Medium Of Information Transmission Research Articles

Trust in Cross-Cultural Research

The complexity of social relations in ethnographic fieldwork makes us rightly wonder how do we come to see what is ethical or not? Trust in cross-cultural research works well to explore this issue. I will compare two different treatments of the same linguistic practice from interaction with my main informant, an Asian in East-Africa, and argue that it is important to see the action-orientation of utterances designed to achieve particular interactional ends. Failure to do so may result in analytic claims based on incomplete understanding of data. Treating the informant's utterances as a passive medium for transmission of information, makes us vulnerable to the non-western criticism of western research in non-western contexts. Rather, the action orientation offers an alternative way that makes us see talk as designed to perform sequentially relevant actions. This approach safeguards us against premature interpretations of trust in cross-cultural research practice.

Design and implementation of on-line hot topic discovery model

Internet has become a major medium for information transmission, how to detect hot topic on web, track the event development and forecast emergency is important to many fields, particularly to some government departments. On the basis of the researches in the field of topic detection and tracking, we propose a model for hot topic discovery that will pick out hot topics by automatically detecting, clustering and weighting topics on the websites within a time period. Based on the idea of stock index, we also introduce a topic index approach in following the growth of topics, which is useful to analyze and forecast the development of topics on web.

Reliability of Data Allocation on a Centralized Service Configuration with Distributed Servers

This paper presents a stochastic model to evaluate the reliability and availability of a network service configuration consisting of a centralized database server and two distributed database server sets for a local/metropolitan area network. The centralized server monitors and controls the distributed database servers, which can be remotely separated from each other and from the center by almost any distance depending on the means of information transmission media between the center and the distributed servers. Using exponential time to failure and time to repair distributions for each of the database servers, exact numerical solutions are obtained for the steady state service reliability and availability measures. The results are then compared to approximate steady state numerical solutions for the general Weibull distribution case under different initial conditions. Finally, the model is extended to the case of three distributed database server sets. The reliability and availability study of such configurations has many applications in widely used internet services, mission-critical business fault tolerant systems, and automated manufacturing and service industries. A decision tool for the computer center manager to assess an upgrade to a three distributed database system from a two database system is also presented.

Audiology Telepractice Moves From Theory to Treatment

Audiology Telepractice Moves From Theory to Treatment

Extraction of machining features for CAD/CAM integration

Feature-based CAD/CAM integration is a technology used to realise automatic transmission and conversion of component information among CAD, CAPP and CAM applications. A feature is the medium of information transmission in the integration. Since a process planning downstream application has a different viewpoint from the component designer, feature conversion or feature extraction methodology is used to create a machining feature model based on the design feature model. One of the major difficulties in generating machining features is the preservation of feature integrity because of feature interactivity. The most current research, therefore, focuses on the planar-type form feature conversion. This paper discusses the problem of feature interactivity and proposes a feature-based approach to generating hole-series machining features from a design feature model. Hole-series features are important machining features for gearbox components used in machine tools. These kinds of features cannot be obtained directly from a design feature database. A constraint-based method is developed in this paper to define a hole-series feature model based on the geometric and topological information extracted from the design database. In addition, a STEP file is generated to interface the converted machining feature model with the downstream CAPP application. The implemented feature conversion system is verified by considering its application to some component examples and the developed prototype CAPP system.

VisionMark: A media linking method creating synergy of information transmission media and the Internet

Abstract“VisionMark” is a media linking method for accessing Web content related to information transmission media such as broadcasts or publications. It displays objects called “VisionMarks” that indicate Web content linked to the information transmission medium being viewed by the user. Users can use VisionMarks to refer to the linked Web content, and can store or send VisionMarks to other users. This allows users to easily make the best use of Web‐content‐linked information transmission media. We show how to implement an Internet application linking information transmission media with Web content by using VisionMarks. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(6): 20–30, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10606

Connecting at the speed of light

Light has a clear advantage over electronics as the medium of ultrafast information transmission. Optical fibers are used extensively in long-distance telecommunications applications and are making a strong showing in local-area networks. Board-to-board interconnects for terrabit data rates are just over the horizon. These technologies will see their full potential only when active, all-optical switches and logic can be coupled to present-day passive technologies. The key ingredient of the new systems will be the availability of nonlinear optical materials that meet active device needs. In this paper, material performance is shown to depend intimately on quantum mechanics, which sets fundamental limits on the nonlinear-optical response. While today's materials are already good enough to make devices, an understanding of the underlying quantum mechanics of how a material interacts with light can lead to even better materials.

