intention revealed a statistically significant influence as a mediator variable. The above results confirm that perception of skin aging and skincare behavior such as use of cosmetics have an influence on inner-beauty purchase behavior intention. It is anticipated that the study results would be available as basic data for developing inner-beauty products and marketing strategies.

The Effect of Information and Communication Sector Employees' Person-Environment Adaptation on Their Attitudes Towards Work: The Mediation Role of Organizational Trust

The effect of person-environment fit on the work attitudes of employees in the information and communication sector throughout Turkey is important in terms of organizational effectiveness and efficiency. In this context, the degree to which person-environment fit affects organizational trust and organizational trust on attitude towards work can also make a difference in employees' motivation and performance. For this purpose, an integrative model was developed and tested, suggesting that organizational trust mediates the effect of person-environment fit on employees' attitudes towards work. While developing the research hypotheses, they were based on the Condition Dependency Theory (CBK). The analysis of the data obtained with the applied survey method was made with SPSS 24.0. T Test and ANOVA method were used to measure the relationship between scale scores. Process analysis was applied for the mediation test, a model was created for each sub-dimension of person-environment fit and the mediating effect of each sub-dimension of the organizational trust mediator variable was examined. The analysis results showed that person-environment fit has an effect on attitude towards work and organizational trust has a mediating role in this effect. The findings support the developed research model. According to the analysis results, trust in colleagues was seen to be a strong determinant. In addition, it was determined that trust in the manager did not play a mediating role in any of the sub-dimensions of attitude towards work in the effect of person-environment fit on attitude towards work.

Actions of Expropriation in Family Companies: The Moderating Role of Independent Commissioner’s Control

This study examines the effects of the pyramid structure and disclosure of related party transactions on acts of expropriation in family companies with the independent commissioner’s control as a moderation. This research is a type of quantitative research. This research uses secondary data from annual reports from 31 family companies in 2017- 2018. The data analysis techniques in this research are descriptive statistics, panel data regression analysis, and moderated regression analysis. The study finds that the pyramid structure does not affect expropriation, while disclosure of related party transactions has a negative effect on expropriation. The interaction test shows that the mediator variable could not mediate the pyramid structure and expropriation. Conversely, the moderating variable is able to moderate the disclosure of related party transactions and expropriation. The results of this research can provide input to policymakers to tighten regulations regarding protection for minority shareholders. In addition, the results of this research will add to the government’s references in expanding rules related to the disclosure of related party transactions, especially regarding the supervision of related party transactions carried out by companies.

The Role of Self-compassion as a Mediator Between Insomnia, Depression, and Anxiety

PurposeInsomnia, depression, and anxiety are associated constructs with direct impact on health and quality of life. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely understudied. One of the possible intermediary variables underlying these associations might be self-compassion. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to specifically examine if self-compassion mediates the relationship between insomnia and depression (and vice versa) and insomnia and anxiety (and vice versa).MethodsData from 494 individuals were collected. The participants were recruited from the general population and filled out an online survey containing a set of self-reported measures of insomnia severity, depression, and anxiety.ResultsThe findings indicated that insomnia effect on depression operates through self-compassion (b = 0.08; 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]), whereas the effect of depression on insomnia through self-compassion was not supported. Regarding anxiety, it was observed that self-compassion has a mediating effect on the relationship between insomnia and anxiety (b = 0.06; 95% CI [0.03, 0.09]). Cross-sectional design of the study does not allow to infer causal relationships. Mediator variable did not support the indirect effect of anxiety on insomnia.ConclusionSelf-compassion seems to be an important factor to be taken into account in preventive and intervention programs for insomnia.

How leader-member exchange affects work outcomes in small-and-medium enterprises?

Orientation: Employees with a collectivistic culture want the closeness and support of their leaders. How leader-member exchange (LMX), perceived organisational support (POS), job satisfaction (JS) and organisational commitment (OC) influence each other still requires in-depth research because there are differences between the results of previous studies.Research purpose: This study examined the relationship model of LMX and POS as antecedent, mediator and moderator variables on work outcomes such as JS and OC in small- and medium enterprises (SMEs) with a collectivistic culture and high-power distance.Motivation for the study: Leadership in SMEs gets less attention because of its role in managing and carrying out operational activities.Research approach/design and method: Data were collected from 427 employees using questionnaires with purposive sampling, which was tested for validity and reliability. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and multi-group SEM were used to test the relationship model.Main findings: The results of testing four relationship models proved that the LMX relationship did not directly affect JS and OC but was mediated by POS. LMX can also be a mediator and moderator of the relationship model.Practical/managerial implications: This study emphasises the need to minimise the differences between in-group and out-group in the leaders-followers relationship to improve employee performance. Leaders must expand the range of their relationships with followers to improve work outcomes.Contribution/value-add: This study examined LMX as an important predictor of work outcomes with clearer mechanisms. LMX cannot be a predictor if employees do not feel the leader’s support as a representative of the organisation.

