Regression Mediation Analyses Research Articles

Digital Dilemma of Cyberbullying Victimization among High School Students: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associations with Stress and Mental Well-Being

Cyberbullying has emerged as a pervasive problem among high school students, with potentially severe consequences for their mental well-being. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and associations of cyberbullying with stress and mental well-being among high school students in Zagazig, Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 562 high school students using a random sampling technique. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Cyberbullying Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, multiple regression, mediation, and logistic regression analyses were employed for data analysis. The prevalence of cyberbullying victimization was 38.3%, with 20.6% exposed to two or three cyberbullying behaviors and 4.1% exposed to four or more. Female students, those under 18 years old, those with lower educational achievement, and those with higher daily internet use were more likely to experience cyberbullying. Cyberbullied students reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress and poorer mental well-being compared to non-cyberbullied students. Perceived stress likely mediated the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and general psychological health. Cyberbullying is a significant problem among high school students in Zagazig, Egypt, with detrimental effects on their stress levels and mental well-being. Targeted interventions and prevention strategies are needed to address cyberbullying and promote the well-being of adolescents in the digital age.

The mediating role of risk tolerance in the relationship between behavioural factors of small investors and investment decisions in the saudi stock market

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of risk tolerance in the relationship between behavioural factors of small investors and investment decisions in the Saudi stock market. A random sample of small investors in the Saudi stock market was selected, with a sample size of 384 investors. Descriptive statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, and frequencies were used to describe the study variables, and the mediation regression analysis was employed to test the study hypotheses. The main findings of the study revealed that individual investors' risk tolerance acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between behavioural factors and investment decision-making in the stock market. There is a significant relationship between the behavioural factors of small investors and their ability to make investment decisions in the Saudi stock market. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between risk tolerance of small investors and their investment decisions in the Saudi stock market. Based on the study findings, several recommendations were proposed, including the consideration of behavioural factors and risk tolerance of small investors by brokers and financial advisors in the Saudi stock market when providing advice and guidance on financial investments. They should also provide information based on accurate securities analysis to facilitate sound investment decisions in the Saudi stock market.

Autistic traits and eating behaviors in Chinese preschoolers: Role of sensory profiles and home environment

ObjectiveThis study aims to 1) explore the association between autistic traits and eating behaviors in Chinese preschoolers; 2) explore the mediating role of sensory processing patterns on the relation of autistic traits and eating-related behaviors; and 3) examine home nurturing environment as a moderator between autistic traits and eating-related behaviors. We hypothesize that there is a significant association between autistic traits and eating behaviors, which is mediated by sensory processing patterns and moderated by the home nurturing environment. Method509 children aged 3–4 years participated in this cross-sectional research. They were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) for autistic traits, the Chinese Preschoolers' Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CPEBQ) for eating-related behaviors, the Short Sensory Profile-Second Edition (SSP-2) for sensory processing patterns, and the Children Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire (CHNEQ) for home nurturing environment. Mediation regression analyses were used to examine the role of sensory processing patterns, while moderation analyses to examine the role of home nurturing environment. ResultsWe observed a positive association between autistic traits and eating behavior problems among typically developed children. Sensory processing patterns significantly mediated the impact of autistic traits on children's eating-related behaviors and home nurturing environment also moderated this relationship. DiscussionOur research suggests that Chinese preschoolers with higher autistic traits may face more eating challenges when they possess more heightened sensory processing patterns, while living in supportive home environments helps to improve their eating behaviors. These findings contribute to the understanding of how and to what extent eating problems are influenced by autistic traits, and they offer insight into the alleviation of eating problems from the perspectives of sensory patterns and family nurturing environments.

The Association Between Unintended Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Low-Risk Pregnancies: A Retrospective Registry Study in the Netherlands.

