Media Representations Research Articles

News media representations of the Trade Union Act (2016) and their links to liberal theory

This paper explores how concepts from two influential strands of liberalism, new liberalism and neoliberalism, are represented in a sample of online media articles by analysing news coverage of the Trade Union Act (2016). The analysis centres on internet news items published on the websites of The Guardian, The Daily Mail, Sky News, and BBC News. To systematise the analysis, three thematic axes were constructed: a) Democracy, Law and Order; b) Civil and Labour Rights; c) Military Metaphors, Privileges and Trade Unions.

Media representations of femicide. A systematic review of literature in English and Spanish

ABSTRACT Research on media representations of gender-based violence GBV murders from multiple social contexts is available, but no literature review study. This work assesses this gap by examining 213 studies that analysed empirical evidence from 45 countries. Our mixed methodology provides a mapping of the literature in a scientific and transparent process. Our results show that the representation depends on the media type and not the country. The most analysed are news, finding victim-blaming, perpetrator-justification, and otherization narratives, but these were also found in other media. Social media, literature, and artistic materials help increase the visibility of activists and victims, can convey the context of GBV help to social awareness, or reproduce stereotypes that minimize, naturalize, and legitimize GBV.

Framing Migrant News in the International Media: Media Representation of Ukrainian Migrants

Bu çalışmada, sığınmacılar ile ilgili haberlerde kullanılan haber çerçevelerinin medyanın ideolojik farklılıkları ve bağlı oldukları ülkelerin göç politikası ekseninde kamuoyu üzerinde belirleyici etki yaratıp yaratmadığını ortaya koymak amacıyla Türkiye, Almanya ve İngiltere merkezli yayın yapan günlük gazetelerin internet haber sitelerinde yer alan Ukraynalı sığınmacılar ile ilgili haberler haber çerçeveleme teorisi temelinde içerik analizi tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin dünyadaki sığınmacılara en çok ev sahipliği yapan ülke olması, Almanya’nın diğer AB’ye üye ülkelere göre sığınmacıları daha fazla kabul etmesi, İngiltere’nin de sığınmacılara kapısını açma konusunda direnç göstermesi araştırma evreni seçiminde belirleyici rol oynarken, örneklem seçiminde gazetelerin ideolojik yaklaşımları baz alınarak Türkiye’den muhafazakâr sağ ideolojiyi temsil eden Sabah ve sol ideolojiyi savunan Sözcü gazeteleri, Almanya’dan sağ ideolojiyi temsil eden Bild ve sol ideolojiyi savunan Zeit gazeteleri, İngiltere’den ise sağ görüşü savunan Express ve sol ideolojiyi temsil eden The Guardian gazetelerinin internet siteleri tercih edilmiştir. Bu gazetelerin internet sitelerinde Mart 2022 ve Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan 835 haber hem niceliksel hem de niteliksel olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular analiz edilen gazetelerdeki Ukraynalı sığınmacılar ile ilgili haberlerde gazetelerin ideolojik bakış açılarının ve bağlı oldukları ülkelerin göç politikalarının farklı olmasına rağmen mağduriyet, yerleşim, insan ilgi, sorumluluk gibi daha çok olumlu ve sığınmacıları haklı çıkaran çerçevelerin baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Electroconvulsive therapy: the perspective of the informal caregiver in the decision-making process

