Media Devices Research Articles

A Latent Profile Analysis of Problematic Media Device Use and Its Association With Executive Function and Behavioral Problem Among Children: A Population-Based Study.

ObjectiveDespite the rapid increase in problematic media device use, relatively little is known about specific characteristics and extent of problematic media device and how they relate to different psychological features. MethodsData extracted from the Panel Korea Study for the Child Cohort Study were used. At the age of 9 years, media device addiction severity was assessed using the K-scale, and children’s behavioral outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Among children with problematic media device use (n=339), we performed latent profile analysis using the K-scale to identify subtypes of problematic media device use, and then compared the child behavioral problems and executive function according to the different subtypes of problematic media device use. ResultsChildren with problematic media device use were divided into class 1 (n=51), class 2 (n=138), and class 3 (n=150). Compared with classes 2 and 3, class 1 had more severe problematic media device use, including daily activity disturbance, withdrawal, and tolerance. Class 1 had the most serious behavioral problems and executive function difficulties among classes. Class 2 had greater daily activity disturbance and tolerance than those of class 3, but executive function showed no significant difference between the two classes. In logistic regression analysis, behavioral problems except for somatization were more common in class 1 than in the control group. ConclusionResults suggest that problematic media device use is associated with significant behavioral problem and executive function difficulties and underscore the need for further clinical and research attention for these specific subgroup members.

Structural Relationship among Children’s Academic Stress, Grit, Executive Function Difficulty, and Media Device Addiction

This study examined the structural relationship between children’s academic stress, grit, executive function difficulty, and media device addiction. Data on 1,132 children and their mothers from the 11<sup>th</sup> (2018)Panel Study on Korean Children were used for the study. Data were collected by Academic Stress Scale, Grit Scale-Children, Child-Adolescent Self-reported Executive Function Difficulty Screening Questionnaire, and K-Internet Addiction Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 program with Pearson correlation, structural equation model and bootstrapping. The main results were as follows. 1) Children’s academic stress had a negative influence on their grit. 2) Children’s grit had a negative influence on their executive function difficulty and media device addiction. 3) Children’s executive function difficulty had a positive influence on their media device addiction. 4) The relationship between children’s academic stress and media device addiction was mediated by their grit and executive function difficulty. This study is significant in the sense that it found protective factors and risk factors for children’s addiction to media devices. We suggest that children’s grit be improved, and their academic stress and executive function difficulty be reduced to prevent and mediate children’s media device addiction.

Mothers’ Work-Family Conflict and School-Age Children’s Executive Function Difficulty: Mother-Child Interaction and Children’s Media Device Dependency as Sequential Mediators

Mothers’ Work-Family Conflict and School-Age Children’s Executive Function Difficulty: Mother-Child Interaction and Children’s Media Device Dependency as Sequential Mediators

Social media use to improve communication on children and adolescent\u2019s health: the role of the Italian Paediatric Society influencers

BackgroundFake news on children’s and adolescent health are spreading. Internet availability and decreasing costs of media devices are contributing to an easy access to technology by families. Public health organizations are working to contrast misinformation and promote scientific communication. In this context, a new form of communication is emerging social media influencers. Aim of this study is to evaluate the role of paediatric influencers (PI) in communicating information about children and adolescents’ health.Materials and methodsA group of PI was enrolled from December 2019 to January 2020 by a scientific commission nominated by the Italian Paediatric Society (SIP). PI were asked to share Facebook messages from the official page of the SIP to their own network. Social media tools have been evaluated across 12 months, from July 28, 2019, to July 11, 2020. For the purposes of clarity, we schematically divided the study period as follows: the period of PIs activity (January 6, 2020, to July 11, 2020) and the period when PIs were not yet active (July 28, 2019, to January 4, 2020). Information on Facebook page (lifetime total likes, daily new likes, daily page engaged, daily total reach) and on published post (lifetime post total reach, lifetime post organic reach, lifetime engaged users) were evaluated.ResultsA significant increase in Facebook daily new likes, page engagement and total reach, as well as in lifetime post total and organic reach was evidenced. As for PI, they reported a positive experience in most cases.DiscussionIn the digital era, communication strategies are becoming more important, so that the scientific community has to be actively involved in social media communication. Our pilot study demonstrated that the recruitment of paediatric influencers has increased communication and interaction of the SIP Facebook page.ConclusionOur study shows the potential role of influencers: spreading health messages via PI seems to be a successful strategy to promote correct communication about children’s and adolescents’ health.

