Intermediate Variable Research Articles

Transformational leadership and organizational learning culture in the health sector: The mediating and moderating role of intrinsic work motivation.

Transformational leadership and organizational learning culture have become exciting topics to be explored over the last few decades. However, several previous studies have shown certain inconclusive findings regarding the link between transformational leadership and organizational learning culture. This study fills this gap by developing a clear model and aims to examine the extent of the impact of (1) transformational leadership on organizational learning culture and intrinsic work motivation, (2) intrinsic work motivation on organizational learning culture, (3) intrinsic work motivation in mediating and moderating the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational learning culture. The data of this study are collected from employees working at the community health center in Indonesia. A partial least squares (PLS) based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique is used to analyze the data by utilizing the SmartPLS 3.0 software package. First, the results concluded that transformational leadership has a significant impact on organizational learning culture and intrinsic work motivation. Second, intrinsic work motivation has a significant impact on organizational learning culture. Third, intrinsic work motivation fully mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational learning culture. Also, intrinsic work motivation moderates these variables' relationships. The theoretical model of previous research on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational learning culture with intrinsic work motivation as a mediator and moderator variable has yet to be fully developed both in public and private organizations, particularly in the health sector.

A new method to improve precipitation estimates by blending multiple satellite/reanalysis-based precipitation products and considering observations and terrestrial water budget balance

Merging multiple satellite/reanalysis-based precipitation products (SPPs) is a critical way to improve the accuracy of spatial precipitation (P) estimation. In this paper, a new method was proposed to merge multiple SPPs by considering rain gauge-based observations and water budget closure. Based on the errors of SPPs at gauged regions, the proposed method first estimates the mesh-based errors of SPPs as the intermediate variable using the error in water budget closure and then calculates the respective merging weights of SPPs in data merging. The performance of this proposed method was verified by comparing its results with the input of original SPPs and the data merged by five existing merging methods in mainland China at mesh scale and in nine major basins. Two scenarios were designed for the period from 2003.02 to 2016.12 at a monthly temporal resolution − with and without water budget closure constraints. Seven popular SPPs were considered, including GPM IMERG, PERSIANN, GSMaP, CHIRPS, ERA5, CFSV2, and TerraClimate. The results showed that the proposed method improved the P estimates in terms of CC, RMSE, MAE, PBIAS and KGE in both scenarios, and that closing the terrestrial water budget would slightly reduce the accuracy of SPPs against observations. The reduction percentage is about 5% in term of CC and KGE, and 12% in term of RMSE. This study is the first attempt to merge SPPs and gauge-based rain observation with consideration of water budget closure. It provides not only an effective and robust tool for the merging of multiple SPPs, but also important insights into the further development of SPP merging methods by considering water budget closure.

Determinants of User Satisfaction with Service Quality as Mediator at the Central Unit of Library Services and Manuscripts Collections of the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia

According to Law no. 43 of 2007 Libraries are institutions that manage collections of written works, printed works and/or artistic works professionally with a good system to meet the educational, research, preservation, information and recreational needs of users. The National Library of the Republic of Indonesia is the national institution that implements this law. The aim of this research is to analyze user satisfaction at the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia at the Central Unit of Library Services and Manuscript Collections and analyze service quality as a mediator variable. The variables used as factors influencing user satisfaction in this research are facilities and information technology. The research was conducted by surveying 100 visiting users using convenience sampling techniques. Data analysis was carried out using path analysis. The results of the research are that there is an influence of facilities and information technology on service quality and service quality has an influence on user satisfaction. Service quality is a mediating variable, meaning that user satisfaction is influenced by facilities both directly and indirectly through service quality and user satisfaction is influenced by information technology both directly and indirectly through service quality.