People with unintended pregnancies might be at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes due to structural factors, distress, or delayed prenatal care. Existing studies addressing this association yielded inconsistent findings. Using contemporary data from a large Dutch midwifery care registry, we investigated the association between unintended pregnancy ending in birth and neonatal outcomes, parental morbidity, and obstetric interventions. We extend previous research by exploring whether delayed initiation of prenatal care mediates these associations. This study used data (N = 9803) from a Dutch nationally representative registry of people with low-risk pregnancies receiving primary midwife-led care in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2020. Using logistic (mediation) regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders we investigated associations between unintended pregnancy and neonatal outcomes (low Apgar score, small for gestational age, and prematurity), parental morbidity (hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus), and obstetric interventions (induction of labor, pain medication, assisted vaginal birth, and cesarean birth) and whether delayed initiation of prenatal care mediated these associations. Unintended pregnancies were associated with increased odds of low Apgar scores (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% CI, 1.09 -2.59), preterm birth (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02-1.58), small for gestational age (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.41), and induction of labor (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Conversely, unintended pregnancy was associated with a decreased odds of cesarean birth (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97). The timing of prenatal care initiation did not mediate any of these associations. Our findings suggest that people in primary midwifery-led care with unintended pregnancies ending in birth are at increased risk for adverse perinatal health outcomes and that structural factors might underlie this link. Health care professionals and policy makers should attend to their own biases and offer nonjudgmental, tailored preventive preconception care and antenatal care strategies for people with higher vulnerabilities.

The Influence of Social Influence, Relative Advantage, User Satisfaction on Cloud-Based E-Learning with Behavioral Intention as a Mediating Variable

This research investigates the influence of social influence, relative advantage, and user satisfaction on cloud-based e-learning adoption, with behavioral intention acting as a mediating variable. Drawing on existing literature, hypotheses are formulated to explore these relationships. The study integrates models such as DOI, TAM, and UTAUT to propose hypotheses, guided by empirical findings from Lebanon, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The hypotheses posit positive impacts of social influence (H1), relative advantage (H2), and user satisfaction (H3) on cloud-based e-learning adoption. Additionally, the study explores the mediating role of behavioral intention in the relationships between social influence (H4), relative advantage (H5), user satisfaction (H6), and cloud-based e-learning adoption. The operational model is presented, depicting the relationships among variables. The research adopts an explanatory approach, using questionnaires distributed to 143 university students engaging in cloud-based e-learning. Descriptive statistics and validity tests ensure data quality, and hypothesis testing involves Mediated Regression Analysis. Results indicate that relative advantage and user satisfaction positively impact cloud-based e-learning, while social influence's direct impact is inconclusive. Behavioral intention does not mediate the relationships as hypothesized, highlighting the nuanced nature of cloud-based e-learning adoption. The study provides insights into the interplay of factors influencing cloud-based e-learning adoption, contributing to the understanding of technology acceptance in educational contexts.

Correlations of Beauty Instructors’ Nonverbal Communication Skills with Learner Trust and Reenrollment

This study attempted to investigate how beauty instructors’ nonverbal communication skills are correlated with learner trust and reenrollment. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against a total of 159 beauty academy students in Busan, using SPSS 25.0. Specifically, frequency analysis was performed to examine subjects’ general characteristics. To analyze the validity and reliability of nonverbal communication skills, trust and reenrollment, factor analysis was conducted. To examine correlations among variables, correlation analysis was carried out. For hypothesis testing, regression analysis was implemented. To figure out the mediating effects of trust, furthermore, 3-step mediated regression analysis was conducted, and the results found the followings: First, in correlations between nonverbal communication skills and learner trust, object language and auditory language had a statistically significant effect on learner trust. Second, learner trust revealed an influence on reenrollment with statistical significance. Third, in correlations between nonverbal communication skills and reenrollment, object language and body language were important factors. Fourth, concerning the mediating effects of trust in correlations between nonverbal communication skills and reenrollment, full mediation was observed in body language, auditory language, object language and empathetic language. In sum, this study has proven that beauty instructors’ nonverbal communication ability is meaningful as a precursor in enhancing learner trust and reenrollment.

