Medium Components Research Articles

Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles from Ascaris lumbricoides antigen exposure enhance Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control, reduce IL-1β, and contain miR-342-5p, miR-516b-5p, and miR-570-3p that regulate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways

BackgroundHelminth coinfection with tuberculosis (TB) can alter the phenotype and function of macrophages, which are the major host cells responsible for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, it is not known whether helminth infection stimulates the release of host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to induce or maintain their regulatory network that suppresses TB immunity. We previously showed that pre-exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) with Ascaris lumbricoides protein antigens (ASC) results in reduced Mtb infection-driven proinflammation and gained bacterial control. This effect was entirely dependent on the presence of soluble components in the conditioned medium from helminth antigen-pre-exposed macrophages.MethodsOur objective was to investigate the role of EVs released from helminth antigen-exposed hMDMs on Mtb-induced proinflammation and its effect on Mtb growth in hMDMs. Conditioned medium from 48-h pre-exposure with ASC or Schistosoma mansoni antigen (SM) was used to isolate EVs by ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking assay, transmission electron microscopy, and a total of 377 microRNA (miRNA) from EVs screened by TaqMan array. Luciferase-expressing Mtb H37Rv was used to evaluate the impact of isolated EVs on Mtb growth control in hMDMs.ResultsEV characterization confirmed double-membraned EVs, with a mean size of 140 nm, expressing the classical exosome markers CD63, CD81, CD9, and flotillin-1. Specifically, EVs from the ASC conditioned medium increased the bacterial control in treatment-naïve hMDMs and attenuated Mtb-induced IL-1β at 5 days post-infection. Four miRNAs showed unique upregulation in response to ASC exposure in five donors. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were regulated. Among the mRNA targets, relevant for regulating inflammatory responses and cellular stress pathways, CREB1 and MAPK13 were identified. In contrast, SM exposure showed significant regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway with SMAD4 as a common target.ConclusionOverall, our findings suggest that miRNAs in EVs released from helminth-exposed macrophages regulate important signaling pathways that influence macrophage control of Mtb and reduce inflammation. Understanding these interactions between helminth-induced EVs, miRNAs, and macrophage responses may inform novel therapeutic strategies for TB management.

Cold Gas Subgrid Model (CGSM): A two-fluid framework for modeling unresolved cold gas in galaxy simulations

Abstract The cold (∼104 K) component of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) accounts for a significant fraction of all galactic baryons. However, using current galaxy-scale simulations to determine the origin and evolution of cold CGM gas poses a significant challenge, since it is computationally infeasible to directly simulate a galactic halo alongside the sub-pc scales that are crucial for understanding the interactions between cold CGM gas and the surrounding ‘hot’ medium. In this work, we introduce a new approach: the Cold Gas Subgrid Model (CGSM), which models unresolved cold gas as a second fluid in addition to the standard ‘normal’ gas fluid. The CGSM tracks the total mass density and bulk momentum of unresolved cold gas, deriving the properties of its unresolved cloudlets from the resolved gas phase. The interactions between the subgrid cold fluid and the resolved fluid are modeled by prescriptions from high-resolution simulations of ‘cloud crushing’ and thermal instability. Through a series of idealized tests, we demonstrate the CGSM’s ability to overcome the resolution limitations of traditional hydrodynamics simulations, successfully capturing the correct cold gas mass, its spatial distribution, and the timescales for cloud destruction and growth. We discuss the implications of using this model in cosmological simulations to more accurately represent the microphysics that govern the galactic baryon cycle.