THE IMPACT OF ANCHOR CHARACTERISTICS ON CUSTOMERS' SUSTAINABLE FOLLOW IN E-COMMERCE LIVE BROADCAST—BASED ON THE SURVEY OF TIKTOK USERS IN CHINA

With the development of Internet commerce, live broadcast has become a new e-commerce milestone. This study uses SOR model for reference, taking customer perceived value and customer flow experience as intermediary variables, to explore the impact of anchor characteristics on the sustainable follow of customers in the live broadcast room. The research findings demonstrate that the credibility, professionalism, interactivity, and attractiveness of e-commerce anchors have a significant positive impact on customer perceived value and customer flow experience. Customer perceived value and customer flow experience positively influence the sustainable retention of customers in live broadcast rooms. Moreover, these factors act as mediators between the characteristics of e-commerce anchors and the sustainable retention of customers. Therefore, it is imperative for live broadcast e-commerce merchants to adapt their strategies based on anchor attributes in order to enhance customer perceived value and improve customer flow experience. This will effectively guide customers towards sustained engagement and yield favorable marketing outcomes. It is helpful for e-commerce anchors to effectively reduce customer loss and form customer loyalty, and also provides a reference for enterprises to use live broadcast e-commerce for product sales and brand promotion.

Design an omnidirectional autonomous mobile robot based on non‐linear optimal control to track a specified path

AbstractThis paper explores two non‐linear control techniques for designing an effective control system for an omnidirectional autonomous mobile robot with four Mecanum wheels. Due to the unique wheel structure and four separate wheels, the robot has non‐linear dynamics, multiple inputs and outputs. The first technique uses the state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) to address optimal non‐linear control while considering energy and time constraints. The second technique, using an intermediate variable , has expanded the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Belman equation in terms of the power series. Consequently, these equations are reduced to a set of recursive Lyapunov algebraic equations, leading to a closed‐form solution for solving the non‐linear optimal control problem. Finally, the maneuverability and path‐tracking capability of the robot are examined by highlighting the non‐linear term through numerical simulation.

The influence of technological preparedness on trust in e-commerce by South African SMEs with demographics as mediation variables

This study investigates the impact of Technological Preparedness on trust in e-commerce by SMEs in South Africa. The study examined the role of an organisation’s Technological Preparedness in influencing the use of e-commerce. A positivist research paradigm and quantitative research approach underpins this study. Demographical factors were used as control variables. A total of 497 respondents participated in the research, and the findings highlighted the significance of Technological Preparedness in influencing trust in e-commerce by SMEs in South Africa. The findings suggest that demographics such as Age, Gender, Education Level, Province of origin, Business Category, and Internet Experience had little or no influence on trust in e-commerce compared to Technological Preparedness. The technological limitations SMEs experience significantly influence their trust in e-commerce, impacting their adoption and usage of e-commerce in their businesses. This study contributes to the existing literature on the adoption of technology by SMEs in developing countries. It provides insights for policymakers to develop effective policies that support the usage of e-commerce by SMEs to facilitate growth and sustainability. Based on the findings, government policies should improve to focus more on addressing technological issues and empower SMEs to enhance their preparedness to adopt e-commerce.

Role Emotion Intelligence Towards Work-Life Balance with Support Family as Mediator Variables

Role Emotion Intelligence Towards Work-Life Balance with Support Family as Mediator Variables

Exploring Causal Relationships in Mental Health Literacy Through Twitter Content: A Machine Learning Approach