Enhancing Employee Green Performance through Green Training: The Mediating Influence of Organizational Green Culture and Work Ethic in the Mining Sector

This research examines the impact of green training on employee green performance in Kolwezi's mining industry, focusing on the mediating roles of organizational green culture and work ethic. Using a quantitative methodology, the study analyzes data from 180 mining workers through mediated regression analysis. The findings reveal that green training significantly enhances employee performance, both directly and via strengthening organizational green culture and work ethic. Notably, work ethic emerges as a partial mediator in this relationship. These results underscore the importance of green training for fostering environmental stewardship in high-impact industries. The study contributes to the broader literature on sustainable development. It provides actionable insights for industry leaders and policymakers, highlighting the strategic role of human resource development in achieving environmental goals. It offers a comprehensive framework for integrating green training into organizational practices to optimize environmental performance, demonstrating its essential role in promoting a sustainable future in the mining sector.

The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage and Company Size on Company Value with Corporate Social Responsibility as a Mediating Variable

This research aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, leverage and company size on company value with corporate social responsibility as a mediating variable. The liquidity variable is proxied by current ratio, the leverage variable is proxied by debt to equity ratio, the company size variable is proxied by the Natural Log of assets, the company value variable is proxied using Tobin's Q while the corporate social responsibility (CSR) uses assessment aspects from Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) using 78 items. This type of research is quantitative research with a purposive sampling method with 148 samples from 64 mining and agricultural sub sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This subsector was chosen because this subsector is closely related to the surrounding environment. The analytical method used is mediation regression analysis using the program, SmartPLS. The results of the hypothesis testing analysis show that liquidity, leverage and company size do not influence company value with CSR as a mediating variable. Testing the mediation effect also shows that the CSR variable is unable to mediate the relationship between liquidity, leverage and company size and company value. This means that the profits earned by the company are mostly used for the company's internal interests. The company also carries out CSR as a form track of social responsibility towards the environment which is not affected by the company's finances.

Associations Between Adult Attachment, Pain Catastrophizing, Psychological Inflexibility and Disability in Adults with Chronic Pain.

We investigated whether attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) moderated the association between satisfaction with social support and pain disability. We also tested whether the relationship between insecure attachment and pain disability was serially mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility. A large-scale cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Data were collected using an online survey. Correlation, serial mediation and moderated regression analyses were used. Data from 894 people with self-reported chronic pain were analysed. Based on correlations, age, depression, and pain intensity were included as covariates. No direct effect of satisfaction with social support on pain disability was observed in the moderation. Attachment anxiety was positively associated with pain disability (b = 1.20, t = 2.03, p < .05), but attachment avoidance was not (b = -0.08, t = -0.13, p = .90). The association between attachment anxiety and pain disability was partially mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility (c = 1.21, t = 4.37, p < .001; a1db2 = 0.33, t = 5.15, p < .001). The relationship between attachment avoidance and pain disability was fully mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility (c = 0.15, t = 0.54, p = .59; a1db2 = 0.13, t = 2.24, p < .05). This study provided initial evidence that pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility mediate the association between insecure attachment and pain disability. Follow-up research using a longitudinal design is recommended.

Sexual harassment and psychological distress experienced by women police: The role of embitterment and psychological contract breach

Abstract Despite decades of workplace interventions, often focussed on increasing women police numbers, women continue to be under-represented in policing. Understanding the experiences of women once they have entered policing has been an area of ongoing interest. Examination of the experiences of women police is often undertaken with reference to its masculinized culture. Stemming from these discussions, sexual harassment remains a persistent concern across many police agencies. This study involves 491 women police employed in one large Australian, state police organization. Derived from the study findings, the concepts of psychological contract breach (PCB) and embitterment, two factors that have been rarely studied in policing, are critical to understanding the relationship between sexual harassment and psychological distress. Using mediated regression analysis, the research found PCB and embitterment provide a more nuanced explanation of outcomes of sexual harassment experiences and in turn, provided insight into why sexual harassment is associated with greater psychological distress. This research positions police agencies and their leaders to develop and implement more effective support strategies for women police who have experienced sexual harassment and mitigate negative psychological health impacts that may result.