Effect of media components on hyperhydricity in horticultural crops: A review

Effect of media components on hyperhydricity in horticultural crops: A review

Standardization of Assay Method of Urease Activity in Inceptisol

Urea is the most important nitrogen fertilizer widely used in crop production and its fate in soils is regulated largely by the soil enzyme urease. The use of precise assay method for urease is an important aspect in regulating activity of soil urease which is the most useful to improve use efficiency of urea, and minimize the problems related to use of urea. In this context, the present laboratory investigation was undertaken with the objective to standardize the assay media components of soil urease activity in Inceptisol of MPKV, Rahuri soils. The Typic Haplustept was selected as a representative of Inceptisol and used for present study of optimizing assay media components for in vivo assay method for measuring activity of urease from Inceptisol. All the assay components viz., substrate concentration (0.2 M), buffer strength (0.05 M), weight of soil (5 g), amount of toluene (0.2 ml) and incubation time (2 h) were found optimum as per Tabatabai and Bremner (1972) except THAM buffer pH. The THAM buffer with a pH 8.5 was found to be optimum for measuring the activity of urease from Inceptisol. The values of urease activity from the 2g weight of soil and 1 h incubation time also found statistically at par with values of 5 g weight of soil and 2 h incubation time, respectively. Hence, the use of 2 g soil and 1 h incubation time in assay procedure are also sufficient for measuring urease activity, if the soil sample size and time are limiting factors.

Gene editing technology combined with response surface optimization to improve the synthesis ability of lycopene in Pantoea dispersa MSC14.

The aim of this study is to engineer Pantoea dispersa MSC14 into a strain capable of producing lycopene and to enhance its lycopene content. Our laboratory isolated the strain P. dispersa MSC14 from petroleum-contaminated soil in a mining area. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the existence of a carotenoid synthesis pathway in this strain. This study employed an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system to perform a traceless gene knockout of the lycopene cyclase gene crtY and to overexpress the octahydrolycopene dehydrogenase gene crtI in the P. dispersa MSC14. This strategic genetic modification successfully constructed the lycopene-producing strain MSC14-LY, which exhibited a notable lycopene content with a biomass productivity of 553μg of lycopene per gram dry cell weight(DCW). Additionally, the components of the lycopene fermentation medium were optimized using Plackett-Burman (PB) design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The average lycopene content was increased to 5.13mg g -1DCW in the optimized LY fermentation medium. Through genetic engineering, P. dispersa MSC14 was transformed into a strain capable of producing lycopene, achieving a yield of 5.13mg g-1 DCW after medium optimization. Genetic engineering successfully transformed P. dispersa MSC14 into a strain capable of producing lycopene, achieving a yield of 5.13mg g-1 DCW after medium optimization.

Metabolic modelling as a powerful tool to identify critical components of Pneumocystis growth medium.

Establishing suitable in vitro culture conditions for microorganisms is crucial for dissecting their biology and empowering potential applications. However, a significant number of bacterial and fungal species, including Pneumocystis jirovecii, remain unculturable, hampering research efforts. P. jirovecii is a deadly pathogen of humans that causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals and transplant patients. Despite the major impact of Pneumocystis on human health, limited progress has been made in dissecting the pathobiology of this fungus. This is largely due to the fact that its experimental dissection has been constrained by the inability to culture the organism in vitro. We present a comprehensive in silico genome-scale metabolic model of Pneumocystis growth and metabolism, to identify metabolic requirements and imbalances that hinder growth in vitro. We utilise recently published genome data and available information in the literature as well as bioinformatics and software tools to develop and validate the model. In addition, we employ relaxed Flux Balance Analysis and Reinforcement Learning approaches to make predictions regarding metabolic fluxes and to identify critical components of the Pneumocystis growth medium. Our findings offer insights into the biology of Pneumocystis and provide a novel strategy to overcome the longstanding challenge of culturing this pathogen in vitro.

ISMGCC: Finding Gas Structures in Molecular Interstellar Medium Using Gaussian Decomposition and Graph Theory

Molecular line emissions are commonly used to trace the distribution and properties of molecular Interstellar Medium. However, the emissions are heavily blended on the Galactic disk toward the inner Galaxy because of the relatively large line widths and the velocity overlaps of spiral arms. Structure identification methods based on voxel connectivity in Position-Position-Velocity (PPV) data cubes often produce unrealistically large structures, which is the “over-linking” problem. Therefore, identifying molecular cloud structures in these directions is not trivial. We propose a new method based on Gaussian decomposition and graph theory to solve the over-linking problem, named InterStellar Medium Gaussian Component Clustering (ISMGCC). Using the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) 13CO(1–0) data in the range of 13.°5 ≤ l ≤ 14.°5, ∣b∣ ≤ 0.°5, and −100 ≤ V lsr ≤ +200 km s−1, our method identified three hundred molecular gas structures with at least 16 pixels. These structures contain 92% of the total flux in the raw data cube and show single-peaked line profiles on more than 93% of their pixels. The ISMGCC method could distinguish gas structures in crowded regions and retain most of the flux without global data clipping or assumptions on the structure geometry, meanwhile, allowing multiple Gaussian components for complicated line profiles.