IntroductionThe concept of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is inherently multidimensional. However, the interrelationships among its various dimensions remain insufficiently elucidated. In recent years, the textual analysis of social media posts has emerged as a promising methodological approach for longitudinal research in this domain.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether temporal causal associations exist between recognition of mental illness (R), mental illness stigma (S), help-seeking efficacy (HE), maintenance of positive mental health (M), and help-seeking attitude (HA).MethodsTweets were collocted at three distinct time points: T1, T2, and T3, spanning the period from November 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. We employed a machine-learning approach to categorize the posts into five MHL facets. Using these facets, we trained a machine learning model, specifically Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), to determine the MHL scores. To be eligible, an account must have an R facet score at T1, and M, S, HE facet scores at T2, as well as an HA facet score at T3. In total, we retrieved 4,471,951 MHL-related tweets from 941 users. We further employed structural equation modeling to validate the causal relationships within the MHL framework.ResultsIn the evaluation, BERT achieved average accuracy scores exceeding 89% across the five MHL facets in the validation set, along with F1-scores ranging between 0.75 and 0.89. Among the five MHL facets—maintenance of positive mental health, recognition of mental illness, help-seeking efficacy, and help-seeking attitudes—each demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation with the others. Conversely, mental illness stigma exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation with the remaining four facets. In the analysis using single-mediation models, each of the individual mediator variables—namely, mental illness stigma, help-seeking efficacy, and maintenance of positive mental health—exhibited significant indirect effects. In the multiple-mediation model, two mediator variables—help-seeking efficacy and maintenance of positive mental health—demonstrated significant indirect effects. These findings suggested that the recognition of mental illness exerted an influence on help-seeking attitudes through one or more of these mediators.ConclusionsBy leveraging machine learning techniques for the textual analysis of social media and employing a longitudinal research design with panel data, this study elucidates the potential mechanisms through which the MHL framework influences attitudes toward seeking mental health services. These insights hold significant implications for the design of future interventions and the development of targeted policies aimed at promoting help-seeking behaviors.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Peran Job Satisfaction sebagai Pemediasi Pengaruh Employee Engagement dan Organizational Commitment Terhadap Employee Performance

Management is a process of coordinating activities with the aim of time efficiency through cooperation with others. The company will be able to achieve organizational goals if it has employees with good performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of employee engagement, organizational commitment on employee performance using job satisfaction as a mediation variable. This research is a quantitative study with explanatory research method to prove the research hypotheses. Data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires to 88 respondents, and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). The result of this study show that employee engagement directly affects employee performance, organizational commitment directly affects employee performance, Job satisfaction mediates the influence of employee engagement on employee performance and Job satisfaction mediates the influence of organizational commitment on employee performance.

Structural effect of principals change leadership on e-learning effectiveness

<span lang="EN-US">The aim of this research was to investigating the structural effect of the principal change leadership on the effectiveness of online-based learning with teacher work commitment and teacher attitudes towards change as mediator variables, which were approached quantitatively. Multilevel stratified proportional random sampling technique is used in sampling, while inclusion criteria are principals and teachers of primary schools who are still active in Kutai Kartanegara, Samarinda and Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis technique is used in this research. The results of the study show that the principals’ change leadership has a direct effect on the effectiveness of online-based learning, as well as an indirect effect through teacher work commitment and teacher attitudes towards change. This research contributes both theoretically and practically, where the change leadership demonstrated by the principal can ideally encourage teacher work commitment and teacher attitudes towards change, which in turn can promote the effectiveness of the implementation of online learning, as an effort to meet student learning needs.</span>

Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework-based weighting approach.

Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are matters of huge concern worldwide, with an increasing trend in prevalence over the previous decade. First of all, this study aimed to evaluate the association between economic status (ES) and body mass index (BMI), ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes, and BMI and comorbidity independently. Second, it explored the mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Finally, it investigated whether the mediating effect differs with the place of residence, gender, and education levels. A total of 11,291 complete cases from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017-18 were utilized for this study. Survey-based binary logistic regression or multiple logistic regression was used to find the association among outcome, exposure, and mediator variables, and a counterfactual framework-based weighting approach was utilized for mediation analysis. Middle-income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.219, 2.360) and rich (AOR: 2.770, CI: 2.054, 3.736) respondents were more likely to have comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes compared to the poor. The odds of comorbidity increased with the increase in BMI. A positive association was observed between ES and BMI. A significant mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity was found. We observed that 19.85% (95% CI: 11.50%, 49.6%) and 20.35% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.3%) of total effect was mediated by BMI for middle and rich respondents, respectively, compared to the poor. The mediating role of BMI was greater for female, no or primary educated respondents, and respondents from rural areas. Therefore, the study will facilitate policymakers of Bangladesh and other countries with a similar set-up to decide on health policies regarding hypertension and diabetes.