초기누적위험요인이 어머니의 사회적 양육행동을 매개로 유아행동발달에 미치는 영향

Objectives In this study, we examined the longitudinal impact of early cumulative risk factors on child behavioral development and confirmed whether the mother's social parenting behavior played a mediating role in that process.&#x0D; Methods For 1,434 children and households participating in the Korean Children's Panel, early cumulative risk factors were assessed in the first year's data, mothers' social parenting behavior was assessed in the fourth year's data, and child behavior development was assessed in the fifth year's data(Korean version of the Child Behavior Assessment Scale: CBCL 1.5-5) was used. The initial cumulative risk factors, which are composed of eight risk factors, are the mother's response to basic livelihood security recipients and the next lower class, mother's education level, mother's marital conflict, mother's depression, mother's parenting stress, mother's self-esteem, social support, and family life event was used. Data analysis was performed by conducting mediation regression analysis using Model 4 of Process Macro v4.0.&#x0D; Results In the longitudinal impact of early cumulative risk factors on child behavior development, mothers' social parenting behavior partially mediates infants' internalization, externalization, emotional reactivity, anxiety/depression, physical symptoms, withdrawal, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and other problems. It was found to play a partial mediating role, and sleep problems were found to play a complete mediating role.&#x0D; Conclusions The mother's social parenting behavior was found to have a significant impact on the child behavioral development in the long term by acting as a mechanism to transmit the effects of an unfavorable home environment with early cumulative risk factors to the child. Therefore, we discussed ways to restore and support mothers' social parenting behavior to prevent the long-term negative impact of an unfavorable family environment with early cumulative risk factors on child behavioral development.&#x0D;

Determining Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Young Workers: Insights from Vietnam

Objective - The organizational behavior of the young workforce in a country currently in a period of golden population structure like Vietnam has been a controversial topic for domestic and foreign business owners. This study explores the relationship between job satisfaction and six factors and the impact of job satisfaction-based work effort on organizational commitment in Vietnam. Methodology/Technique – Using a sample of employees under 30 years old who have recently graduated with a modern mindset, an antecedent mediation model, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to test the research hypotheses. Findings and Novelty – The results revealed that environmental support was the most significant factor for young workers in Vietnam, followed by achievement orientation, teamwork, and work conditions. The study provides practical implications for young workers and offers suggestions for employers. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence job satisfaction and organizational commitment among young workers in Vietnam. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: J28, J29. Keywords: Job satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Vietnamese Young Workforce. Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Ho, N.H.Y; Phan, B.T; Lưu, T.M.N. (2023). Determining Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Young Workers: Insights from Vietnam, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 11(4), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2023.11.4(4)

The role of teacher–student relationships and student–student relationships for secondary school students’ well-being in Switzerland

Student well-being has gained prominence on both the scientific and political agendas, as it is recognized as a crucial skill in addressing the economic, ecological, and social challenges of the 21st century. Relationships that students form with teachers and peers in the classroom are important for their academic, social, and emotional development. Building and maintaining positive relationships contributes to psychological growth and well-being. This article strives for a deeper understanding of the association between student well-being and classroom relationships from the students’ perspective. Mediation regression analysis was conducted between student well-being, teacher–student relationships, and student–student relationships to overcome limitations of prior studies using a unidimensional approach on student well-being and considering relationships in separate models. This study shows that both relationships are related to student well-being, however associations differ regarding different dimensions of student well-being and students’ individual factors such as gender, migration background, and socio-economic status. Providing a multi-dimensional approach on student well-being as well as taking both relationships into account adds to a profound understanding of processes in classrooms. Insights on these relations can help educators, schools and researchers develop strategies to foster relationships in the classroom and, in succession, enhance well-being in school.

유아교사의 교직열정과 교수효능감의 관계에서 그릿의 매개효과

Objectives The purposes of this study is to investigate the impact of early childhood teachers' teaching passion and grit on teaching efficacy, and to examine the partial mediating effect of grit in the relationship between teach-ing passion and teaching efficacy.&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, we analyzed the data collected after distributing questionnaires on the teaching pas-sion, teaching efficacy, and grit of early childhood teachers to 207 kindergarten teachers located in G City and J Province. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation analysis and mediation re-gression analysis methods.&#x0D; Results First, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between early childhood teachers' teaching passion, grit, and teaching efficacy. Early childhood teachers' passion for teaching was found to have a significant positive influence on grit and teaching efficacy, and grit was found to have a significant positive influ-ence on teaching efficacy. Second, teacher grit was found to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship be-tween teaching passion and teaching efficacy.&#x0D; Conclusions This study presented the need to design various support and teacher training programs to improve early childhood teachers' teaching efficacy and passion for teaching, considering grit as a major factor that can make early childhood teachers' jobs more meaningful. There is significance in the research.

