Issues In Media Research Articles

Below the Radar: Private Groups, Locked Platforms, and Ephemeral Content—Introduction to the Special Issue

This special issue of Social Media + Society originates from the first AoIR Flashpoint Symposium, entitled “Below the Radar: Private Groups, Locked Platforms and Ephemeral Content.” The aim of this conference was to investigate platform-driven changes and emerging practices of everyday-life content production occurring “below the radar” of internet research, or outside of previous standards of data visibility and accessibility on which most internet studies have been based over the last decade. In the current context, online spaces seem to be heading toward more circumscribed and unsteady forms of publicness, which contrast with the platform affordances upon which the theorization of networked publics has been built. Private groups, locked platforms, and ephemeral contents are some of the challenges that require the development of new perspectives and research tools capable of adapting to this shifting environment. In this introduction, we will illustrate how the theme of “below the radar” has evolved since the initial call thanks to the confrontation with the researchers who participated in the conference, and this special issue, and we will introduce the nine articles that make up the collection. These articles, which combine different research disciplines and techniques, provide a map of some of the most urgent theoretical, ethical, and methodological issues concerning the current transformations of the visibility regimes of online social action.

Gratifications and Challenges of Banks Adoption of Social Media Advertising Tool

The study looks into how Nigerian banks use social media advertising and what they get out of it. The study's objectives were to investigate First Bank Nigeria's social media advertising trends and determine the benefits and drawbacks of using social media advertising. The study used a quantitative and qualitative research design that was based on the diffusion of innovation theory. The study's quantitative component focused on descriptive and inferential analyses of the bank's social media platforms, as well as answers from respondents (bank employees and customers), while the qualitative component focused on a textual analysis of the social media advertisements. First Bank used a number of internet advertising resources, according to the report (social media inclusive). The findings suggest that social media is simple to use and understand, that it attracts customers' attention to products and services, that it provides an instant feedback mechanism, and that it helps the bank save money. Social media has a broad reach, ensures audience target efficiency, and delivers fun. The strength of social media bank adverts is that they encourage practitioners to work more efficiently by providing rapid feedback, having a broad reach, and being simple to use. The issues of trust management, control, technical knowledge, identity management, unrestricted audience, irreversible information, and crisis communications, on the other hand, are challenging for bank social media usage. On the subject of social media issues, banks advertisers are expected to be aware of the areas that may be addressed, such as preventing unethical and anonymous individuals from accessing their platform. Furthermore, only reputable and trustworthy material should be allowed on social media. Keywords: Advertising, Banks, Challenges, Social Media, Uses and Gratifications DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/98-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

A Dialectical Social Framework for the Analysis of Media Communication

This article proposes a dialectical theoretical framework for the analysis of media and media communication. The study begins with the determination that a genuine theoretical analysis of media and communication must take into account certain constitutive relations and processes within the social whole, since communication is not part of a single social structure or a distinctive structure within a social system. The article tries to formulate and analyze these relationships and processes in the form of dialectical tensions and patterns created by simultaneous, twin and overlapping dialectic relationships and processes of individualization-socialization and classification-massization. In doing so, the article reinterprets the forms of old and new media and of communication and highlights blogs as they reveal a true communicative media potential; the article also discusses concepts such as “free labor”, which is also used by those who approach communication and media issues from political economy, and proposes new concepts such as virtual class and virtual petty bourgeoisie.

War of Ideology vs a Sober View: Sustainable vs Resilient?

After serious ecological problems had arisen, the ideology “to protect Mother Earth by all means” emerged and the very symbol of “Mother Earth” developed into a key media issue. The authors and spreaders of this ideology rely heavily on the concept of non-resilient sustainability. Unquestioning and uncritical adherence to this rigid principle led to the emergence of a series of societal experiments and their unexpected consequences. In the article, I study this ideology and compare it with the soberer scientific and socio-political viewpoint of resilience.

Media literacy in the system of the secondary education in Russia

This article is devoted to the issue of media education in Russian school. The main attention is paid to the concepts of media education and media literacy. The authors have studied the issue of media literacy in the education system of Russia. They have discovered that today an insufficient attention is paid to the problem of media literacy and media education at the school level. The authors argue that the educational standards and the school textbooks do not take into account the need to teach methods of protection against manipulation in the media.

Партия и СМИ (развитие партийно-советской печати Калмыкии в 20–30-е гг. ХХ в.)