Fixed-Time Adaptive Parameter Estimation for Hammerstein Systems Subject to Dead-Zone

The Hammerstein model has proven its ability for modeling many industrial servo systems, but the corresponding parameter estimation remains as a challenging problem, especially for the purpose of achieving fast convergence. This paper presents a fixed-time (FxT) adaptive parameter estimation scheme for Hammerstein systems with an asymmetric dead-zone to ensure the convergence of estimated parameters in fixed-time. A continuous piecewise linear (CPL) function is adopted to model the nonlinear dead-zone dynamics to remedy the use of intermediate variable. To avoid using the system state information, a K-filter is used to construct a relationship between the unknown system parameters and the input/output signals. Then a new adaptive law based on the parameter error and the FxT scheme is developed to online estimate the lumped unknown parameters and ensure the fixed-time convergence, where an online updated auxiliary variable of regressor is suggested to eliminate the impact of the regressor on the convergence performance. Both numerical simulations and experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methods.

Factors Affecting Repurchase Intention

This research endeavors to scrutinize the determinants influencing consumers' satisfaction for repurchasing intention on the Shopee platform, with customer satisfaction posited as an intermediary variable. Employing a quantitative methodology, data from respondents were collected through a google form survey. The sampling strategy involved convenience sampling, yielding a cohort of 102 participants. Data analysis was executed using a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), validated through SmartPls 3.0. The findings indicated that delivery service, brand reputation, and cashback promotions exerted a favorable impact on customer satisfaction, thereby positively influencing repurchase intentions. Moreover, customer satisfaction emerged as a mediating factor in the correlation between service delivery and repurchase intentions, as well as between cashback promotions and repurchase intentions.

Two-Point Localization Algorithm of a Magnetic Target Based on Tensor Geometric Invariant.

Currently, magnetic gradient tensor-based localization methods face challenges such as significant errors in geomagnetic field estimation, susceptibility to local optima in optimization algorithms, and inefficient performance. In addressing these issues, this article propose a two-point localization method under the constraint of overlaying geometric invariants. This method initially establishes the relationship between the target position and the magnetic gradient tensor by substituting an intermediate variable for the magnetic moment. Exploiting the property of the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum absolute eigenvalue being perpendicular to the target position vector, this constraint is superimposed to formulate a nonlinear system of equations of the target's position. In the process of determining the target position, the Nara method is employed for obtaining the initial values, followed by the utilization of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to derive a precise solution. Experimental validation through both simulations and experiments confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate its capability to overcome the challenges faced by a single-point localization method in the presence of some errors in geomagnetic field estimation. In comparison to traditional two-point localization methods, the proposed method exhibits the highest precision. The localization outcomes under different noise conditions underscore the robust noise resistance and resilience of the proposed method.

SOCIAL VISIBILITY OF CONSUMPTION AS A PHENOMENON DRIVING THE SELF-EXPRESSION AND TRAVEL INTENTION OF MUSLIM TOURISTS

This study aims to empirically predict the relationship between social visibility of consumption and word-of-mouth communication (e-WOM) and travel intention, with self-expression as the mediator variable. Survey data obtained from 483 tourists who follow the Halal Booking online travel agency on Facebook and Instagram was analyzed Structural Equation Modeling SEM. Results revealed that the social visibility of consumption among Muslim tourists positively affected selfexpression (spiritual and social), e-WOM and travel intention. This research was able to promote ways on how social media can best promote travel destinations among Muslim travelers.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPETENCY AND TRAINING ON PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE

This study is focused on the dynamics of service quality issues in 2020–2021, which highlight issues with inpatient nurses' patient care performance. This study aimed to gather proof of the connection between competence and training and nursing performance, with job motivation as an intermediary variable. A cross-sectional study involving 135 inpatient nurses was used in the research design using a straightforward random sampling method. The sampling strategy used probability and saturation samples to sample the complete population. The study's findings demonstrate that competency and training have a direct, favorable, and significant impact on work motivation and performance and that work motivation positively mediates the relationship between competency and training and nurse performance. That performance directly favors and significantly impacts work motivation. If there is work motivation, competence, and training can be higher to improve nurse performance.