Family mediation of preschool children’s digital media practices at home

ABSTRACT Although much parental mediation literature discusses restrictive mediation, less nuanced consideration has been given to the diverse nature of positive or instructional active mediation. The present study suggests family mediation of preschool children’s digital media practices at home includes a more diverse range of positive or instructional strategies than previously acknowledged. Two novel mediation practices are identified. ‘Extending’ refers to family members drawing on a child’s media interests to engage them in new (media or non-media) activities. ‘Relating’ refers to family members drawing a child’s attention to a connection between their media or non-media interests and something else (digital or non-digital). The study highlights that family members are often unaware of the extent to which they support children in developing competencies in relation to media texts and devices. Findings are based on rigorous analysis of ethnographic video observation and interview data generated in a qualitative study in the United Kingdom.

Monitoring and Analysis of SMPTE ST 2059-2 PTP Networks and Media Devices

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">As All-IP studios leveraging the SMPTE ST 2110 document suite gain traction, one of the fundamental pillars upon which such systems rely is an accurate and reliable time transfer protocol. SMPTE ST 2059 standardized such a model based on the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP). Every element, whether it be network or media devices, impacts the overall time transfer accuracy. This impacts the timing of the ST 2110 media streams that are generated or received by the media nodes. While PTP does provide fault tolerance capabilities, performance degradation of time transfer is not always well understood. This can significantly impact operations in live networks, it being due to a sudden event or a degradation over time. Therefore, an overarching view of the end-to-end timing system including backup, standby, and network devices is required. Monitoring of such capabilities should be common to all devices, whenever possible, including different means to verify in-band and out-of-band measurements as to how devices are performing, with respect to time transfer. Combined with historical archiving of the monitored data, this provides the framework for tracking and correlating possible events. This paper describes the different monitoring capabilities, their advantages and weaknesses, and the value they provide to the monitored datasets. It further focuses on the means to make the process uniform across all monitored devices to ensure consistency in the collected data. Finally, we discuss the ongoing efforts in SMPTE and other standardization bodies around PTP monitoring, the common trends, expected outcomes, and how these will contribute to streamlining time transfer monitoring, supervision, and analysis</i> .

Eyestrain and associated problems among undergraduate medical students undergoing e-learning/teaching methods during Covid-19 pandemic

Increase in usage of digital devices and mandatory e-learning imposed during the Covid 19 pandemic curfew may have given rise to an emerging public health threat of digital eyestrain among undergraduate medical students in the state. The study aimed to assess the distribution of digital eyestrain among undergraduate medical students and to determine the association between digital eyestrain and screen time spent on different digital devices for e-learning and social media use.A cross sectional, questionnaire based online study was done on undergraduate medical students of a teaching hospital in Central Kerala during the month of October, 2020. Survey form included CVS-Q questionnaire, OSDI questionnaire and questions regarding screen time spent on different digital devices for e-learning and social media use.Around three -fourth of the 113 participants experienced at least one symptom of digital eyestrain. Headache (76.1%) was the most common symptom followed by neck/shoulder/back pain (67.3%), tearing(49.6%), itching(48.7%), eye pain (41.6%) and increased sensitivity to light (38.1%).OSDI score revealed that 67.7% of the students had dry eye disease. Screen time of more than 6 hours spent on mobile/tablet was significantly associated with feeling of foreign body sensation, excessive blinking and itching. Lens /spectacle use was significantly associated with a feeling that eyesight is worsening and difficulty focusing for near vision. No association was seen between screen time spent for e- learning and digital eyestrain. Steps towards awareness and prevention of digital eyestrain should be taken to promote ocular health and to avoid this occupational hazard.

