Newspaper Media Research Articles

Exploring Trust and Mistrust Relating to the MMR Vaccine in Danish Newspapers Using Computational Analysis and Framing Analysis

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the MMR vaccine debate was framed as a matter of public trust or mistrust on Danish newspaper media. Our results, based on computational analysis of the information dynamics of 231 newspaper articles from 2001 to 2019 and subsequent qualitative framing analysis, provide additional information about MMR vaccination coverage in the three major Danish national newspapers, Politiken, Berlingske and Ekstrabladet. We used a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to train article-level dense low-dimensional representations and explored the information dynamics using Nielbo et al.’s [1, 2] approach to change detection in news-based information signals. In addition, we used Entman [3] to identify and analyse frames that related to trust and mistrust of MMR vaccination. We found that the Danish MMR debate followed patterns of novelty and resonance that typify the expected dynamics of news reporting by legacy news media when news is not catastrophic or shocking [2]. Supporting this finding, the framing analysis showed that the three newspapers promoted vaccines as safe and valuable for society throughout the period. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from cultural studies, science studies, public health, computational humanities and media studies, this study presents a methodologically innovative approach to studying historical and near-real time framing of (mis)trust of vaccination in newspaper articles. Recent debates about the safety of Covid-19 vaccines underline the importance of quantifying and qualifying vaccine discourses and paying attention to legacy media’s overall agenda-setting role.

Write a Scientific Paper course - Utility or otherwise?

Publish or perish is a cliched mantra but publishing requires the acquisition of a wide set of disparate skills that are typically learned in a completely ad-hoc manner in an early period of one's career. The Write a Scientific Paper (WASP) course is delivered online by an experienced, international faculty of academics, including several medical journal editors. This study retrospectively analyzed the attendees' perceptions of the usefulness and the utility of WASP. An email questionnaire of 11 questions was sent to all previous WASP attendees, 370 subjects, in May 2022. The questions included the geographical locations of the subjects as well as the number of published articles before and since WASP course. Besides a couple of questions on rating and recommending the WASP course, some other related questions were also asked. There were 68 responses (18%) with high agreement (Cronbach α = 0.92). The WASP course fared well across the different research-oriented dimensions and expectations and is mostly welcomed by young career professionals. Following WASP, a 9% increase in scientific writing and published articles engagement was reported. WASP is an international and unique course that emphasises presentation skills using newspaper media theory. It highlights to the delegates the importance of understanding the conflicting tripod of forces that govern publishing. Authors wish to publish more; readers are inundated, wishing to read less, whereas journal editors' primary aims are to elevate their journals' impact factors. WASP endorsements and the testimonials are invariably positive. The transition to online barely affected satisfaction rates with WASP while permitting the enrolment of a more international faculty that includes even more journal editors. WASP's ultimate objective is to impart the faculty's collective experience to the delegates in this crucial, early aspect of career progress.

‘I want to die on my own terms’: Dominant interpretative repertoires of ‘a good death’ in old age in Dutch newspapers

RationaleThere is a paucity of empirical studies exploring how death and dying in old age are actually represented and debated within the Dutch society. ObjectiveThis study examines the discourse used in Dutch newspapers on the good death and dignified dying. It analyses how different types of social actions and positions are construed, thereby describing how death and dying in old age are portrayed in newspaper media. Methods173 newspaper articles between 2010 and 2020 were selected from five Dutch national newspapers. Data were thematically coded and scrutinised for discursive patterns in order to identify interpretative repertoires and their functions. ResultsFour interpretative repertoires of good death and dying in old age were identified, all drawing on the assisted dying debate: Choice, Risk, Care, and Complexity. Each repertoire constructs a particular image of death and dying, varying from it being a personal choice; a last resort; a joint journey; to a contingent quest. The different repertoires imply distinct identities and actions. The Choice-repertoire construes older people as active subjects who autonomously determine their own death. The Risk- and Care-repertoires both construe older people primarily as passive and acted upon: either threatened by illness, decline and death; or protected and cared for by others and society. The Complexity-repertoire construes older people's situation as an object of reflection. Discussion and conclusionThe strong prevalence of the Choice-repertoire in Dutch newspapers construes good death and dignified dying in old age in a salient way, unrepresentatively highlighting assisted dying as the preferred imagined practice. It is hypothesised that reimaging the Care- and Complexity-repertoires in such a way that they construe older persons in a more active subject role could help depolarise the debate on death and dying in old age.