Introduction. The paper provides insight into archival sources and shows the development of Kalmykia’s party-Soviet print media during the 1920s and 1930s. Kalmyk Party Organization tended to keep a strong focus on the growth of mass media in the region. So, before 1926 there was only one newspaper in Kalmyk Oblast ― Ulan Khal’mg (Kalm. ‘Red Kalmyk’), while that very year proper witnessed the emergence of multiple periodicals, such as Krasnaya step’ (Russ. ‘Red Steppe’), Kalmytskie izvestiya (Russ. ‘Kalmyk News’), journals Vestnik Kalmytskogo obkoma VKP(b) (Russ. ‘Newsletter of Kalmyk Oblast VKP(b) Committee’), Za rabotu (Russ. ‘Down to Work’), etc. Goals. The study seeks to clarify the impacts of Kalmyk Oblast Party Organization on the development of regional print media. Materials and Methods. The article analyzes multiple ― and authentic ― documents stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Party Collection), key research principles being those of objectivity and historicism. Results. The work concludes that issues of print media’s development were regularly discussed at Party conferences, plenums, and meetings of Kalmyk Oblast Party Committee. The latter’s Bureau would employ experienced journalists to strengthen republican and district-level newspapers. The published books and brochures were summarizing political, organizational, and ideological experiences of party organizations. Kalmyk- and Russian-language newspapers and journals were tightening ties between the Party and people, which facilitated an easier implementation of state policies. Thus, print media were used by the Party and its agencies as a means of political mobilization and education.

Public Response to a Social Media Tobacco Prevention Campaign: Content Analysis.

BackgroundPrior research suggests that social media–based public health campaigns are often targeted by countercampaigns.ObjectiveUsing reactance theory as the theoretical framework, this research characterizes the nature of public response to tobacco prevention messages disseminated via a social media–based campaign. We also examine whether agreement with the prevention messages is associated with comment tone and nature of the contribution to the overall discussion.MethodsUser comments to tobacco prevention messages, posted between April 19, 2017 and July 12, 2017, were extracted from Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Two coders categorized comments in terms of tone, agreement with message, nature of contribution, mentions of government agency and regulation, promotional or spam comments, and format of comment. Chi-square analyses tested associations between agreement with the message and tone of the public response and the nature of contributions to the discussions.ResultsOf the 1242 comments received (Twitter: n=1004; Facebook: n=176; Instagram: n=62), many comments used a negative tone (42.75%) and disagreed with the health messages (39.77%), while the majority made healthy contributions to the discussions (84.38%). Only 0.56% of messages mentioned government agencies, and only 0.48% of the comments were antiregulation. Comments employing a positive tone (84.13%) or making healthy contributions (69.11%) were more likely to agree with the campaign messages (P=0.01). Comments employing a negative tone (71.25%) or making toxic contributions (36.26%) generally disagreed with the messages (P=0.01).ConclusionsThe majority of user comments in response to a tobacco prevention campaign made healthy contributions. Our findings encourage the use of social media to promote dialogue about controversial health topics such as smoking. However, toxicity was characteristic of comments that disagreed with the health messages. Managing negative and toxic comments on social media is a crucial issue for social media–based tobacco prevention campaigns to consider.

Ethical implications with social media (Facebook) advertising in Egypt

The purpose of this paper is to study the significance of ethical issues in social media (Facebook) advertising, and to examine the issue of advertising ethics in social media ads, the study will depend on a questionnaire as a collective tool will be applied on 201 consumers of social media users who bought products through Facebook.The study concluded that Facebook is becoming a daily routine habit now a days. It is clear from the survey statistics that the majority which is 51% spends 1-3 hours on Facebook daily and 16.1% of participants spend 4-6 hours daily on Facebook.Talking about the importance of the influencers, it was preferred by 60.6% of the respondents. The point is that it creates brand familiarity in just minutes of the video or by the post posted by the influencers. Concerning how confident are they when they leave their personal contacts and information when buying online products, 37.5% were moderately confident, 17.9% not at all confident.