Introduction Despite the importance of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as treatment, it remains one of the most controversial and misunderstood treatments. Negative media representations, primitive practice in the past and fear for electricity results in fear that extends beyond other therapies. Research on the perspective and role of informal caregivers (IC) in the process of ECT is limited. Most research focuses on relatives’ attitude or knowledge of ECT measured with questionnaires. However, profound understanding of their perspective can facilitate the role of physicians (or psychiatrists) in guiding patients and their IC through the decision-making process of ECT.Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the perspective of informal caregivers in the decision-making process in ECT treatment.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological study was set up. Semi-structured interviews were held with IC of patients who are treated with ECT. Purposive sampling was based on maximum variation. All interviews were fully transcribed and thematic analyses took place. Trustworthiness was guaranteed by e.g. researcher triangulationResults In nine interviews were held with partners, children and parents of patients. The interviews had a mean duration of 102 minutes and interviewing proceeded until saturation of the most important themes was reached. During the interviews it became clear that the decision-making process of ECT is strongly influenced by the illness-trajectory and context of living with the mental health problems of the patient. IC describe their life and that of the patient as ‘trying to survive’. The proposal of ECT is seen as a way out of this unendurable situation. The perceived responsibility of the IC in the informed consent process to ECT adds to this burden. The IC worry, feel uncertain and fear to do wrong. Nonetheless ECT seems to be a beacon of hope. Trust in the psychiatrist as a competent professional who wants the best for the patient seems more important than having an answer to all of their questions. After the ECT has been started, IC establish a framework to evaluate the side-effects and effectiveness of ECT. This framework is based on how they experience the patient in daily life and on what they define as ‘the patient becoming a bit more himself again’. IC weigh the effects and side-effects to support the continuation of ECT. However, if patients clearly express that they experience side-effects that are too hindering, IC follow the patient if he or she wants to stop ECT.ConclusionsOur study gives an insight in the perspective of the IC of patients undergoing ECT. It could be helpful for IC if the psychiatric team repeats information stepwise and takes the burden of responsibility perceived by the IC into account. The framework used by IC to evaluate the effects of ECT could be a valuable addition to the clinical evaluation of the ECT treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Adapting Whiteness Katherine of Aragon in Shakespeare and Fletcher’s All is True and Starz’s The Spanish Princess

The sources influencing Shakespeare’s representation of racialized queens continue to shape popular media representations of queenship. In this article, I argue that Juan Luis Vives’ Instruction of a Christian Woman influenced Shakespeare’s representation of Katherine of Aragon’s idealized whiteness in All is True (Henry VIII). Moreover, I show how Vives and Shakespeare in turn influence Starz’s 2019 The Spanish Princess. Firstly, I how Vives represents the domestic space of the royal household a form of racial enclosure intended to manage the paradoxical confluence of the queen’s biological reproductivity and the social circulation of her image. Katherine’s patronage of Vives demonstrates her agency in cultivating her cult of queenship through gendered and racially charged notions of kinship, conduct, and labor. These tropes elevate the racial purity of the queen through and at the expense of lower class and enslaved peoples whose work is often rendered invisible. I also argue that Vives and Shakespeare’s praise of Katherine’s exemplary kinship, conduct and labor function as compensatory mechanisms that serve to reify Katherine’s whiteness even as her marriage to Henry VIII is failing. While Starz’s The Spanish Princess recasts Katherine of Aragon’s story through the contemporary lens of #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter, it nevertheless borrows from Shakespeare and Vives’ construction of queenly whiteness at the expense of racial others.

Designing Augmented Reality-Based Learning Media for Facilitating Early Childhood's Naturalistic Intelligence

In facilitating naturalist intelligence, teachers often have difficulty presenting real objects in the classroom. Referring to the function of media in learning to overcome sensory limitations, space limitations and time limitations, media representations can illustrate abstract information so that it is clearer and more concrete. One of them is by using augmented reality-based media to present a 3D object in a real environment in real time. This study aims to develop learning media based on augmented reality to facilitate early childhood naturalist intelligence. The study used the EDR (Educational Design Research) method with research procedures adapted from the McKenney and Reeves model. Data analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The findings from this study indicate that the developed augmented reality media meets the criteria with an eligibility percentage of 88,5 % for the material validator and 98% for the media validator. Based on these results, it can be concluded that this media is very feasible to be used as a means to facilitate the development of naturalist intelligence in early childhood

Negotiation of Identities: The Case of Aeta Ambala’s Media Engagement

This research explores the impact of media engagement on the identity perceptions of the Aeta Ambala, an indigenous group in the Philippines, particularly after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. This catastrophic event led to significant displacement and cultural shifts for the Aeta, who were forced to adapt to urban lifestyles. The study focuses on the differences in identity perceptions between the older and younger generations, with the former holding onto pre-eruption cultural norms and the latter aligning more with urban and resettlement community cultures. Employing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the study finds that media representations often negatively portray the Aeta Ambala, leading to discrimination and altering self-perception. Despite this, the community maintains a strong sense of ethnic identity, viewing it as an immutable aspect of their heritage. Media engagement is seen as inevitable for staying informed, particularly in emergencies, but it also influences perceptions of the outside world and reshapes cultural and ethnic identity. Younger generations, more engaged with media, tend to adopt external beauty standards and lifestyles, leading to early marriages and cultural indifference. There is also a noted mistrust towards media organizations due to exploitation concerns. In conclusion, the study highlights the complex relationship between media interaction and self-identification within the Aeta Ambala community, suggesting that while media engagement alters perceptions and behaviors, the core Aeta Ambala culture remains strong and resilient. Keywords: Media engagement, ethnic identity, Aeta Ambala, indigenous peoples, identity negotiation.