“Good Business in Missouri”: Minstrelsy, Violence, and the Case of Louis Wright

This article contextualizes the professional life and traumatizing lynching death of African American blackface minstrel Louis Wright in New Madrid, Missouri, in 1902. It unearths the physical dangers of “entertaining while Black” in early twentieth-century America. Wright’s life serves as a window into the racialized, gendered world of the American minstrel stage, which is gleaned from advertising information, entertainer biographies, and the early twentieth-century theatrical press. The essay highlights the mid-nineteenth-century origins of African American blackface minstrelsy, chronicles obstacles unique to Black traveling performers, and investigates contradictory reporting in African American and White newspaper media accounts of white supremacist violence. Ultimately, the Wright case and the persistence of racial violence were among the motivating factors in the pursuit of autonomous Black traveling theater in American entertainment during the nadir.

The Ramapough Mountain Indians’ Unsuccessful Bid for Federal Acknowledgement

This exploratory study used content analysis to examine socio-cultural factors associated with the unsuccessful bid of the Ramapough Mountain Indians (RMI) for federal acknowledgment. It applied the McCulloch & Wilkins 4-factor framework for explaining success in the Federal Acknowledgement Process (FAP): (1) meeting the social construction of the image of an Indian, (2) cohesiveness of the self-identity of the tribe’s members, (3) perceived legitimacy of benefits or burdens directed toward the group, and (4) tribe’s resources to assist acknowledgement effort. The study hypothesized that if the framework is applicable, then newspaper articles will reflect weakness or negativity with regard to the four factors. With a sample of 50 newspaper articles from 21 newspaper outlets, thematic and quantitative analyses revealed that application of the framework offered socio-cultural insights about RMI’s unsuccessful bid. The analyses coded for the presence and prevalence over time of each factor with inter-rater reliability 80-100%. Results indicated varied depictions of the RMI in the newspaper media during the FAP, with some articles centering indigenous experiences and leadership and other articles focusing on negative stereotypes of indigenous communities. The study illuminated the powerful role over time of economic and political opponents in shaping negative media narratives particularly in relation to Indian gaming. Given critiques of bias in the FAP, this study supports the argument for reforming this process with input from indigenous communities. Limitations of this study include the exploratory nature of the research, manualized data analysis of a complex data source, and the impact of researcher bias.

Agriculture and downstream ecosystems in Florida: an analysis of media discourse.

Environmental media discourse analysis allows researchers to explore thematic patterns in media coverage of environmental issues through qualitative observations and quantitative coding. In this paper, we review newspaper media coverage in Florida pertaining to the connections between agriculture, other non-point pollution sources, and downstream ecosystem health. We analyzed 930 articles from 2007 through 2019 to determine common patterns in how these issues are covered by Florida media, including patterns in the causes of environmental problems, potential solutions, and stakeholders mentioned. Findings suggest that water quality problems are often framed as unpredictable or episodic rather than chronic, and as requiring (and only potentially being remediated by) state-level centralized technological or infrastructural solutions. Stakeholder relationships are framed as adversarial, with environmentalists and the agricultural sector as opponents. This case study highlights key power dynamics, barriers, and opportunities for better managing and communicating about agricultural land use practices and associated downstream environmental impacts.

Newspaper digital transformation in Medan: Analysis of SWOT and existence

The era of digital technology demands adjustments for print mass media entrepreneurs to maintain the continuity of their production and marketing. On the other hand, many people still depend on their interest to continue reading the printed version of the newspaper, given the limitations of internet access and the affordability of using a smartphone. This study aims to determine the existence of newspapers or printed newspapers in the city of Medan and the factors that influence their development and implications for public literacy through printed newspapers. This research method uses qualitative research using a content analysis approach by observing the production figures of printed newspapers, the amount of advertising revenue, and critical analysis of literacy issues. The results showed that the daily printed newspapers in Medan, which amounted to 30 newspapers, were in critical condition and estimated to be closed in 2040. The advertising supply at the heart of newspapers declined drastically to the lowest level. The political economy theory of media put forward by Garnham clearly shows that the mass media, including the printed mass media of newspapers, is closely related to economic problems. This means that the mass media of letters will not be able to live without the support of economic power, and of course, it has implications for the level and quality of literacy of those who read through printed newspapers.

