History Of Media Research Articles

The Long‐Term Effect of Childhood Otitis Media on Speech‐in‐Noise Testing at Ages 9 and 13

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between a history of otitis media (OM) in early childhood and speech reception thresholds (SRT) in later childhood, using the Dutch digits‐in‐noise (DIN) test at ages 9 and 13 years.MethodsThis study was conducted within the Generation R study, a prospective birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Children underwent pure‐tone audiometry and DIN testing at ages 9 (2011–2015) and 13 (2016–2020) years. Regression analyses and a linear mixed model were used to examine associations between OM history and SRT in noise, accounting for repeated measurements within individuals.ResultsAt baseline (age 9 years), 2063 children were included with a mean SRT of −5.6 (SD = 2.0). At follow‐up (age 13 years), 3382 children were included with a mean SRT of −7.4 (SD = 1.4). A positive association was found between recurrent acute OM (RAOM) and DIN test outcomes, with an estimated coefficient of 0.55 (95% CI = 0.26, 0.84; t‐value = 3.70). Socioeconomic status and multilingualism did not significantly predict DIN test performance.ConclusionA history of RAOM may potentially influence SRT outcomes in later childhood, with higher DIN scores observed in the RAOM group. While the effect sizes between the groups are small to moderate, these findings highlight the importance of considering the potential long‐term effects of OM in both clinical practice and future research. Further studies are needed to better understand these relationships.Level of Evidence2 (cohort study).

Enclosures of Wind: Practice-Led Methods for Visualization of Elemental Media

This article engages with the aesthetics of air as it becomes spatialized, managed, and rescaled across different material configurations in the context of an art exhibition. The text builds an argument concerning wind, air currents, and cultural techniques of visualization and circulation through a live curatorial and artistic example of Abelardo Gil-Fournier’s exhibition The Raft: Three Acts for an Exposure to the Elements at the Fundación Cerezales Antonino y Cinia (FCAYC) in León, Spain, in 2023–24. The spatial setting of the exhibition and its relation to the surrounding valley are investigated through imaging, modeling, and acoustic resonance that frame questions of air, atmosphere, and wind through the processual methodology employed. The article thus does not focus on final artworks so much as on the process of constructing an exhibition where issues of curatorial practice, architectural considerations, and practice-led research feature together with an undercurrent of arguments drawing on recent media theory as well as the history of media and science. In focusing on the framing of air and wind, the article asks: How do material limitations and conditions of curatorial practice address multiscalar planetary space? The article is structured around the broader theoretical point that responds to the core questions of this special issue and the three acts that structure the exhibition as an investigation of material methods of movement of bodies and air, spatial enclosures and their outsides.

Mediatization of History: the Ukrainian Context

The article examines the phenomenon of mediatization, namely the mediatization of history, which is proposed to be considered as an increase in the role of traditional and new media in the creation, interpretation and dissemination of information about historical events of the past and the processes of the present, providing access to this information and formation at the personal, interpersonal and group levels interaction of the audience's attitude to historical events and modern facts. It is shown that the effectiveness of history mediatization technologies is explained by the powerful development of both traditional and new media. The author shows that the mediatization of history, on the one hand, has become a trend of the 21st century, when historical media projects are gaining more and more popularity and find their audience through documentaries, own documentary projects of TV channels, the Internet, social networks, YouTube, films on historical topics, and on the other hand, it is used as a tool of the political ideology of the state. A conclusion is made about the use of mediatization tools both for explaining historical events and facts and forming the civic position of the audience, and for falsifying the historical past, imposing false myths and stereotypes on the mass consciousness.

Natural history of otitis media with effusion-related hearing loss in children under 12 years: a systematic review

ObjectiveTo assess natural history of otitis media with effusion (OME)-related hearing loss and OME causing hearing loss in children under 12 years.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, INAHTA database, CENTRAL, CDSR, Epistemonikos and...