Preschoolers’ knowledge acquisition from German educational media: The impact of a training program fostering media sign literacy

ABSTRACT Evidence shows that the first component of media literacy to develop in children is media sign literacy (MSL), an ability that focuses on the understanding and correct use of the signs and symbol systems that organize different media. Previous research has shown that MSL is a significant predictor of learning from media. In this study, we investigated the impact of a self-developed tablet-based MSL training on children’s knowledge acquisition from educational media. A sample of 144 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years old either received the training (training group) or did not (control group). The training program was executed over a period of 4 weeks. After the program, all participants answered recognition and inference questions about an educational film and an audiobook to assess their knowledge acquisition. The children’s verbal and nonverbal intelligence (both before the training) and MSL (before and after the training) were also assessed. The results showed that the training successfully improved the children’s MSL. Further, the children in the training group had significantly higher recognition and inference scores for the film, along with significantly higher inference scores for the audiobook. Regression analyses also revealed that MSL baseline scores (pretraining) predicted knowledge acquisition from the film but not audiobook.

Influence of Soilless Growing Media Comprising Industrial By-products on Growth of Foliage Plants Epipremnum aureum and Dracaena sp.

Experiments were conducted during August, 2020 to April, 2021 at the ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India to assess the suitability of industrial by-products fly ash and press mud as growing media component for foliage plants Epipremnum aureum and Dracaena sp. Different growing media compositions comprising of fly ash, press mud, cocopeat and vermicompost were evaluated in varying proportions. Foliage plants growth was monitored for nine months duration. Initial pH and electrical conductivity of growing media compositions were determined and leaf samples were analyzed for macro and micronutrients content at the end of the experiment. pH of growing media compositions ranged from near neutral to slightly alkaline pH and electrical conductivity of all media compositions was less than 1.0 dS m-1. Results indicated that growing media composition Fly ash+Vermicompost+Cocopeat (20:30:50) was the most suited growing media to grow Epipremnum aureum under 50% shade condition. Media compositions Cocopeat+Vermiculite+Perlite (33.3:33.3:33.3) and Fly ash+Vermicompost+Cocopeat (20:30:50) were observed to be more suited for growth of Dracaena sp. under 50% shade condition. Maximum plant height, number of leaves, leaf size and petiole length were recorded in Epipremnum aureum and Dracaena sp. plants grown in above media compositions respectively. Results inferred that fly ash along with vermicompost and cocopeat can be used as a growing media component for production of foliage plants Epipremnum aureum and Dracaena sp.

Efficient Production of Bacterial Cellulose Using Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans on Sustainable FeedstocksDevelopment.

The production of bacterial cellulose (BC) has indeed garnered global attention due to its versatile properties and applications. Despite potential benefits, the challenges like low productivity, high fermentation costs, and expensive culture media hinder its industrialization. Utilizing low-cost substrates, especially waste streams, can help address the challenges. In this study, waste feedstocks such as restaurant leftovers, oranges, and grapefruit from canteens and supermarkets were valorized for BC production by Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans. Orange juice is a fascinating substrate with a highest concentration of 20.6 g/L and productivity of 2.05 g/L/d. Using HS medium with supplementary ions, organic acids, ethanol, and various carbon sources is a strategic approach for enhancing BC production. The study reveals that the addition of organic acids or ethanol moderately increased BC production, while ions inhibit BC synthesis, highlighting the complex interplay between various cultivation medium components. Additionally, fermentation with K. sucrofermentans using single and mixed carbon sources was conducted to elucidate the potential metabolic mechanism of BC production. Through alkaline treatment and drying in a 30°C incubator, we produced the highest quality BC with 92.09% crystallinity. Overall, the study enhances BC production knowledge and provides green and sustainable strategies for fermentative BC production.