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBE TEACHING CONCEPT BASED ON EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH CURRICULUM

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBE TEACHING CONCEPT BASED ON EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN COLLEGE ENGLISH CURRICULUM

P-496 “The plethora of information can be overwhelming…”: A mixed methods study exploring the sources of fertility information

Abstract Study question What sources are used when seeking fertility information and how informed do individuals feel about these sources? Summary answer Sources discussed with varying levels of access, reliability, and trust included: school education; healthcare-professionals; websites (general/government/medical); social-media/online-forums; family/friends; smartphone-apps; books/magazines/newspapers; fertility-products; sexual-health clinics/centres and charities. What is known already As the average age of first-time parents continues to rise, health policies have highlighted the importance of optimising reproductive health through better knowledge. There has also been a concerted effort by various reproductive health groups to improve fertility awareness. Understanding the different sources of information used by the target audience is important for disseminating and improving fertility knowledge. This mixed-methods study therefore aimed to assess the different sources used by individuals when seeking fertility information and the perceived accessibility and reliability of these sources in order to understand what’s working, what isn’t, and opportunities for improvement. Study design, size, duration Mixed method research was conducted via a UK-wide cross-sectional survey and semi-structed interviews. Results were obtained from 1,082 survey respondents and in-depth interviews with 15 men and 20 women. Interviewees were purposively sampled to include men and women from the reproductive age range (18-45 years) and of varying ethnic and educational backgrounds. Participants/materials, setting, methods Survey participants were recruited nationwide via online newspaper and social media adverts and of those who agreed to a follow-up interview, 35 were included this study. Interviews lasted an hour on average. Data was transcribed and analysed via thematic framework analysis. Favourable ethical opinion was given by University College London Research Ethics Committee. Main results and the role of chance When asked about knowledge from school education, 89.3% of survey respondents selected ‘good’/’some knowledge’ on the biology of reproduction and pregnancy-prevention, contrasting with 76.4% who reported having ‘no knowledge’/’do not recall’ of factors affecting fertility or protection of fertility. While healthcare-professionals were ranked the most trusted but not easily accessible source, the internet was the most used, due to accessibility and perceived anonymity. However, many internet sources weren’t trusted, with a respondent citing “the plethora of information can be overwhelming, you don’t know what you can trust.” Male, 27, White. Interviews highlighted family and friends as important sources, but with recurring themes around awkwardness and embarrassment discussing the topic. For example, one respondent recalled that her first discussion of sex with her mother was on her wedding night stating, “…Mum, I'm 28! And you’re just discussing this with me now?” Female, 36, Asian. Social media was seen as a useful tool for wider reach of different population groups. Mobile apps (e.g. cycle-trackers) were cited but with concerns over information reliability; while others discussed using fertility products like sperm and ovulation kits to better understand their fertility. Other sources discussed include health centres, sexual health clinics, charities and other third-party organisations. Limitations, reasons for caution A key methodological limitation of this study is that the interviewees were self-selected, which has implications for generalisability. The results necessarily reflect the views of those who were willing to participate. Additionally, the online recruitment method could result in potential bias towards respondents of higher socioeconomic status. Wider implications of the findings School education remains a consistent but sometimes inadequate source of fertility information. Ensuring better fertility information during school education may offset the impact of unreliable sources. In addition to websites, apps and products based on robust scientific evidence, there remains an important need for additional training for primary healthcare-professionals. Trial registration number N/A

ANALISIS FRAMING BERITA PEGAWAI PAJAK KORUPSI PADA SURAT KABAR KOMPAS.COM DAN DETIKFINANCE

The purpose of this study is to explain two different online-based newspaper media with the same news topic to find out the differences in the framing of the two news storiesusing the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki model framing analysis approach which is divided into four parts, namely; syntax, script, thematic, and rhetorical. News must be based on facts, but each media has its own characteristics through news texts in an effort to lead opinion, display an impressive image, and the public needs to think critically. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The online-based newspaper used are Kompas.com entitled “KPK Tetapkan 2 Pejabat Ditjen Pajak Tersangka Suap dan Gratifikasi” and DetikFinance entitled “Huft… Gaji Pegawai Pajak Hampir Ratusan Juta tapi Masih Korupsi Juga”, the two media have different characteristics in convey news so that it can be seen more efficiently which one is a role model in writing news texts. The topics chosen are according to the 2021 publication year with a discussion of corruption cases by tax officials. The result of the research that can be seen are that the Kompas.com media is more suitable as a role model in news writing because it chooses words that are selective and professional. Meanwhile, DetikFinance media involves gimmicks in news writing which is published as a public attraction. It is known, the delivery of news needs to be serious in an professional manner without sensation.