Relationships Between Hearing-Related and Health-Related Variables in Academic Progress of Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss.

School-age children with unilateral hearing loss are at an increased risk of exhibiting academic difficulties. Yet, approximately half of children with unilateral hearing loss will not require additional support. There is a dearth of information to assist in determining which of these children will express academic deficits and which will not. The purpose of this study was to identify hearing- and health-related factors that contribute to adverse educational progress in children with permanent unilateral hearing loss. Specific indicators of academic concern identified during school age included the need for specialized academic services, receipt of speech-language therapy, or parent/teacher concerns for academics or speech-language development. This study provides an in-depth analysis of a previously described patient cohort developed from de-identified electronic health records. Factors of interest included potentially relevant hearing-related risk factors (e.g., degree, type, and laterality of hearing loss), in addition to health-related factors that could be extracted from the electronic health records (e.g., sex, premature birth, history of significant otitis media). Being born preterm, having a history of pressure equalization tubes or having conductive or mixed hearing loss more than doubled the risk of demonstrating adverse educational progress. Laterality and degree of loss were generally not significantly related to academic progress. Approximately half of school-age children with permanent unilateral hearing loss in this cohort experienced some academic challenges. Birth history and middle ear pathology were important predictors of adverse educational progress.

Epidemiology of Cholesteatoma in the UK Biobank.

To identify factors associated with cholesteatoma in a large UK cohort. Although some risk factors are frequently reported (male sex, history of chronic otitis media), other associations require further evidence (deprivation, smoking). Briefly, 1140 cholesteatoma cases from UK BioBank were compared to 4551 non-cholesteatoma middle ear disease and 493 832 ear disease-free controls. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for demographic factors including age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation and smoking status with logistic regressions. Odds ratios for overlapping ICD-10 codes are also calculated. Cholesteatoma was significantly associated with sex (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for males = 1.33, 95%CI = [1.179-1.491]), age (AOR = 1.02, 95%CI = [1.011-1.026]) and deprivation (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI = [1.059-1.097]) compared to ear disease-free controls (p < 0.001). Age and deprivation distributions for cholesteatoma and non-cholesteatoma ear disease were similar. Although there was no significant association with smoking status, cholesteatoma was significantly associated with the ICD-10 code mental and behavioural disorders due to tobacco use (OR = 2.34, p < 0.001, 95%CI = [1.942, 2.813]). Cholesteatoma was also strongly associated with a wide range of inflammatory middle ear conditions and chronic sinus inflammation, suggesting an increased susceptibility to inflammation of the upper airways. This study shows a large overlap between cholesteatoma and non-cholesteatoma ear disease in terms of numbers and demographics, with sex being a key factor distinguishing between the two, suggesting that there are both common and distinct associated factors.

Between the Archive and the Feed

This article discusses feminist performance and internet art practices of the 21st century through the lens of Boris Groys’s theory of innovation. It analyses works by Signe Pierce, Molly Soda, and Maya Man, to position practices of self-documentation online in exchange with feminist art histories of performance and electronic media. The text proposes that the discussed contemporary art practices fulfil the process of innovation detailed by Groys through a process of re-valuation of values via an exchange between the everyday, trivial, and heterogenous realm of social media (‘the profane’) and the valorised realm of cultural memory (‘the archive’). Using digital ethnography and contextual analysis, framed by the theory of innovation, the text introduced ‘content value’ as a feature of contemporary art on the Internet. The article demonstrates how feminist internet art practices expand on cultural value through the realisation of a process of innovation via an intra-cultural exchange between the feed and the institution.

Are we forgetting early observations of coral bleaching?