Effects of Surrounding Information and Line Length on Text Comprehension from the Web

The World Wide Web (Web) is becoming a popular medium for transmission of information and online learning. We need to understand how people comprehend information from the Web to design Web sites that maximize the acquisition of information. We examined two features of Web page design that are easily modified by developers, namely line length and the amount of surrounding information, or whitespace. Undergraduate university student participants read text and answered comprehension questions on the Web. Comprehension was affected by whitespace; participants had better comprehension for information surrounded by whitespace than for information surrounded by meaningless information. Participants were not affected by line length. These findings demonstrate that reading from the Web is not the same as reading print and have implications for instructional Web design.

Demand side management — The role of the power utility

“Demand side management (DSM) is the deliberate influence of customer appliance selection and energy use patterns to achieve a desired impact or load shape consistent with company goals” (EPRI). Demand side management has two aspects: develop efficient utilization for electricity, (less electricity for each utilization), and take measures to encourage the customer to help flattening the load curve. The tariff policy conducted by the EDF towards the large customers connected to the high voltage and to the medium voltage networks is already very efficienty in flattening the load curve. This paper stresses a particular aspect of DSM: in the actions taken to extend this DSM policy to domestic customers, the same approach based on tariff incentives will be used. In the near future the domestic customer will have the possibility of choosing tarrifs which reflect the variations of the cost of electricity through the day and through the year. To be efficient this policy must rely on the development of products, which make energy management a very easy job for the customer. This is the reason why EDF is involved in the development of home automation technology. This technology will allow low cost communication between the customer meter and different systems in the home (like heating, lighting, domestic appliances). It will also allow the development of services concerning, for instance, security (burglary, fire, water leakages etc.). One of the highest priorities is put on efficient carrier current transmission. It is a backbone of EDF's policy in this matter: it allows transmission of “real time” tariff information from the utility to the customer's meter. It is then one of the media for transmission of information from the meter to all the equipment in the home (with the advantage of requiring no installation). Besides these technical developments, experiments are done to test the acceptance of customers of these new tariffs and services. This DSM policy, based on new technology, and on early testing of services with customers, will allow further improvement in the load curve, to the benefit of the customer and of the utility.

Chaotic synchronization and modulation of nonlinear time-delayed feedback optical systems

We present a special chaos synchronization system based on coupled time-delayed feedback optical systems. As far as we know, this paper reports for the first time simulations of synchronization in such optical circuits. The unsolved problem of the channel in communication applications of chaos synchronization for electronic systems make the optical systems very attractive. The quasi-infinite bandwidth, very low attenuation and practically noiseless characteristic of single mode fiber, used as information transmission medium, are the three main advantages of our system. We show by simulations that synchronization is effective, use a chaos shift keying modulation/demodulation scheme for binary information transmission and present some estimation of the bit rate in a such system. >

Autonomous grasp control of link mechanism by vibrating potential method

Living creatures differ from machines in that they have no pre-fixed objective function. These basic processing elements (creatures or cells) are influenced by their objective functions and change their properties based upon this influence. This recursive structure is the basis of living creatures' autonomous behavior. This paper aims at the development of a new control method based on a decentralized management approach to describing a mathematical model of autonomous machines, called the vibrating potential method (VPM). In the VPM, the system consists of a group of units, and the objective functions of the elementary units are combined so that they become the objective function of the system. A field is employed as the medium for information transmission; its application to the problem of grasping free-form objects is discussed.

The Advent of Printing in Current Historical Literature: Notes and Comments on an Elusive Transformation

IN late fifteenth century, book production moved from scriptoria to printers' workshops. This shift, which revolutionized all forms of learning, was particularly important for historical scholarship. Ever since then, historians have been indebted to Gutenberg's invention; print enters their work from start to finish, from consulting card files to reading page proofs. Because historians are usually eager to investigate major changes and this change transformed conditions of their own craft, one would expect shift to attract much attention from profession as a whole. A recent survey of varied studies shows contrary to be true. It is symbolic that Clio has retained her handwritten scroll. So little has been made of move into new workshops, that, after five hundred years, muse of history still remains outside. History bears witness to cataclysmic effect on society of inventions of new media for transmission of information among persons. The development of writing and later development of printing are examples. . . .' In so far as flesh-and-blood historians who turn out articles and books actually bear witness to what happened in past, effect on society of development of printing, far from appearing cataclysmic, is remarkably inconspicuous. Many studies of developments during last five centuries say nothing about it at all. Those who do touch on topic usually agree that use of invention had far-reaching effects. Francis Bacon's aphorism suggesting that it changed the appearance and state of whole world is cited repeatedly and with approbation. But although many scholars concur with Bacon's opinion, few have tried to follow his advice and take note of force, effect, and consequences of Gutenberg's invention. Much attention is paid to developments that paved