Pandemic has Recaste Media Template

In August 2021, nearly 200 million people globally were believed to have had Covid-19 since the first case was reported in China in late 2019. The reported global death toll topped 4.26 million even as the World Health Organisation (WHO) expressed grave concern over the coronavirus, its mutations and the ever growing list of symptoms. The Covid-19 pandemic has rightly been regarded as the worst disaster befalling the global social and economic landscape in the last almost 100 years. Whilst previous natural or manmade disasters viz. earthquakes, floods, epidemics and World War I/II were largely confined to a continent or two, the magnitude of coronavirus contagion is still unfolding for mankind. The pandemic, which quickly spread far and wide due to an interconnected world, faster travel modes and voluminous international trade, has impacted every facet of life and society, business being no exception. During these troubled times, the conventional mass media of newspapers, periodicals and news channels were at the forefront of informing the public about the outbreak and the aftermath of the pandemic, which is believed to have originated from a discreet lab in Wuhan, China. The media has been tirelessly disseminating news about Covid-19, lockdown, restrictions on trade and movement, the development of vaccines, probe into its genesis, collaboration between nations, vaccination process et al. The media has dextrously been highlighting the radical shift in the pre-Covid norms of society as also business, trade and industry. The crystallisation of new normal taking shape in these domains has lucidly been narrated and presented by the mass media for the general public.Ironically, while the media resiliently dispensed a yeoman’s service to the community by informing and educating on the crisis, it also underwent an irreversible metamorphosis itself! Beyond the noble purpose of serving as a vital pillar of democracy, a news organisation is intrinsically a business or a non-profit entity, as the case may be according to its constitution, for sustenance and growth. It also follows the standard principles that power the biggest of the global corporations to the more modest trading or industrial units locally. With the entire value and supply chains of the industrial and commercial world getting disrupted, thus bringing about a sudden shift in the conventional processes and the work hierarchies, the media could no longer afford the luxury of a status quo.

The association of adolescent e-cigarette harm perception to advertising exposure and marketing type

BackgroundDespite controversy over their possible health consequences, manufacturers of e-cigarettes employ a variety of marketing media to increase their popularity among adolescents. This study analyzed the relationship between adolescent e-cigarette harm perception and five types of e-cigarette advertising exposures: social media, radio, billboard, newspaper, and television.MethodsThis study used data from Wave 4.5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (PATH). PATH collects demographic data and interview individuals about issues pertaining to tobacco use, health outcomes, attitudes, and behaviors. This study applied factor analysis to three individual PATH harm perception items to develop a composite harm perception score. Using linear regression, the study explored the relationship of harm perception and participant responses to their recalled viewing of five different types (i.e., newspaper, radio, billboard, television and social media) of advertisements within the past 30 days. A second analysis explored if adjusting for exposure to anti-tobacco messaging and environmental factors such as family approval mitigated the association of harm perception and advertisement types.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 12,570 (weighted N = 23,993,149) individuals aged 12 to 17 years old. Unadjusted past 30-day exposure to newspaper, radio, billboard, and social media advertising all correlated with a reduced harm perception, but only the associations for newspaper and social media were statistically significant (p<0.05). After adjusting for environmental support factors, exposure to warning labels, and anti-tobacco advertisements, the analysis yielded statistically significant associations between increased e-cigarette harm perception and exposure to radio, billboard, and television advertisements (p<0.05). Adjusting for covariates also reduced the association of marketing and harm perception for all forms of media.ConclusionE-cigarette advertising influences adolescent perceptions of harm in e-cigarette use, particularly for social media and newspaper advertisements. This association weakens when adjusted for covariates such as environmental support and exposure to anti-tobacco marketing. These findings provide evidence for policy makers to continue anti-tobacco marketing and incorporate environmentally supportive strategies such as holistic, family-centered educational approaches to reduce e-cigarette use among adolescents.

A Study of Gender Representation in English and Urdu Newspapers in Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis

The present study is concerned with the stereotypical representation of gender in print media of Pakistani newspapers, in English and Urdu. The study specifically focused on discourse analysis critically for aspects of sexism and gender representation. The analysis of the selected texts from both English and Urdu newspapers was done in the light of three-dimensional model presented by Fairclough (1989) and the images were analyzed with objectification theory by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997). The analysis shows gender representation in these newspapers was deep-rooted in their ideological positioning determined by the typical social ideology. The analysis showed that women in Urdu newspaper are represented as objects in provocative manner. They are represented mostly in their stereotypical role like house wives and pieces of enjoyment for men. The English newspaper on the other hand, showed them more in their professional role though with some cultural tags as well.