I argue that the first observed mass coral bleaching event on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) occurred in 1982. This claim should not be controversial given the expert testimonies and data collected at the time. However, the GBR mass bleaching of 1982 has been repeatedly and inexplicably absent from descriptions of the GBR bleaching history in recent peer-reviewed literature, government reports, and popular media. This is leading to a paradigm that severe, widespread coral bleaching began on the GBR in 1998, with that event impacting coral communities that had only been previously impacted by minor, localized bleaching. Here, I show that this paradigm is misleading, that mass bleaching during 1982 is consistent with the levels of heat and light stress that have sparked other GBR bleaching events, and that consideration of the full timeline of observed GBR mass bleaching is important for interpretations of community dynamics and potential changes in sensitivity to heat stress over time.

Intradural Repair of Temporal Bone Encephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Results from a Single Institution

Abstract Background Lateral temporal bone encephaloceles incidence is increasing with obesity rates. Middle fossa (MF) craniotomy, transmastoid (TM), or combined MF + TM access can be used for repair. Methods Retrospective review of MF or MF + TM repair with an intradural graft. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Pre/postoperative audiometric results were included. Postoperative complications were reported. Results A total of 49 patients (50 repairs) were included. In addition, 74% were women (p &lt; 0.05). Ten patients had a history of chronic otitis media and surgery. Average BMI was 35.8, and average age was 59. Furthermore, 54% had multiple skull base defects; 18 (36%) patients had a MF approach. In total, 32 (64%) patients had a MF + TM approach for repair; 13 (40.1%) of these patients had a concurrent tympanoplasty. Hearing improved for 74%. Air conduction pure-tone average improved by an average of 5 dB (p 0.27). No differences in hearing outcomes were observed between the MF and MF + TM groups. Two patients (6%) had hearing decline. Eight complications were reported (1 (2%) skin infection, 4 (8%) recurrent/persistent cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leaks requiring lumbar drain or shunt, and 3 (6%) episodes of aphasia or mental status change). Age &gt;65 years was not associated with risk of postoperative complication. Conclusion Intradural repair of encephalocele and CSF leak is a safe and effective surgical approach. Intradural reinforcement along the entire MF floor is beneficial for multiple areas of dehiscence and thin dura. Complication rates including recurrent/persistent CSF leak and aphasia related to temporal lobe retraction were similar to previously published reports and not associated with older patient age. Hearing was stable or improved in 94% with no difference noted between MF and MF + TM repair.

Natural history of otitis media with effusion without hearing loss in children under 12 years: a systematic review

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the natural history of otitis media with effusion (OME) without hearing loss in children under 12 years.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE,...

Pregnancy-induced Hypertension: What Are the Associated Factors in Rural Areas? A Study from Rural Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Abstract Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes – mortality and morbidities in both mother and foetus. Aims: The present study aims to determine the prevalence of PIH and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in rural field areas of a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women-seeking antenatal services from January 2020 to October 2020 at three sub-centres (Raiwala, Pratit Nagar and Haripur Kala) of the Primary Health Centre (Raiwala) after giving informed consent. A sample size of 113 was calculated and included in our study. A pre-tested structured schedule was used to interview the study participants after a pilot test. Blood pressure was determined using an average of three measurements, and some clinical and laboratory findings were reviewed from medical records; these were mainly the mother-child protection card. Data were presented as frequency, percentage frequencies and the results are presented with the table. Fisher’s exact statistics were calculated for the association with pregnancy-induced hypertension, and logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. P &lt;0.05% was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of PIH among total study participants in Dehradun District, Uttarakhand, was 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8%–10.6%). The majority of respondents were noted in ≤ 30 years of age group (91.15%), followed by &gt; 30 years of age group (8.84%). In univariate regression, factors such as age, pre-term birth, abortion, pedal oedema, blurred vision, proteinuria, present history of gestational diabetes mellitus, present history of diabetes, present history of other morbidities, past history of diabetes, past history of other morbidities, i.e. surgeries, otitis media, obesity and thyroid, family history of hypertension and family history of diabetes were associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In multivariate logistic regression, maternal age (adjusted odds ratio AOR = 18.29, 95 CI% =2.3–141.4, P = 0.005*), pre-term birth (AOR = 61.7, 95% CI = 3.5–1071.3, P = 0.005*), (proteinuria AOR = 8, CI = 0.80–79.6, P = 0.006*), gestational diabetes (AOR = 19.9, CI = 2.9–133.06, P = 0.002*), history of other morbidities (AOR = 13.4, 95% CI; 1.7–106.5, P = 0.014*) and family history of diabetes (AOR; 8.7, 95% CI = 1.7–43.3, P = 0.008*) were found as the predictor factors for developing PIH. Conclusions: Early detection and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension and risk factors in pregnant women by healthcare professionals and policy-makers at the community level should be strengthened.