Using joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data to investigate the causal effect of salvage therapy after prostatectomy.

Prostate cancer patients who undergo prostatectomy are closely monitored for recurrence and metastasis using routine prostate-specific antigen measurements. When prostate-specific antigen levels rise, salvage therapies are recommended in order to decrease the risk of metastasis. However, due to the side effects of these therapies and to avoid over-treatment, it is important to understand which patients and when to initiate these salvage therapies. In this work, we use the University of Michigan Prostatectomy Registry Data to tackle this question. Due to the observational nature of this data, we face the challenge that prostate-specific antigen is simultaneously a time-varying confounder and an intermediate variable for salvage therapy. We define different causal salvage therapy effects defined conditionally on different specifications of the longitudinal prostate-specific antigen history. We then illustrate how these effects can be estimated using the framework of joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. All proposed methodology is implemented in the freely-available R package JMbayes2.

Determinants of consumer adoption of multilingual self-service ordering systems in fast food restaurants

Due to the increasing number of international exchanges, foreign users have gradually become a significant consumer segment. Many of them are not proficient in the local language. Providing them with native language services will be an important trend, both from a business and a humanistic perspective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the fast-food restaurant ordering system that can provide multilingual services for foreigners, and to investigate factors that influence fast food restaurant consumers to adopt multilingual self-service ordering systems. Based on the characteristics of foreign users, we have proposed experience factors such as convenience, translation quality, social anxiety, and the Flow. According to research, the convenience of the service has a strong direct impact on consumers' intention to use, social anxiety has a weak direct impact on consumers' intention to use, and translation quality has a weak direct impact on consumers' intention to use through the intermediate variable of social anxiety. Particularly, Flow experience is not associated with intention to use. The Flow state is one in which users are completely immersed and do not notice time or the surroundings when the perceived difficulty of a task matches their abilities. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the customer evaluation criteria for multilingual self-service systems, as well as to establish the MSSS model for future research on multilingual self-service systems.

Examining the Relationship Between Metacognitive Learning Strategies and Positive-Negative Life Experiences in Adolescents in Terms of Cognitive and Emotion Regulation Mediator Variables

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognitive learning strategies, positive– negative life experiences, and cognitive emotional regulation in adolescents. In addition, adolescents’ metacognitive learning strategies, positive– negative life experiences, and cognitive emotional regulation variables were examined by addressing demographic variablessuch as gender, grade level, family income level, and family attitudes. The sample of the study was 623 students in Ereğli district of Konya. Because of the research, there is a significant difference between adolescents’ positive and negative life experiences and gender. There was no significant difference between adolescents’ positive and negative life experiences and grade level. There is a significant difference between adolescents’ positive and negative life experiences and parental attitude variables. There was no significant difference between adolescents’ positive and negative life experiences and income level variables.

The Mediating Role of Learning Analytics

Researchers in learning analytics have created indicators with learners’ trace data as a proxy for studying learner behaviour in a college course. Student Approaches to Learning (SAL) is one of the theories used to explain these behaviours, distinguishing between deep, surface, and organized study. In Latin America, researchers have demonstrated that organized approaches to learning could be more effective in higher education, leading to better performance and course approval. However, further analysis of student behavioural data is needed to understand this relationship and inform interventions targeting study habits and academic performance. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between student approaches to learning and their final grade in six college courses, using behavioural trace data as a mediator variable. Specifically, we conducted a quantitative study in two Latin American institutions where data of different granularity was collected from their Learning Management Systems. We observed that most learning analytics indicators do not mediate the effect between approaches to learning and course performance. However, there was evidence for fine-grained indicators acting as total mediators. Implications are discussed at methodological and pedagogical levels, aiming to inform the advancement of learning analytics in the region and its use for supporting student learning.

The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as Mediation Variables (Case Study PT. BPR Eka Ayu Artha Bhuwana)

This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The independent variables in this research are organizational culture and work motivation. The dependent variable in this research is employee performance and the mediating variable in this research is job satisfaction. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation, interviews and questionnaires. The data used is primary data and secondary data, with a research sample of 32 people who are employees of PT. BPR Eka Ayu Artha Bhuwana. Hypothesis testing is carried out using a variance-based Structural Equation Model (SEM) or what is called Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the research show that organizational culture has a positive but not significant effect on job satisfaction, work motivation has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction, organizational culture has a significant positive effect on employee performance, work motivation has a positive and not significant effect on employee performance, job satisfaction has a positive and not significant effect on performance employees, job satisfaction is not a mediation of the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance and job satisfaction is not a mediation of work motivation on employee performance.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan Dan Efikasi Diri Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Dengan Motivasi Berwirauaha Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Manajemen Angkatan 2019 Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro)