Kompetencje medialne – próba pomiaru

W artykule naświetlono zagadnienia diagnozy (assessment) i pomiaru (measurment) kompetencji medialnych. Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań było uchwycenie poziomu wiedzy młodzieży na temat mediów. Próbowano określić wpływ wydarzenia edukacyjnego, jakim jest Olimpiada Wiedzy o Mediach, na poziom kompetencji medialnych. Zidentyfikowano również główne obszary realnych potrzeb edukacyjnych w tym zakresie. Metody badań: w tym celu dokonano walidacji miar kompetencji medialnych Setha Ashleya i współpracowników (2013) oraz Melissy Tully i Emily Vragi (2015) na gruncie polskim. Zweryfikowano także dodatkowe wskaźniki związane z postawami wobec wiedzy medialnej i wybranych zagadnień medialnych; w tym celu przeprowadzono dwa badania ankietowe – na próbie lubelskich uczestników Olimpiady Wiedzy o Mediach oraz wśród pozostałych uczniów klas III wybranych lubelskich szkół ponadpodstawowych. Na przykładzie obu grup (132 respondentów) wykazano, że kompetencje medialne są wielowymiarową konstrukcją, a niektóre wskaźniki korelują z wiedzą i postawami wobec mediów. Wyniki testu wiedzy wskazały, że faktyczna wiedza młodzieży dotycząca oddziaływania mediów jest niższa niż jej samoocena w tym zakresie. Natomiast postawy wobec edukacji medialnej okazały się ambiwalentne. Ani uczestnictwo w Olimpiadzie Wiedzy o Mediach, ani subiektywna ocena własnych kompetencji nie miały wpływu na różnice w zakresie wiedzy o mediach i w postawach wobec edukacji medialnej. Wyniki wskazały natomiast na znaczącą rolę edukacji pozaformalnej, zarówno rozmów o mediach w domu rodzinnym, jak i doświadczeń związanych z dodatkowymi zajęciami medialnymi realizowanymi w szkole.

Sexting and mandatory reporting: ethical issues in youth psychotherapy

ABSTRACT Engaging in sexting, such as sending or receiving of sexual words, pictures, or videos via technology, is a common behavior in minors and a rising trend. This study aimed to understand the ethical dilemmas that clinicians face when working with minors that engage in sexting under current mandated reporting standards. For this study, 178 graduate students and licensed clinicians who work with minors in the state of California completed an online survey involving vignettes concerning issues of sexting behaviors in adolescents. Participants were asked to read each vignette and answer a series of questions regarding their knowledge and attitudes related to the presented issue and whether or not they would breach confidentiality in each case. Results indicated that participants, who had undergone specific training in issues of social media and technology, were significantly more likely to have more declarative knowledge of mandated reporting requirements (p < .05), however, their reporting behavior was not significantly different from those, who had not previously had any training. Younger clinicians tended to report less than older clinicians. This study highlights the discrepancy that exists between the knowledge of mandated reporting standards relevant to sexting behaviors and clinicians’ reporting practice.

Ethnic Media and Multi-Dimensional Identity: Pacific Audiences’ Connections With Māori Media

AbstractThis article explores issues of identity, hybridity, and media in an Aotearoa/New Zealand context by analyzing Pacific audiences’ affinity for and use of indigenous Māori media. It makes the case for broadening ethnic categorizations in media practice and scholarship to better account for multi-ethnic audiences’ identities and practices. And, by exploring Pacific audiences’ talk about a shared “Brown” identity, it suggests that Pacific peoples, particularly New Zealand-born youth, resort to a racialized “Brown” identity as a way to connect to multiple others in the New Zealand context—using Māori media as a “third space” of identity negotiation to do so. Finally, it argues for more overtly situated and localized research and theory-building to further tease out the uniquely South Pacific elements of these emergent identity practices.

Environmental Journalists Perspective on the Coverage of Environmental Issues in Media of Pakistan

Pakistan is facing serious environmental issues which is becoming a risk for the citizens of the country. This study is designed to focus on the Environmental journalist’s perspective on the coverage of environmental issues in the Media of Pakistan. Survey research method was used and a structured questionnaire was distributed to collect data from environmental journalists in Pakistan. A non-probability sampling method, snow ball sampling was applied to collect data from the journalists on the specified issues. The questionnaire was sent to 20 journalists covering environmental beats, in which 18 responded. All major issues prevailing in the context of environment (globally/locally) were incorporated in the questionnaire. The results showed that, according to the environmental journalists, the coverage of environmental issues in the media of Pakistan is not satisfactory, even considerable low, print and electronic media were the only major channel of communications that covered environmental issues, while these issues have significance and also audiences have some sort of interest in these issues, but journalists noted that there is no such options to highlight in the media due to some major reasons except a little coverage in the media.