The disease burden of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children from remote communities does not improve over time. A longitudinal study.

In Australia, middle ear disease disproportionately affects Indigenous children, leading to poor hearing outcomes. This study aimed to determine the natural history of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children in remote South Australia. Baseline and 3 year follow-up data was collected from Indigenous children aged 5-18 years living on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. 4-frequency pure-tone audiometry was used to determine hearing levels. Middle ear pathology was determined by video-otoscopy with tympanometry and classified at baseline as group 1 (normal), group 2 (abnormal with intact tympanic membrane), or group 3 (perforated tympanic membrane). A total of 253 children were included in this study. Children in group 1 (20.6 ± 1.5 dBHL; Mean ± SD) had significantly better hearing outcomes at 3 year follow-up than children with abnormal ears (groups 2 and 3) (23.8 ± 7.0 dBHL), P < 0.001. The difference was greatest for group 1 versus 3 (27.6 ± 8.4 dBHL), P < 0.001, followed by 1 versus 2 (22.4 ± 5.8 dBHL), P = 0.009, and between 2 (22.4 ± 5.8 dBHL) and 3 (27.6 ± 8.4 dBHL), P < 0.001. Hearing in Indigenous children with untreated middle ear pathology remains poor at follow-up compared to those without pathology. Intervention is therefore critical to prevent persisting poor hearing outcomes.

“I Am a Meme”

Founder of the collectives Casa Drag Latina and House of Gad, Gad Yola is an Afro-Peruvian multidisciplinary artivist based in the city of Madrid. As part of a trans-Atlantic Latinx queer media history, Gad Yola’s career allows us to inquire about what can be described as transvestite, antiracist, and transfeminist drag “positioning” against injustices happening on both sides of the Atlantic. Be this their rejection of state violence in Peru, their support for the massive regularization of migrants in Spain, their critique of the racist gaze, or their celebration of brown bodies, Gad Yola’s interventions significantly contribute to the cultural articulation of antiracism in Spain. The following interview will consider the digital and feminist interrelation by focusing on Gad Yola’s identification with antiracism, transfeminism, and their references, as well as on the use of social networks as identity and community resources.

WOMEN’S TELEVISION HISTORIES: LOCATING WOMEN’S ROLE in EMERGING AND DEVELOPING INTERNATIONAL TELEVISION

This special issue aims to take steps towards the internationalisation of scholarship on women’s television by drawing together articles on different national contexts of television and detailing the experiences of women in various national and historical television ecologies and economies. This is, of course, merely a step, since no one issue can attend to the breadth of women’s experiences in the many national television organisations and roles. Scholarship in anglophone, Global North and Western countries has been enabled because of the confluence of various factors including: fairly stable employment prospects for academics comparable, for example, to Global South scholars; the availability of funding for such scholars to undertake travel to conferences and network with scholars; the availability of research on the topic of women’s media histories because it is in English language and universities have the library resources. Therefore, the history of women’s work in these national contexts has begun to be told but there is a pressing need for attention to, and recognition of, scholarship beyond the limited context of anglophone territories.