Based on the latest data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows that as of February 2022, Indonesia's unemployment rate was recorded at 5.83 percent of the total working age population of 208.54 million people. Which astonishing, of the 5.83 percent, almost 14% were residents diploma and bachelor degree (S1) graduates. Based on these data state Indonesia it self still really needs new entrepreneurs, because It is hoped that with the increasing number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia, create new jobs, reduce unemployment and also can help improve the economy of the surrounding community as well country. This research has a goal, namely to find out whether Entrepreneurial knowledge influences the interest in entrepreneurship. For determine whether self-efficacy affects the interest in entrepreneurship. For determine whether entrepreneurial knowledge affects motivation entrepreneurship. To find out whether self-efficacy has an effect on entrepreneurial motivation. To find out whether entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy influences the interest in entrepreneurship with motivation entrepreneurship as an intervening variable. The sample of this research is Class of 2019 Management Student at Muhammadiyah Metro University as many as 102 students. Data collection using a questionnaire, and data analysis using validity test, reliability test, normality test, test linearity, Heteroscedasticity Test, Multicollinearity Test, linear regression analysis multiple, t test, f test, r determination test, and Regression Analysis of Mediation Variables With the Causal Step Method using the program (SPSS). Results research shows that there is a positive and significant influence Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Interests, there is a positive and significant influence on Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Efficacy Self on Entrepreneurial Motivation, and there is a positive and significant influence Entrepreneurship Knowledge and Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Interests With Entrepreneurial Motivation as an Intervening Variable.

Unified finite‐time fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy singular systems

SummaryWith the aid of a proportional integral framework, the presented article focuses on the problems of finite‐time boundedness and fault estimation for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy singular systems subject to time delays, faults and external disturbances. To commence, we conjure up a fuzzy‐dependent intermediate variable and from thereon, a proportional integral‐based fuzzy intermediate estimator is constructed. Moreover, the constructed estimator precisely facilitates for estimating the fault signals and system states in simultaneously. Besides this, the integral term in the proportional integral estimator offers greater design flexibility and higher resilience. Secondly, an intermediate estimator‐based fault‐tolerant control is devised by availing the information from the proportional integral‐based fuzzy intermediate estimator, which aids in effectively compensating the faults arising in the system. Subsequently, by setting up an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, the set of adequate requirements asserting the finite‐time boundedness with the endorsed mixed and passivity performance index is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. After that, an explicit framework for the requisite gain matrices can be found forth basing on the formed linear matrix inequality criteria. Ultimately, simulation findings are supplied to evaluate the utility and applicability of the theoretical insights.

Adopting Innovations in Agri-Tech Sector for a Sustainable Future

The global food chain has been affected by climate change and geopolitical conflicts. To guarantee access to food, food production must be increased as predicted in the next 30 years, the world's population is to surpass 10 billion. This study aims to examine current and future developments in the food industry with a particular emphasis on how agri-tech companies and startups will react. The main purpose is to examine how agri-tech innovations are adopted, to identify the capacity-building requirements for improved data utilization, and to look at the financial and intermediary variables impacting innovation uptake.

An Integrated Perspective : The Impact of Digital Financial Knowledge and Self-Esteem on Financial Behavior in the Lives of College Students

This research aims to analyze the impact of digital financial knowledge on college students’ financial behavior, and the involvement of self-esteem as a mediator variable. This study used a quantitative survey method. The sample used was a group of 249 undergraduate students majoring in accounting education at Universitas Sebelas Maret and Universitas Negeri Semarang. A conceptual model, containing hypotheses outlining the impact was constructed and assessed through validity, reliability, frequency statistics and path analysis. The findings indicated a direct and positive correlation of digital financial knowledge on financial behavior. This research contributes fresh perspectives by providing both practical and theoretical insights into the variables employed in the study.

Systemic Agility and Job Strain: A Mediation Model

While turbulent environments and crises have an impact on Job Strain and create stress within the companies, there are many approaches about how to adapt and thrive in an increasingly turbulent operating environment, however the extant literature on the subject is mainly qualitative. The case study examines the impact of VUCAness, defined as the level of turbulence in the operating environment (independent variable) on Job Strain (dependent variable), mediated by the Systemic Agility (mediating variable), defined as the level of cultural agility. The mediation variable is assessed using the significant domains that emerge from our review of the literature and quantifies the positioning of the observed organisations on a continuum between legacy and agile culture, between modern and postmodern perspectives. Job strain is measured by Karasek's established Job Content Questionnaire. The case study illustrates the partial mediation effect of the Systemic Agility, on Job Strain using 307 observations collected in a company group made of two distinct groups. The study confirms the partial mediation effect of Systemic Agility on Job Strain and suggests that, above a certain level of agility, the mediation effect turns from negative to positive, reducing the stress induced by the operating environment. This quantitative case study suggests that the agile culture mediates stress at the workplace under turbulent working conditions.