Showcasing Women's Empowerment through Media Outlets of Pakistan

The role of media in promoting women's empowerment is crucial, especially in Pakistan where media is considered the fourth pillar of democracy. This research explores the transformative potential of media in advancing women's empowerment in Pakistan, acknowledging its role in amplifying women's voices and addressing societal norms. Despite the country's linguistic, religious, and cultural diversity, media emerges as a vital tool for disseminating information and catalyzing positive societal change. The study utilizes a qualitative method to assess female perspectives on the media's role in women's empowerment, highlighting the challenges and opportunities within the media landscape. Through analysis and discussion, the research examines the influence of media campaigns, representation, and portrayal on women's empowerment, addressing challenges such as stereotyping, limited representation, and biased coverage. This paper provides insights into the potential of media as a catalyst for women's empowerment in Pakistan through a synthesis of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. The data is being collected through the interviews.

Covering the Distant Other: Discursive Construction of the Makoko Community in Nigeria as “Venice of Africa”

ABSTRACT Journalistic texts are sites for the construction of meaning. Through their work, journalists construct, enact, and sustain identities and social realities. In particular, journalistic representations of poverty have implications for how poverty is perceived and addressed, and although extensive research has examined media representations of domestic poverty in the United States, very little is known about how American news organizations represent poverty in other contexts. Nonetheless, Western media have been criticized for presenting a homogenizing and totalizing image of Africa as the “dark continent.” This study explores CNN’s representation of Makoko, a low-income community in Nigeria, as the “Venice of Africa.” Critical discourse analysis of CNN stories about Makoko published between 2012 and 2023 reveals a complicated practice. CNN constructed different identities for Makoko, such as victim, achiever, and spectacle, thereby challenging notions of stereotypical representations of countries in Africa by Western media. However, a predominant focus on success, and the discursive strategy of transforming suffering into artistic spectacle, suggests an exclusive ideology, which contributes to a public ambivalence toward addressing the structural issues faced by this community.

The Production of Locality During the Pandemic: Feel the Rhythm of Korea and “Dynamite”

How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the social construction of locality? To examine the impact of the ruptures between physical mobility and digital fluidity on the media representation of locality, I analyzed two cases (the Korea Tourism Organization’s Feel the Rhythm of Korea project and BTS’ media performances for “Dynamite”) produced during the pandemic. Based on a textual analysis of the chosen video projects, I identified three social techniques in shaping locality: a mixture of the past and present, the territorialization of cultural references and performed bodies, and the rhetorical dichotomization of cultural space. I thus claim that locality is molded through a social practice of subjectivity that theatricalizes place attachment and spatial imagination, both influenced by border closures and digital adoption during the global crisis.

Did COVID-19 Affect News Media Representations of Prisons, Inmates, and Correctional Officers? A Look Prior and Postpandemic

This study examines news media representations of Canadian prisons pre and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Of interest was how media framed coverage of punishment and prisons with respect to discrete, event-driven traditional myths (prisons are dangerous, inmates are violent, correctional officers are cruel) versus more systemic, reform-oriented stories (more rehabilitation needed, racialized peoples over-represented, prison conditions harsh). In a pre-post COVID-19 content analysis of 182 stories, prison articles actually declined. Some traditional prison myths were still present and reinforced, but other myths were challenged and some were rarely seen. Discussions of prison reform were also frequently observed and grew during the pandemic.

Media representations of China's inclusive education: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis.