Reading patterns: dressmaking sections in women’s magazines in the 1960s and 1970s

ABSTRACT In the 1960s and 1970s, many women’s magazines had special sections for home dressmaking. At a time when ready-to-wear clothing was expensive, the sew-it-yourself pages had an important function to win over competition among female readers. Teenagers read the magazines in search of clothing designs to copy in order to dress according to the latest fashion. Despite the importance of such special sections, they have only been given a marginal place in the history of the popular press and in cultural studies. This article examines and discusses the role of dressmaking sections in women’s magazines in Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s. Based on analysis of the two largest Swedish women’s weeklies and interviews with readers and editors, the study highlights women’s ‘utilitarian reading’, which combines textual, visual, and material literacy, and thus contributes to an overlooked area within women's studies, fashion and media history.

ARCHIVE MATERIALS OF THE MEDIA OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC AS A TOOL FOR MEDIA BROADCASTING OF NATIONAL MEMORY

Recently, in connection with the course of the Russian state towards the preservation of cultural values, including those associated with national memory, the interest of researchers in the historical media landscape of the regions of Russia has intensified. The Chechen Republic is a region with a rich traditional past, which is reflected in the media environment and is becoming a sought-after object of study in the field of philology, history, journalism and mass communications. The thesis that there is no present without the past has acquired a more urgent modern meaning over the past five years and has become part of media strategies. It was studied on the example of 136 publications related to issues of national memory, which language strategies are used in the modern media transmission of aspects of national memory, exploring the features of the modern media landscape of the Chechen Republic.It is revealed that the translation and retransmission of issues of national memory as part of media strategies requires the development of special scientific tools and a deep, interdisciplinary analysis of historically formed forms of the media landscape. Monitoring of scientific reviews on the history of Chechen journalism (mainly the press), as well as the media themselves, analysis of the language tools used when covering this topic in the media showed that the specifics of the Chechen Republic in this matter can be studied and extrapolated to other regions of Russia. The novelty lies in the selection of material related to national memory and in how the historical journalistic landscape is represented in the Chechen Republic.

Reading the history of the Chinese internet through metaphors

This essay examines the history of Chinese digital media, specifically the internet, through social imaginaries and metaphors. The text identifies three different set of metaphors that reflects the roles of the government, business sector, and civil society in the last 30 years of the Chinese internet.

TOWARD A TELEMATIC AESTHETICS

This paper focuses on the Czech-born philosopher Vilém Flusser’s notion of telematic society, arguing that it implies a media-theoretical revision of Friedrich Schiller’s project for an aesthetic model of civic education, according to which aesthetic effectivity is reconsidered in light of a history of media based on a technological alternation of images and texts. After a brief overview of Schiller’s aesthetic letters, it examines the ways in which Flusser repositions and expands upon Schiller’s vision of an aesthetic education (most importantly, the aesthetic condition or middle disposition), highlighting the role that Flusser assigns to the evolution of codes inherent in the most important cultural and media techniques, namely, images, texts, and technical images. It then shows how this modification results in a forecasting of a telematic model of aesthetic education, before concluding by addressing the prospects of such a model in a post-digital world of automated media bias.

Media and the Mind: Art, Science, and Notebooks as Paper Machines, 1700–1830 by Matthew Daniel Eddy, and: Handwriting in Early America: A Media History ed. by Mark Alan Mattes (review)

Media and the Mind: Art, Science, and Notebooks as Paper Machines, 1700–1830 by Matthew Daniel Eddy, and: Handwriting in Early America: A Media History ed. by Mark Alan Mattes (review)

Separate and Reassemble: Generative AI through the lens of art and media histories

AI image generation represents a logical evolution from early digital media algorithms, starting with basic paint programs in the 1970s and advancing to sophisticated 3D graphics and media creation software by the 1990s. Early algorithms struggled to simulate materials and effects, but advances in the 1970s and 1980s led to realistic simulations of natural phenomena and artistic techniques. Generative AI continues this trend, using neural networks to combine and interpolate visual patterns from extensive datasets. This method of digital media creation underscores the modular and discrete nature of computer-generated imagery, distinguishing it from traditional optical media.