Sanksi Pidana Pelaku Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial

&#x0D; Defamation is a continuous and active act in the sense that the suspect and the suspect meet face-to-face and defamation if it is expressed by speaking incorrectly and insinuating about someone to others and the news is heard by the person concerned through issues, or through newspaper media. and electronic media. The Government of Indonesia has made and stipulates legal regulations governing Electronic Information and Transactions in a form of legislation, namely Law no. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the regulation of criminal acts of defamation through social media and to discuss sanctions for perpetrators of defamation through social media. This research uses normative legal research, using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The system for regulating criminal acts of defamation through social media is regulated in Articles 310 and 311 of the Criminal Code and Article 27 paragraph (3) Article 28 paragraph (1) and Article 36 of the ITE Law. The sanctions are regulated in Article 45 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law, namely imprisonment a maximum of 6 (six) months and/or a fine of Rp. 1,000,000,000, - (one billion rupiah).

Public participation: healthcare rationing in the newspaper media

BackgroundIt is impossible to meet all healthcare demands, but an open and fair rationing process may improve the public acceptability of priority setting in healthcare. Decision-making is subject to scrutiny by newspaper media, an important public institution and information source for discussions about rationing. In Norway, healthcare rationing has been subject to public debate both before and after the establishment of “The National System for Managed Introduction of New Health Technologies within the Specialist Health Service” (New Methods) in 2013.AimTo describe and assess the development of the public debate on Norwegian healthcare rationing through three cases in print media.MethodsWe purposively sampled Norwegian newspaper articles between 2012 and 2018 concerning three reimbursement decisions in the Norwegian system. The reimbursement decisions were ipilimumab (Yervoy, n = 45) against metastatic melanoma, nivolumab (Opdivo, n = 23) against non-small cell lung cancer, and nusinersen (Spinraza, n = 68) against spinal muscular atrophy. Cases were analysed separately using the qualitative method of systematic text condensation.ResultsOur analysis highlighted four common themes—money, rationales, patient stories, and process—and a unique theme for each case. Ipilimumab was uniquely themed by rationing rejection, nivolumab by healthcare two-tiering, and Spinraza by patients’ rights. We found wide media deliberation among a multitude of stakeholders in all cases. Perceptions of rationing were found to be chiefly aligned with previous empirical research. We found that the media reported more frequently on opposition to rationing compared to findings from previous studies on Norwegian healthcare decision-making attitudes. We think this was influenced by our selection of cases receiving extraordinary media attention, and from media sources being subject to political communication from special interest groups.ConclusionWe observed that the introduction of New Methods institutionalised Norwegian healthcare rationing and isolated the public debate into conversations between stakeholders and decision makers outside the political sphere. The findings from these three extraordinary debates are not generalisable and should be seen as a stakeholder learning opportunity regarding media coverage and engagement with expensive specialist healthcare decision-making in Norway.

Committing Crime to Attend Online Class: Elucidating News Media’s Polemic on Covid-19 Distance Learning Policies

Educational research papers that explored Covid-19 have naturally focused on the problems of distance learning implementation but also underscores its severe impacts. This study aims to demonstrate the polemic against Covid-19 distance learning policies within news media outlet. The method of this qualitative study is a literature review on 5 newspaper media and 10 online media to obtain data of news items on Covid-19 distance learning that were published from April to December 2020 (9 months). This study tracked 82 news items from newspaper media and 191 news items from online media and determined three trends across all of the news items: obstacles, impact and policies of distance learning. Results showed that the implementation of distance learning is still far from expectations due to the lack of communication between the government and the school, the lack of human resources and supporting facilities, and the non-existent supervision towards schools that ignore the policies. This paper contributed in delivering the obstacles that arise from and because of distance education policies that news media report to the public.