Challenges and barriers to Austrian early childhood educators' participation in online professional development programmes

AbstractOnline professional development programmes have a long tradition in adult education. However, in early childhood education, such programmes are only just beginning to be developed. Before online professional development courses can be made inclusive, accessible and widely available to early childhood educators, they must meet a few basic requirements. The present study provides insights into essential aspects that need to be considered when setting up online professional development programmes, a field which is still in its infancy in Austria. The results of a representative survey (n = 317) demonstrated that early childhood educators' digital competencies are highly variable and cannot be taken for granted. The survey results also stress the need to provide educators with functional digital devices appropriate to their work environment. Early childhood educators' interest in online professional development programmes is very high, in recognition of the advantages afforded by flexible participation options independent of users' time constraints or location. The development of attractive, compelling and accessible online professional development courses can contribute to current professionalisation efforts in the field of early childhood education. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Online professional development has already a very long tradition in the field of adult vocational training but not in Early Childhood Education. The possibility of attending online professional development programmes independent of a participant's time constraints or location is viewed as a particularly beneficial advantage. Online professional development programmes positively affect the professionalisation of educators. For this reason, they must increasingly be integrated into the field of early childhood education. What this paper adds In the field of early childhood education in German‐speaking regions, online professional development training courses are only beginning to be developed. This paper examines the challenges and barriers for early childhood educators associated with implementing online professional development programmes for early childhood educators. The survey was conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic and includes current data on the ongoing digitalisation boom. Implications for practise and/or policy Online professional development courses should not be understood as competition for conventional face‐to‐face programmes. Instead, they act as a useful supplement. Media competencies are a fundamental prerequisite for everyday professional life—early childhood educators need functional media devices, stable internet connections, and support structures in IT and computer literacy. Early childhood educators require effective instruction in using online professional development programmes to expand online professional development programmes in their field. They must also address compelling topics in early childhood education relevant to educators' practise.

Associations of Health-Related Conversations and Mealtime Media Device Use Among Parent-Adolescent Dyads

Abstract Objectives To determine how health-related conversations between parents and their adolescent children is associated with mealtime media device use by adolescents. Methods A sample of primarily Hispanic parents (n = 347; 43 ± 6.5 years; 89.3% female) of 6th, 7th or 8th grade adolescents enrolled in a parenting intervention focusing on the promotion of healthy nutrition and substance use prevention. Parents completed baseline surveys to self-report the frequency with which they had health-related conversations with their adolescent child (healthy eating, being physically active, adolescent's weight, adolescent weighing too much, eating differently to lose weight, exercising to lose weight), and the frequency with which the adolescent used media devices during mealtimes (television and movie watching, cellphone use or texting, handheld gaming devices, listening to music with headphones). Spearman's rank correlations were used to assess the associations between health-related communication and mealtime media device use. Results Reported conversations about healthy eating, being physically active, and general weight of the adolescent were not associated with reported use of media devices by adolescents during mealtimes. Having conversations related to the adolescent weighing too much was positively and significantly correlated with television/movie watching (r = 0.219; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), talking on a cellphone (r = 0.130; P &amp;lt; 0.05), using gaming devices (r = 0.140; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and listening to music with headphones (r = 0.136; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Having conversations about exercising to lose weight was also significantly correlated with television/movie watching during mealtimes (r = 0.137; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions Findings suggest that higher frequency of weight-related conversation is associated with higher usage of media devices during mealtimes. Whether parenting practices, parental concerns about their children's weight, and the home mealtime environment play a role on adolescent weight status in Hispanic households warrants further investigation. Funding Sources National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities and Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as part of a Maternal Child Health Bureau Nutrition Training Grant.

PIH40 Screen-Based Media Use among Children and Adolescents: An Application of Unsupervised Topic Modeling

In the last several decades, screen-based media devices have become an integral part of the lives of children and adolescents for education, communication, and recreation. Yet, there’s a lack of a comprehensive list of areas covered by the literature on screen media use. This study provides a comprehensive summary of topics on screen media use among children and adolescents using machine learning algorithms.