The mediating effect of forgiveness on the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being in adults with history of childhood bullying

The long-term effects of childhood bullying on psychological well-being in adulthood have recently gained attention in research. This study examines the complex dynamics of the phenomenon by investigating the role of forgiveness as a mediator in the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being among individuals who experienced bullying during their childhood. A purposive sample of 202 participants aged 19-40, who were bullied between the ages of 6-18, were recruited. The measurements used in the study included the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (⍺ = .77) to measure psychological well-being; the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (⍺ = .82) to measure forgiveness; the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (⍺ = .94) to measure the spirituality of the participants; and the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (⍺ = .71) as a screening tool to confirm participants' experiences of bullying. Through mediation regression analysis with 5000 bootstrap samples using Macro PROCESS by Hayes, forgiveness emerged as a significant full mediator (β = .318, p .05, 95% CI: .212, .438). The study provides evidence that forgiveness enhances psychological well-being, suggesting that implementing a forgiveness program could reduce the long-term effect of childhood bullying.

대학생의 전공선택동기와 진로준비행동의 관계에서 직업가치관의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of ocuupational value in the relationship between University students motivation for choosing a major and career preparation behavior. To this end, a survey was conducted on 337 university students in the first, second, and third grades of the university, of which 264 valid questionnaires were used for the study. The data collected through the survey were statistically analyzed using the IBM SPSS 26.0 program, and mediated regression analysis was performed using Hayes' process macro model 4 to verify the research hypothesis. As a result, first, it was confirmed that the motivation for selecting a major had a significant positive (+) effect on ocuupational values. Second, the total effect of major selection motivation on career preparation behavior was confirmed without considering ocuupational value, and as a result, major selection motivation had a positive (+) effect on career preparation behavior. Third, the mediating effect according to the sub-factors of ocuupational value was confirmed in the effect of major selection motivation on career preparation behavior. To this end, the effect of major selection motivation and job value on career preparation behavior was confirmed by inputting both major selection motivation and job value, and as a result, it was found that major selection motivation had a positive (+) effect on career preparation behavior, but job value did not. In other words, as a result of bootstrap verification to verify the mediating effect of ocuupational value, it was found that ocuupational value did not mediate the effect of major selection motivation on career preparation behavior. However, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of the sub-factors of job value, it was found that intrinsic ocuupational value (attitude, achievement, ability) mediates the influence of intrinsic motivation (attitude, interest, talent, and future) on career preparation behavior. This indicated that intrinsic ocuupational value can make specific career decisions and active career preparation actions by improving career search activities. As a result of this study, it was found that when intrinsic ocuupational value are satisfied, the motivation for choosing a major leads to career preparation behavior more. Therefore, people in charge of the university field need to diversify the direction of career education and support according to the students' personal characteristics and motivation for choosing a major. Therefore, it is expected that this study will be used as basic data for counseling and education that can establish ocuupational value and increase career confidence for students' active career preparation behavior from the lower grades of university.

The Effects of Avatar’s Reality Level on Metaverse Application Compatibility and Use Intention

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze metaverse application compatibility and application use intention depending on reality level of avatars and examine moderating effects of avatar-self-image identification and body ratio. Theoretical framework: The Proteus effect is the tendency for people to be affected by their digital representations, such as avatars. The Uncanny Valley effect is a hypothesized relation between an object's degree of resemblance to a human being and the emotional response to the object. Methodology: To test hypotheses, this study conducted an online and offline mixed survey to 219 respondents. To test validity and reliability of measurement tools, this study did factor analysis and reliability analysis. Hypotheses were tested with t-test and ANOVA analysis. To test mediating effects, it did mediating regression analysis. Results: The findings of data analysis were as follows. First, the lower the reality level of avatars is, the higher the higher metaverse application compatibility gets. Second, the moderating effect of avatar-self image identification was not statistically significant. Third, the moderating effect of avatar body ratio was confirmed. Forth, metaverse application compatibility was found to have positive effect on application use intention. Fifth, the mediating effect of application compatibility on the effect of reality level of avatars on application use intention was confirmed. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: The findings of this study will be good reference data for production of metaverse platforms using avatars, and scholastic and practical use of avatars. Originality/value: This study is an empirical analysis of outside characteristics of avatars based on Proteus effect and uncanny valley effect.