Content analysis of reports of student suicide deaths in South African print medium newspapers

PurposeThe aim was to assess the quality of newspaper reporting of university student suicides in South Africa, using the World Health Organisation guidelines. Suicide among university students is a growing public health problem. The media has an important role to play in preventing student suicides by adhering to international best practice guidelines on ethical reporting of suicides.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a content analysis of print medium newspaper articles in the 13 most widely read English language South African newspapers from the period of January 2017 to January 2020.FindingsThe initial search yielded a total of 28 news reports, of which 19 met this study’s inclusion criteria and were analysed using content analysis. The quality of reporting showed both potentially harmful and helpful characteristics. Poor adherence to international reporting guidelines were found in the description of method and location of suicide, sensational headlines, publishing photos of the deceased, linking suicide to criminality, simplistic narration of the life events leading to the suicide and use of sensational and potentially triggering language. No reports adhered to all reporting guidelines. Findings suggests that there are widespread potentially unhelpful practices in the reporting of student suicides and a need for suicide prevention experts to work with journalists to promote critical reflexivity and ethical reasoning when writing about student suicides.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only included news reports published in English in the most widely read newspapers.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to systematically examine media reporting on suicide in South Africa.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Sekolah Terbaik Di Kota Medan Dengan Menggunakan Metode AHP Berbasis Web

In the selection of the best school for prospective students / students or who will continue their education. Many criteria that must be seen from the number of schools in the city of Medan, which is one of the factors determining the quality of the school. Because it only uses the help of newspaper media and brochures, many prospective students are confused or hesitant in determining which school they want to enter. Many schools are often not in accordance with the information in the newspaper media and brochures, this can certainly harm prospective students / students who want to enter the school. Thus many prospective students / students or guardians of students / students feel doubtful in determining which school to choose. Based on previous research on the selection of the best schools in the journal. The support system of decision determination of the favorite school of the private junior high school level using the analitycal hierarchy process method. The existence of a decision support system that is able to provide problem solving to make it easier for prospective students / students in determining the best school so that there is no confusion or doubt in determining the best school. The Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) method can test the consistency of assumptions against an alternative in the determination of the best schools, Applications that use the Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) method based on WEB is one application that can help in determining the selection of the best school, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a functional hierarchy with its name input in the form of human perception.

Indonesian Government Bureaucracy Efforts to Prevent Covid-19 at the Beginning of the Pandemic Period

Since the World Health Organization declared the Corona Covid-19 virus as an epidemic, in the following, the Indonesian Government also stated that the Corona virus problem has become a non-natural national disaster. The President of the Republic of Indonesia and the Regional government together with their staff are helping one another in preventing the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Many government bureaucratic efforts have been made by issuing policies as the initial steps to prevent the spread of Covid-19. As the implementer of the bureaucracy, the Government always strives to provide effective public services in efforts to prevent the spread of the Corona Covid-19 virus in society. From the central level to the heads of the provinces, Regencies and even the municipal governments. This study applies the content analysis method, in which the content analysis is limited to newspaper media which convey information related to some policies information presented by each head of government, both in several regions and countries. The purpose of this research is to provide education to the public in dealing with global disasters and efforts to prevent them. The results show that the bureaucratic efforts of the central government and local governments through various policies have carried out many communication strategies for their respective regional communities through coercion, informative, expulsion, targeting, persuasion and excess techniques in message packages in the form of instructions, to the public to prevent Covid-19 in their area. However, the techniques of coercion up to the approval stage are enforced to prevent the effect of violations on offenders. The central government in this case has not maximized its roles in implementing a comprehensive communication strategy for all local governments. This is due to the absence of the National Command from the central government which seems to be slow in preventing the transmission of Covid-19, which has become a global disaster, including in Indonesia.

Constructing the image of soldiers by using newspaper media during the final phase of war in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has experienced an ethnic conflict for nearly three decades (1983-2009). As of any conflict, military forces have played a key role by actively involving in the battlefield during this war. However, it was evident that during different phases of the war in Sri Lanka, the acceptance and the reputation of the armed forces by the civil society have subjected to a great extent of variation. Although protecting the country was their duty, criticisms directed against them because of their military actions. In this context, there was an active attempt to legitimize battle, and media was widely used as a platform for this process. Although a considerable number of literature and researches have been conducted to study the war in Sri Lanka, the lack of studies and literature regarding the soldiers is recognizable. Hence this study tried to fill that study gap by focusing on how print media was used to construct the image of the soldiers in the final phase of the war in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the objective of this study was to critically investigate the role of newspapers in terms of constructing the identity of soldiers during the final phase, from 2006 to 2009. This was based on a discourse analysis of the weekend Sinhala and English newspapers. This study revealed that, different identities have existed towards the soldiers. Furthermore, as another observed fact, the newspapers have widely highlighted and brought forward the humanitarian facet of these soldiers. However, this study was conducted based on the newspapers of only two official languages. This may lead to miss the perspectives from the Tamil newspapers which may have conveyed other opinions about the soldiers and their actions, during these periods.