Detection of Potential Controversial Issues for Social Sustainability: Case of Green Energy

More and more people are involved in sustainability-related activities through social network to support/protect their idea or motivation for sustainable development. Understanding the variety of issues of social pulsation is crucial in development of social sustainability. However, issues in social media generally change overtime. Issues not identified in advance may soon become popular topics discussed in society, particularly controversial issues. Previous studies have focused on the detection of hot topics and discussion of controversial issues, rather than the identification of potential controversial issues, which truly require paying attention to social sustainability. Furthermore, previous studies have focused on issue detection and tracking based on historical data. However, not all controversial issues are related to historical data to foster the cases. To avoid the above-mentioned research gap, Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in issue detection in the early stage. In this study, an AI-based solution approach is proposed to resolve two practical problems in social media: (1) the impact caused by the number of fan pages from Facebook and (2) awareness of the levels for an issue. The proposed solution approach to detect potential issues is based on the popularity of public opinion in social media using a Web crawler to collect daily posts related to issues in social media under a big data environment. Some analytical findings are carried out via the congregational rules proposed in this research, and the solution approach detects the attentive subjects in the early stages. A comparison of the proposed method to the traditional methods are illustrated in the domain of green energy. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed approach is accurate and effective and therefore it provides significant contribution to upsurge green energy deployment.

Suggested Conceptualizing Media and Educational Arrangements Counter-terrorism in Saudi Arabia according to the Light of Future Trends: تَصَوُّر مُقْترَح للتَدَابِير الإعلامية والتربوية لمكافحة الجرائم الإرهابية بالمملكة العربية السعودية في ضوء التوجهات المستقبلية

The current study aimed at developing suggested conceptualizing of media and educational arrangements to counter terrorist crimes in Saudi Arabia. This study used the descriptive, inductive and deductive approaches. The important findings of this study: There is a shortage in the media and educational arrangements to counter terrorist crimes. The important challenges and problems facing media and educational arrangements to counter terrorist crimes are: overlapping factors and conditions that relate to terrorism, international cooperation to counter-terrorism and state sovereignty, integrity of international cooperation objectives, national unity and international security, the citizen's freedoms and rights, measuring economic costs of terrorist crimes, global terrorism, the ideology of media and digital terrorism, continuously of terrorist acts. Finally, suggested conceptualizing of media and educational arrangements to counter terrorist crimes in Saudi Arabia: its philosophy, foundations, and requirements and mechanisms. The most important recommendations of this study are: The need to treat terrorism as primarily an educational and media issue, the importance of creating a unified national vision, strategy, standards and qualified national cadres in the fields of media and education to counter-terrorism. * تم تمويل هذه الدراسة برعاية عمادة البحث العلمي، جامعة الطائف، المملكة العربية السعودية رقم المشروع البحثي (6066- 439- 1) والباحثون يتقدمون بأسمى آيات الشكر والتقدير للجامعة على هذا الدعم الإداري والفني.

Editorial and Critical Reflections on the future of identity moments and social media in China and beyond

This Special Issue of Global Media and China responds in part to Stuart Hall’s famous 1996 invocation, ‘Who needs identity?’ – to study ‘specific enunciative strategies’ utilized within ‘specific modalities of power’ so as to consider identity discourses of the present and of the future. This issue draws upon empirical observations presented and debated at the 2019 Chinese Internet Research Conference held in Singapore in May 2019, as well as theoretical contributions in identity politics and social media, the chosen site or ‘modality of power’. This editorial and critical essay reflects upon, complemented and supported by the papers in this issue, the critical and conceptual frameworks that are emerging to critique the global and local complexities, diversity and dynamics resulting from the deeper integration of social media into the everyday lives of Chinese Internet users. It presents an overview of the 2019 Chinese Internet Research Conference proceedings in terms of how social media is used to wrap personal politics into a widening range of identity groupings around gender, class, citizens, pop culture and religion in ways that signal the future of newer forms of identity politics among Internet users in China. Since social media posts and exchanges, while geographically sourced and situated, often transcend their boundaries, the arguments presented here goes beyond China and are global. The shareability of identity mediated by individual, state and public discourses on social and ‘anti-social’ media during the COVID-19 pandemic within China, Singapore and Australia leads to novel ways of understanding identity politics in globalizing China and strategic uses of Chinese identity.

Hate Speech and the Polarization of Japanese National Newspapers

AbstractIn 2016, the first anti-hate speech law in Japan was introduced against the backdrop of verbal attacks on ethnic Koreans who were targeted with particular force by radical right organizations in the early 21st century. We argue that while the role of social media in the proliferation of hate speech in Japan has received considerable attention, the coverage of hate speech and related issues in mainstream news media has not been sufficiently studied. This article offers an interdisciplinary analysis, grounded in media studies and in linguistics, of the positions of five national newspapers in public discourse about hate speech, discussed as a current issue in Japan from 2016 until mid-2018. We combine agenda-setting theory with discourse analysis of factual reporting in order to evaluate the Japanese media landscape, which, when scrutinized through the lens of the hate speech issue, reveals ideological polarization.

Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik, Motivasi Ekstrinsik dan Komitmen Pelayanan Tenaga Kesehatan Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan BPJS Kesehatan

The author of this paper aims to increase the delivery of health workers in private hospitals in serving patients using BPJS health. As for the background of this writing because now BPJS patients' views on health services are not good especially in private hospitals, marked by the issue of electronic media issues about public complaints that there are differences in health services provided by public hospitals compared to BPJS patients where parties public hospitals prioritize public patients more than patients participating in the health BPJS. This research is a quantitative study conducted through surveys and questionnaires. In this study involved 90 respondents in 9 private hospitals which are service providers in collaboration with BPJS in Kebumen Regency. For intrinsic motivation variable of 2,292 is greater than t table 1,198 with a significance value of 0.024 &lt;0.05 so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. the t value for the extrinsic motivation variable is 0.029 smaller than t table 1.198 with a significance value of 0.977&gt; 0.05 so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. t value for the commitment variable of 2.470 is greater than t table 1.198 with a significance value of 0.015 &lt;0.05 so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. The results obtained are intrinsic motivation influencing the quality of labor services in private hospitals. So if the motivation of medical personnel services increases, the quality of services provided will increase. Extrinsic motivation does not affect the quality of labor services in private hospitals. So if the extrinsic motivation of medical personnel services increases / decreases, it cannot stimulate the quality of services provided. Commitment affects the quality of labor services in private hospitals. So if the commitment of medical personnel services increases, the quality of services provided increases. Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and commitment together affect the quality of labor services in private hospitals. So that the motivation of medical personnel services can stimulate the quality of services provided.

Called Al-Qur’an Digital Perspective; Answer To Raising Hoax In Era Of Disruption

Disruption provides a myriad of benefits to people's lives. However, on the other hand it cannot be denied that the era of disruption has brought quite dangerous obstacles. Due to the lack of a person's moral standing in responding to the era of disruption, resulting in various problems arise. One of the big problems born in the era of disruption is the phenomenon of hoaxes. Hoax is triggered by a lack of attention to ethics in communicating with high social media user numbers. The use of this research writing method takes the form of a conceptual framework and is qualitative in nature. Some literature and observations taken from several media issues related to hoax news as data retrieval, and using a phenomenological analysis approach. This paper produces a digital piety concept that can be implemented through tabayyun attitude Qs review. al-H{ujura&gt;t verses 6-8, politeness in language review Qs. T{aha&gt; verse 44, and local wisdom in the language review Qs. al-Hujurat verse 12 obtained from the study of the contents of the Qur'an.

Pursuit to Post: Ethical issues of social media use by international medical volunteers.

Medical volunteers from high-income countries seek short-term global health experiences in low- and middle-income countries to learn and practice medicine, complete service-learning projects, conduct research, and burnish their curricula vitae. The uniqueness and poignancy of these global health experiences frequently compel medical volunteers to not only capture visual reminders of their experience but to share them online through social media. Prioritizing image creation and sharing, which center on the volunteer's priorities over patient-centered priorities, risks failing to acknowledge the ethical issues inherent in power imbalances between the medical volunteers, patients, hosts, organizational partners and others, and bypasses the values of the host community. Using social media as an example of an emerging ethical challenge in the context of short-term experiences in global health, the authors examine potential consequences for patients, host communities, and international partnerships and discuss important pre-posting considerations.

Enabling Postmedia: Economists as the “Rock Stars” of Canadian Competition Law

Background Canada is suffering a crisis in local news largely attributable to regulatory failure. Its largest newspaper chain, Postmedia Network, took over the second-largest chain in late 2014, and in early 2016 it merged the newsrooms at its duplicate dailies in four of Canada’s six largest cities. Parliamentary hearings on local media ensued, and a mid-2017 report recommended, among other things, changes to the Competition Actto more effectively deal with news media mergers and takeovers. Analysis The Competition Bureau is dominated by economists who may lack sufficient grounding in media issues to effectively deal with mergers and takeovers in news industries. Conclusion and implications Reform of the country’s Competition Act, which has been called for by successive federal media inquiries, is more urgently required than ever.