The Chinese government aspires for inclusive education to serve as an exemplary model in addressing educational inequity issues and establishing a responsible global image as a major power. Nevertheless, there has been limited focus on China's news media coverage concerning its inclusive education initiatives aimed at international audiences. To bridge this gap, this study employed a corpus-assisted critical discourse analytic approach to examine China's self-image in relation to its inclusive education endeavours. Seventy-three English-language news articles from the official channel were retrieved for meticulous line-by-line concordance analysis. The results indicate that out of the 520 co-occurring instances, they can be broadly categorised into four groups: efforts to develop inclusive education (65.4%); consensus on benefits of inclusive education (24.5%); challenges faced by inclusive education (4.8%); and others (5.4%). This study illuminates the effective utilisation of official media in the image construction of inclusive education in China.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA BERBASIS MASALAH

This research aims to determine students' mathematical representation abilities in solving problem-based story problems. The research method applied is a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The population of this study was 24 students of class X MIPA 1 at SMA Negeri 1 Telukjambe Barat, and the sample taken was 3 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The subject selection process is carried out to ensure that the sample reflects special characteristics or traits that are relevant to the research objectives. As a result, subjects were selected to represent categories of high, medium, and low mathematical representation ability. The data collection technique is in the form of a written test designed to measure students' mathematical representation abilities, with the test material focusing on sequences and series. The mathematical representation ability indicators measured involve visual, symbolic and verbal representations. The results show that students' ability to solve story problems is still moderate, with the potential to improve visual, symbolic and verbal skills; students in the high category can fulfill all representation indicators, while students in the low category require intervention to improve their understanding of mathematical word problems. The conclusion are the percentage of student achievement in visual and verbal aspects still being low, indicating the need for a learning approach that is more focused on developing visual representation abilities and verbally in the context of story problems to enrich students' experiences.

YOUNG PEOPLE AND FASCISM PROPAGANDA IN IRAN: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANTHEM ‘HAIL COMMANDER’

Since its inception in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has enormously capitalized on exploiting youths, from the recruitment of child soldiers during the Iran-Iraq war to deployments of underage boys and girls for political socialization. Political socialization, in this sense, has involved reinforcing Shia/Revolutionary ideologies through mobilizing young people for various cultural activities and propaganda campaigns. As part of these efforts, and in line with IRI’s mounting domestic and international struggles, since March 2022, the government has heavily invested in propagating ‘Hail Commander’, an anthem produced and broadcast by the state-run media. Exclusively performed by 7-14 years old children in uniforms, the content of this anthem (lyrics and visual features) bears a close resemblance to the lyrics of Giovinezza (Juvenility) of fascist Italy (1924-1943) and the political ideals promoted by Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth) in Nazi Germany (1926-1945). By drawing on theories of fascism, propaganda, and political socialization, and using comparative critical analysis, this study reveals the underlying propagandist messages in Hail Commander and its relations to the fascist/Nazi praxis and ideologies. It is further argued that the creation of Hail Commander should be seen as the revival of the child soldier phenomenon, albeit in the form of media representation.

Questioning the Covid-19-induced ‘counterurbanisation story’: Discourse coalitions in the promotion of a new counterurban movement in the Austrian public media

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to a discursive change in the representation of urban-rural mobilities in the Austrian public media. Before the pandemic, a narrative of ‘rural decline’ had dominated the media discourse. Media have since changed this narrative to one of counterurbanisation as a result of the (perceived) effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on residential location choices. However, in contrast to media perceptions, scientific debates were more reluctant to identify a Covid-induced counterurban movement. In this paper, we take the opposition between the media representation and the scientific evidence as a starting point for a critical investigation of the media representation of counterurbanisation in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Following the approach of discourse coalitions, we investigated the actors and the coalitions they had formed to promote a Covid-induced ‘counterurbanisation story’. We could identify two coalitions that created two variations of the Covid-induced ‘counterurbanisation story’: a prudent and an idealised discourse. These two discourses were promoted by different actors with different interests. Through our findings, the paper adds another layer to study of the construction of a ‘counterurbanisation story’.