The Effect of Investment and Inflation on the Open Unemployment Rate with GRDP as the Mediating Factor

Aims: The study examined the effect of investment and inflation on the unemployment rate with gross regional domestic product (GRDP) as a mediating factor, in Central Java from 2019 to 2022.&#x0D; Study Design: This study was employed the mediating regression analysis to solve the different findings on the effect of investment to unemployment rate. GRDP has a potential role as mediating factor on the causal effect.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The population of this research is 35 districts or cities in Central Java Province for 2019–2022 period.&#x0D; Methodology: This study is secondary data taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The method used to collect data is purposive sampling with data analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling approach. Tests worked are R Square Test, Q Square Test, Direct Hypothesis Test, and Indirect Hypothesis Test.&#x0D; Results: The results show that: (1) Investment has no significant effect on Unemployment Rate, (2) GRDP has a negative effect on the Unemployment Rate, (3) Investment has a positive effect on GRDP, (4) GRDP can mediate the effect of Investment on the Unemployment Rate, and (5) Inflation has a negative effect on Unemployment Rate.

The role of family accommodation in child posttraumatic stress symptoms and functional impairment in the context of cognitive behavioral therapy

BackgroundCaregiver behaviors such as family accommodation (FA) are negatively reinforced by reduced distress in the short term, but ultimately maintain symptoms. It is important to explore the role of FA on symptoms and impairment. The current study examined the relationship among FA, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and functional impairment in a sample of children and their caregivers who completed trauma treatment. MethodParticipants included 183 children and their caregivers (M age = 7.89; 55.19 % female; 73.22 % non-Hispanic; 51.37 % White). Data consisted of parent-reported measures collected at baseline, post-treatment, and 12-month follow-up from a randomized control trial (RCT) comparing Stepped Care CBT for Children after Trauma and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT). Correlational, mediation, and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to test the interrelationships among FA, child PTSS, and child functional impairment. ResultsFA was significantly, positively associated with total PTSS and functional impairment at baseline. Baseline FA partially mediated the relationship between baseline total PTSS and baseline functional impairment. Lastly, greater pre- to post-treatment changes in FA were mostly associated with relevant outcome variables at post-treatment and 12-month follow-up. LimitationsStudy limitations include use of a single informant, cross-sectional data analysis, lack of differentiation among trauma types, concerns regarding generalizability. ConclusionAssessing FA may be a helpful tool in better understanding how child PTSS relates to functional impairment following exposure to trauma. This study is clinically relevant it offers insight on the relationship among FA, PTSS, and functional impairment for families involved in trauma treatment.

The Effect of Appearance Recognition by Hair Loss on Hair Loss Management Behavior: psychological factor mediating effect

The rich modern life caused hair loss in many people, and they began to take care of hair loss, worrying about their appearance that changed due to hair loss. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of appearance awareness formed by hair loss on hair loss management behavior through psychological factors. For the study, a survey was conducted focusing on residents in the Seoul metropolitan area who have experienced hair loss or are experiencing hair loss. A survey was conducted from May 15, 2023 to June 30, 2023, and 296 copies were used for statistical analysis. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediated regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that appearance awareness by hair loss had a positive (+) effect on hair loss management behavior in self-awareness, but a negative (-) influence relationship appeared in appearance management intention. It was confirmed that appearance awareness had a positive (+) effect on psychological factors and psychological factors on hair loss management behavior. As a result of research on the mediating role of psychological factors in the relationship between appearance awareness and hair loss management behavior, it was found that self-awareness, a sub-factor of appearance awareness, was completely mediated for basic care and partially mediated for active care. Appearance management intention was dismissed because it did not show an influence relationship between basic care and active care. Based on the results of this study, more diverse studies are expected to be conducted, and if consumers' psychological discomfort and pain are understood in depth during hair loss management and treatment at the management and treatment site, the best synergy effect can be achieved.