(Re)defining Motor Competence: Empirical Exploration Based on a Moderated Mediation Approach

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of the study was to empirically support a broader motor competence moderated mediation approach in which motor coordination is the predictor variable and motor competence self-perception is the outcome variable, anxiety and self-esteem are mediator variables, and gender is the moderator variable. Method: 327 year-4 Primary Education pupils participated. A conditional processes analysis was performed by macro PROCESS v.3.4. Results: For the moderation effects, interactions appeared between motor coordination and gender when taking self-esteem, anxiety and motor competence self-perception as outcome variables. Interactions were found between self-esteem and gender when anxiety and motor competence self-perception were taken as outcome variables. An interaction appeared between anxiety and gender when motor competence self-perception was considered an outcome variable. A significant direct effect was noted between the motor coordination variable and motor competence self-perception for both genders. The moderated mediation indices supported the indirect conditional effects of motor coordination when partially and jointly bearing in mind the moderator effect of gender on motor competence self-perception by means of self-esteem and anxiety. Conclusions: The results reveal the importance of understanding motor competence by more globally contemplating not only students’ motor learning, but also their cognitive and psycho-emotional reality.

PENGARUH PERCEIVED USEFULNESS TERHADAP CONTINUANCE INTENTION TO USE PADA PENGGUNA MOBILE PAYMENT DANA DENGAN SATISFACTION SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

The purpose of this study is to analyze (1) the effect of perceived Usefulness on continuance intention to use (2) the effect of perceived Usefulness on satisfaction (3) the effect of satisfaction on continuance intention to use (4) the effect of perceived Usefulness on continuance intention to use with satisfaction as a mediation variable. this type of research is quantitative descriptive research, the number of samples in this study is 144 respondents using techniques purposive sampling, data analysis method using SEM analysis using Smart PLS 4 applications. The results of the study are (1) there is a significant influence between perceived Usefulness on continuance intention to use (2) there is a significant influence between perceived Usefulness on satisfaction (3) there is a significant influence between satisfaction on continuance intention to use (4) there is a significant influence between perceived Usefulness on continuance intention to use with satisfaction as a mediation variable.

Trait mindfulness's effect on junior high school students' social anxiety: psychological resilience acts as a mediation factor

The current research studied one's connection between trait mindfulness and social anxiety in junior high school students using mental resilience as an intermediary variable. The Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) were used for providing a survey to 276 Chinese junior high school students. The key findings were as follows: 1) Social anxiety, psychological resilience, and trait mindfulness were found to be significantly correlated; 2) Psychological resilience acted as a partial mediating factor in establishing a link between trait mindfulness and social anxiety among junior high school students. Thus, the more trait mindfulness junior high school children have, the less social anxiety they experience, with psychological resilience serving as a partly mediation role. All things considered, this results explain this process by which trait mindfulness impacts social anxiety in this age range, providing guidance for interventions aimed at reducing social anxiety in junior high school kids.

Personality Traits, Burnout, and Psychopathology in Healthcare Professionals in Intensive Care Units-A Moderated Analysis.

This study explored the associations between personality dimensions, burnout, and psychopathology in healthcare professionals in intensive care units (ICUs). This study further aimed to discern the differences in these relationships when considering the variables of critical care experience (less than 5 years, 5-10 years, and more than 10 years), profession (nurses versus intensivists), and the urban size of the city where the ICU is located (metropolitan cities versus smaller urban cities). This cross-sectional investigation's outcomes are based on data from 503 ICU personnel, including 155 intensivists and 348 nurses, in 31 ICU departments in Greece. Participants underwent a comprehensive assessment involving a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). To analyze the interplay among critical care experience, burnout status, and psychopathology, a moderation analysis was conducted with personality dimensions (i.e., psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism) serving as the mediator variable. Profession and the urban size of the ICU location were considered as moderators influencing these relationships. Male healthcare professionals showed higher psychoticism levels than females, aligning with prior research. Experienced nurses reported lower personal achievement, hinting at potential motivation challenges for professional growth. Psychoticism predicted high depersonalization and low personal achievement. Neuroticism and psychoticism negatively impacted ICU personnel's mental well-being, reflected in elevated psychopathology scores and burnout status. Psychoticism appears to be the primary factor influencing burnout among the three personality dimensions, particularly affecting intensivists. In contrast, nurses are more influenced by their critical care experience on their mental health status.