Centralized load decoupling of a rotational multi-axis force sensor for measuring wheel-terrain interaction forces

For ensuring the safe mobility of off-road wheeled mobile robots (WMRs), the rotational multi-axis force sensor (RMFS) plays an important role in measuring the wheel-terrain interaction forces. However, the existing decoupling models cannot fully describe the coupling process of the RMFS when it is subjected to centralized loads, which is a common condition for off-road WMRs. A corrected decoupling model is proposed by taking elastic strains as the intermediate variable such that the coupling errors caused by centralized loads can be avoided. The proposed decoupling model replaces the original rotation matrix with a corrected matrix whose elements are odd harmonic functions. The calibration experiments indicate that the corrected model can reduce the variance of calibration error rate from 1.95% to 0.054% compared with another representative machine learning-based decoupling model. A set of simulation and physical tests also demonstrate that the decoupling model have good repeatability, accuracy and anti-vibration capability.

Financial Sustainability Perusahaan BUMN Sektor Transportasi Laut: DER Sebagai Variabel Mediasi

The concept of sea toll is one of the maritime transportation programs or strategies implemented by the government in improving inter-island relations and supporting economic growth. So that financial sustainability is important related to the sustainability of the policy. This study uses an independent variable, namely Return On Assets (ROA) with a dependent variable Financial Sustainability with Debt To Total Equity (DER) as a mediation variable. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of Debt To Total Equity (DER) in mediating the variable Return On Assets (ROA) on Financial Sustainability. This research uses the object of research of state-owned companies engaged in sea transportation, namely PT. PELNI and PT. ASDP. Data is obtained from financial statements. The results show that the result of two-tailled probality value is 0.20127969 > 0.05. The results can be concluded that Debt to Total Equity (Z) does not mediate Return on Asets (ROA) to financial sustainability.

Using causal mediation to examine self-efficacy as a mechanism through which continuing care interventions reduce alcohol use.

Understanding the causal mechanisms through which telephone and mobile health continuing care approaches reduce alcohol use can help develop more efficient interventions that effectively target these mechanisms. Self-efficacy for successfully coping with high-risk alcohol relapse situations is a theoretically and empirically supported mediator of alcohol treatment. This secondary analysis aims to examine self-efficacy as a mechanism through which remote-delivered continuing care interventions reduce alcohol use. The study included 262 adults (Mage = 46.9, SD = 7.4) who had completed 3 weeks of an intensive outpatient alcohol treatment program. The sample was predominantly male (71%), African American (82%), and completed a high school education (71%). The four-arm randomized clinical trial compared three active continuing care interventions (telephone monitoring and counseling [TMC], addiction comprehensive health enhancement support system [ACHESS], and combined delivery of TMC and ACHESS) to usual care and assessed longitudinal measures of alcohol use and self-efficacy. Analyses employed the potential outcomes framework and sensitivity analyses to address threats to causal inference resulting from an observed mediator variable. Relative to usual care, the two intervention conditions that included TMC reduced alcohol use through improvements to self-efficacy. There was no evidence that self-efficacy mediated the effect of ACHESS on alcohol use. Based on our findings, self-efficacy is an important mechanism through which telephone continuing care interventions affect alcohol use. Future research to identify which components of TMC influence self-efficacy and factors that mediate ACHESS effects could enhance the effectiveness of remote delivery of continuing care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Influence of Workload and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Employees of Perumda Tirta Mangutama Badung District with Work Motivation as Mediation Variables

Employee performance is not yet optimal, seen from the effectiveness of resolving complaints and grievances. Employee performance refers to individual work performance which is regulated based on standards or criteria set by an organization. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of workload and job satisfaction on employee performance with work motivation as a mediating variable. The population in this study were all permanent employees of Perumda Tirta Mangutama, totaling 293. The sample was determined using the Slovin formula with the sampling technique used was proportional stratified random sampling, so that 75 respondents were obtained. The data analysis method used uses descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The research results show that workload has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Workload has a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on work motivation. The mediating effect of work motivation shows that work motivation acts as a partial mediator on the influence of workload and job satisfaction on employee performance.