Review Of "Facing" At The Beginning Of Notary Action For The General Meeting Of Shareholders (Gms) Electronicly

Article 77 of the Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT) states that the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) can be carried out under the hands or circularly or conducted in front of a Notary conducted electronically. In this regard, it will try to provide a new interpretation regarding facing the Notary Public not directly but through other media or other media (devices) that help electronically. Traditionally, facing the Notary Public is done and interpreted physically (face to face), namely Viewer sees the Notary and the Witness, then the Notary and the Witness see the Facilitator without other media. The meaning of facing like that has been done hundreds of years until now, with the existence of Article 77 of the Company Law, it is connected with Article 90 of the Company Law, namely if the GMS can be held before a Notary Public or before a Notary electronically. The substance of the article has changed the meaning of facing a notary public in the traditional (physical) sense. Henceforth, in the era of information technology, the meaning of facing must be adjusted to the current situation, which can be done electronically.

From screen time to the digital level of analysis: a scoping review of measures for digital media use in children and adolescents

ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to facilitate psychometric developments in the field of digital media usage and well-being in young people by (1) identifying core concepts in the area of “screen...

The possible effects of maternal electronic media device usage during pregnancy on children's sleep patterns.

In recent years, there has been increasing scientific evidence about potential health risks caused by electromagnetic fields because of electronic media devices. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the possible association between electronic media device usage during pregnancy and sleep patterns in children and the possible role of electronic media device presence in the sleeping environment on children's sleep disturbances. The study was carried out with 400 healthy children aged between 1 month and 5 years whose parents agreed to complete the questionnaire form. The questionnaire form consisted of questions about the history of prenatal and postnatal electromagnetic field exposure caused by electronic media devices and the presence of sleep disturbances in children. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows program. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sleep problems were more prevalent in children whose mothers lived near a base station during pregnancy (p<0.05). Sleep disorders were more frequent and sleep duration was shorter in children whose mothers used electronic devices (television, computer, mobile phone, wi-fi, microwave oven) during pregnancy (p<0.05). Sleep problems were also more common in children with electronic media devices in the sleeping environment during the night (p<0.05). Sleep disturbances were not associated with maternal consumption of tobacco or alcohol or history of disease during pregnancy (p>0.05). Our results highlight that exposure to electromagnetic fields caused by electronic media devices during the prenatal or postnatal period could be associated with sleep patterns in childhood. Considering the widespread use of electronic media devices, it may be an important public health problem given the long-term consequences of sleep disorders in childhood.

Home vs. bedroom media devices: socioeconomic disparities and association with childhood screen- and sleep-time

BackgroundThe literature has shown a widespread use of portable electronic devices among children over the last years. This study aimed to identify the availability of different media devices at home versus in children's bedroom according to the socioeconomic status (SES), and analyze the association between that availability and children's screen- and sleep-time on week and weekend days. MethodsData from 3 to 10 year-old children (n = 8430) from a cross-sectional study conducted in Portugal (2016/17) was used. Screen- and sleep-time, availability of media devices, father and mother education (as a proxy measured of SES) were assessed via questionnaire. ResultsAvailable devices at home were significantly more common among high-SES families; while media devices in the bedroom were more frequent in low-SES families (p < 0.001). In preschool and elementary school-aged children, media devices in the bedroom were associated with increase screen-time and shorter sleep per day. Also, mobile devices in the bedroom were shown to exert similar, or even more, influence on children's screen- and sleep-time as television. ConclusionsFurther research is needed to explore the pathways by which different electronic media negatively impacts on children's sleep and screen-time and to develop effective strategies to minimize device access at bedtime.