Rugby union, class and ‘Middle Ireland’ in Irish media

Although graduates of elite Irish fee-paying schools are disproportionately represented in the Irish men’s national rugby union team, Irish international games are among the most popular on Irish terrestrial television, signifying rugby’s growth as a spectator sport in Ireland. This article examines the role of Irish print, broadcast media and related publications in popularising elite-level Irish rugby. Employing a principally Bourdieusian theoretical perspective it analyses how media representation obscures the significance of class background and elite schooling in facilitating players’ individual and collective social advancement and material gain prior to, in and beyond rugby careers. One is by highlighting players’ relatability and transcendence of class privilege as the antithesis of the popular Irish caricature of an arrogant, privately educated former schools rugby player, Ross O’Carroll Kelly. The second is the displacement of class, in media representations, onto narratives, and performances, of regional and stylistic variety that are contained within an all-encompassing, inclusive conceptualization of ‘middle Ireland’.

Negotiating challenges faced by homicide offenders upon their release from prison: a thematic analysis

This study explored the perceptions of the challenges faced by homicide offenders (HOs) reintegrating into the community after prison. Through interviews with six HOs and 10 Probation Officers in the United Kingdom, three themes were identified in the thematic analysis: Transitioning from life in prison to a new world; societal stigma and media representations; and the psychological aspects of homicide. Reintegrating into a fast-paced society proved difficult for all HOs, who struggled to adapt, carry their licensing conditions, find identity and purpose, and cope with the fear of being recalled to prison. Stigma and negative media portrayal hindered their acceptance by society. Managing psychological factors and self-identity while addressing the gravity of taking a life may provide a sense of individual agency and prevent reoffending. These findings can inform policymakers and practitioners working with homicide offenders in the community.

Конструирование исторических образов в медиапространстве: социально-философские аспекты и когнитивное воздействие

The article discusses the socio-philosophical significance of historical images in media space and their impact on the cognitive and behavioral processes of individuals. The study aims to analyze the criteria that ensure the social relevance of historical reconstructions within intergroup communications. The main focus is on the pro-cesses of creating simplified but emotionally rich images of the past, which serve as an alternative to analytical research. The authors analyze the role of various sources of information, including art, scientific works, educa-tional materials, and mass media, in shaping these images. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the influ-ence of 20th-century mass media on the dissemination of historical knowledge and myths. The synergy of in-formation flows in creating a coordinated historical picture that influences public consciousness and perception of history is studied. The concept of “historical image” is of key importance in the study, determining the meth-odological approach and inclusion in the discourse of works devoted to the analysis of historical narratives and media representations. The results obtained contribute to the formation of an interdisciplinary basis for the study of historical images, allowing for a sociological interpretation of knowledge about the historical past, tak-ing into account the influence of culture, politics, and demographics, thus expanding the perspectives of analy-sis and the development of related scientific fields.

Measuring Perception of Criminality towards Women: A Descriptive Analysis

The perception of criminality towards women is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that affects their well-being, safety, and access to justice. This paper reviews the existing literature on this topic, focusing on the descriptive methods and findings of previous studies. The paper describes the main factors that influence the perception of criminality towards women, such as gender stereotypes, media representations, and social norms. It also identifies the main themes and patterns that emerge from the descriptive research, such as the role of victim blaming, empathy, and emotions. The paper synthesizes and summarizes the key insights and implications of descriptive research for theory and practice, highlighting the gaps and challenges in the current knowledge and methods. The paper provides recommendations and suggestions for future research and policy on the perception of criminality towards women, based on the descriptive analysis of the literature. The paper concludes that more rigorous and comprehensive descriptive research is needed to understand and address the perception of criminality towards women in different contexts and settings.

The Influence of Bollywood Movies on the representation of Indian Indentured Labourers in Mauritian Media and Culture

This study explores the influence of Bollywood movies on the representation of Indian indentured labourers in Mauritian media and culture. The research investigates the ways in which Bollywood movies have impacted the depiction of Indian Indentured labourers in Mauritian society, and how this representation has changed over time. The study utilizes a qualitative method, including questionnaires, relevant literature reviews, and content analysis of popular Bollywood films and Mauritian media. The findings indicate that Bollywood movies have had a significant impact on the representation of Indian indentured labourers in Mauritian media and culture. While earlier representations of indentured labourers in Mauritian media were largely negative and stereotypical, Bollywood movies have played a key role in challenging these stereotypes and promoting a more positive image of the Indian community in Mauritius. The study highlights the importance of media representation in shaping cultural perceptions and argues that Bollywood movies have played a vital role in promoting a more nuanced and positive image of Indian indentured labourers in Mauritian society. The study concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and for promoting cultural diversity in Mauritian society.