Online Distance Learning (ODL) Storytelling: Improving Attention, Activity Level and Related Behavior of Autism Pupil

Several researches confirmed the cognitive importance of digital storytelling in supporting learning. The study aimed to observe the behavioral changes of autism pupils specifically their attention, activity and other related behaviors through online distance storytelling. The participant of the study belong to the Online Distance Learning (ODL) Grade 6 class of a local elementary school. Descriptive research designed was used. In gathering the data the teacher rated the pupil before and after the storytelling in terms of the behavior being observed. A standardized Behavior Checklist was used a research instrument. In over one month of session of online storytelling, the pupil's behavior improve in terms of focus, level of action, and related actions. Based on the findings, storytelling delivered through ODL positively affect the behavior of the pupil. The consequence of these examinations show that the use of storytelling as a teaching and learning method modifies the behavior of autism pupil. The results further indicated that when learner is exposed to storytelling even in the online platform, they are most likely to engage themselves in the learning process and practice reflective learning as he processes information on a deeper, more meaningful level. Furthermore, the participant displayed evidence of transformational learning in terms of attention, activity level and related behavior. Presently with the development and openness of interactive media devices, the act of narrating as an advising device with kids can be extended using innovation.

Children and Adolescent’s Perception of Media Device Use Consequences

Media device (MD) use is increasing worldwide among children. Adolescents and young children spend a lot of time using MD, Internet, and social networks. The age of initial use is getting lower to 12 years old. The aim of this research is to study children’s use and perception of MD. The Italian Paediatric Society (SIP) conducted a Survey on Italian children in collaboration with Skuola.net using an online questionnaire. A total of 10,000 questionnaires were completed. Children admitted they spend more than 3 h (41%), more than 2 h (29%), more than 1 h (21%) and less than 1 h (9%) daily. Problematic MD use has been found with children using MD before sleeping (38%), during school (24%), and at wake up in the morning (21%). Addiction was documented in 14% of adolescents. Among the reported consequences, low academic outcomes, and reduced concentration (24%), neck and back pain (12%), insomnia (10%), and mood disturbances (7%) were referred. Adolescents may have a low perception of the risks related to excessive MD. The duration of time spent using media devices is a main risk factor. In this context, parents should strongly discourage excessive MD use, mainly during school, at bedtime, and wake-up. Additionally, parents should be informed and start conversations with their children on the potential negative effects of prolonged MD use.

The Influence of Social Support Perceived by Mothers on Media Device Dependency of Children in the Lower Grades of Elementary School: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Gain and Strain of Mothers’ Work-Family Reconciliation

The Influence of Social Support Perceived by Mothers on Media Device Dependency of Children in the Lower Grades of Elementary School: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Gain and Strain of Mothers’ Work-Family Reconciliation

The Structural Relationship among Self-Esteem, Media Device Addiction, School Adjustment and Children’s Happiness

The Structural Relationship among Self-Esteem, Media Device Addiction, School Adjustment and Children’s Happiness

Multifunctional Structured Platforms: From Patterning of Polymer-Based Films to Their Subsequent Filling with Various Nanomaterials.

There is an astonishing number of optoelectronic, photonic, biological, sensing, or storage media devices, just to name a few, that rely on a variety of extraordinary periodic surface relief miniaturized patterns fabricated on polymer-covered rigid or flexible substrates. Even more extraordinary is that these surface relief patterns can be further filled, in a more or less ordered fashion, with various functional nanomaterials and thus can lead to the realization of more complex structured architectures. These architectures can serve as multifunctional platforms for the design and the development of a multitude of novel, better performing nanotechnological applications. In this work, we aim to provide an extensive overview on how multifunctional structured platforms can be fabricated by outlining not only the main polymer patterning methodologies but also by emphasizing various deposition methods that can guide different structures of functional nanomaterials into periodic surface relief patterns. Our aim is to provide the readers with a toolbox of the most suitable patterning and deposition methodologies that could be easily identified and further combined when the fabrication of novel structured platforms exhibiting interesting properties is targeted.

A Study of Longitudinal Changes in Mother-Child Interaction and its Effect on Media Device Addiction

A Study of Longitudinal Changes in Mother-Child Interaction and its Effect on Media Device Addiction