Wood-Based Biochar Ratio Used for Partial Peat Replacement in Growing Media for Antirrhinum majus Pot Production

Biochar has been promoted mostly as a soil supplement that improves plant growth/yield and to a lesser extent as a growing medium component. The alarmed situation for peat substitution in growing medium renders biochar as a promising substitute for current research. In this study, biochar derived by wood-based materials was evaluated at different ratios (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% v/v) for peat partial substitution for Antirrhinum majus pot production. Biochar had increased potassium content and pH, which affected the growing media properties (total pores space and water filled capacity) and decreased nitrogen and phosphorus content in the media. Adding ≥15% biochar increased plant height and decreased flowering, but no effect was observed on plant biomass produced. The presence of biochar increased the total phenols and flavanols content and antioxidant capacity, with greater effects at the higher biochar rates used. This resulted in lipid peroxidation and an increase in hydrogen peroxide content, causing oxidative stress. Potassium and magnesium accumulated more but nitrogen and phosphorus were accumulated less in snapdragon leaves. Biochar at 10% can be considered as a successful candidate to partially substitute peat, and efforts to improve growing media characteristics are required for A. majus pot production.

A scoping review of cultivated meat techno-economic analyses to inform future research directions for scaled-up manufacturing.

Techno-economic analyses offer insights into how industrial cultivated meat (CM) production could achieve price parity with conventional meat. These analyses use scaling practices, data and facility designs for related bioprocessing fields, including large (≥20,000 l) stirred tank bioreactors and suspension-tolerant, continuously available cell lines. This approach is inconsistent with most primary CM literature, which parallels bench-scale tissue engineering. TEAs published to date demonstrate that, under the current technological paradigm, CM is unlikely to be competitive with conventional meat. Scale-up feasibility may hinge on cost-saving areas such as use of plant-based media components, food-grade aseptic conditions and extensive scaling of related supply chains. Research must address knowledge gaps including serum-free differentiation, new bioreactor designs and facility design before CM can become a viable alternative to animal-based meat production.

Влияние концентрации и рецептуры макросолей в питательной среде на показатели регенерации меристем, на этапе ввода в культуру in vitro, у некоторых аборигенных донских сортов винограда

Abstract. Rare indigenous grape varieties are of significant value for viticulture, breeding and preservation of genetic material. Often, ancient grape varieties, due to prolonged vegetative propagation, are infected with one or more chronic diseases (viruses, phytoplasmas, bacterial cancer). The most reliable way to improve the health of such plants is the method of apical meristems in in vitro culture. In which, on artificial nutrient medium, it is necessary to regenerate the plant from isolated extremely small apical explants (about 50-100 microns). One of the most important components of nutrient medium are macroelements. Not only their quantity is of great importance, but also the compounds they represent, as well as the balance and ratio of all elements in the nutrient medium. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to study the characteristics of mineral nutrition of grape plants of native Don varieties in in vitro culture. To do this, we studied the effectiveness of the most commonly used nutrient media in microclonal propagation. The experiments were carried out on four rare native Don varieties Plechistik oboepolyi, Bessergenevskiy №10, Musketnyi and Durman. Protocols used: Murashige and Skuug (MS), McCown Wood Plant (WPM), Chee and Pool (C2D), Quoirin & lepoivre (QL) and Anton Rebrov (AR1). The nutrient media differed only in the composition of macrosalts; all other components were added in equal quantities. The varietal response of the studied varieties was different. The Plechistik oboepolyi and Bessergenevskiy №10varieties regenerated best, and the Musketnyi and Durman varieties regenerated more poorly. It has been established that the composition of macroelements significantly affects the regeneration and differentiation of shoots in apical meristems. For most varieties, the most stable results were observed when using WPM and AR1 nutrient media. The worst development of explants in all varieties in the study occurred on MS and C2D media. Key words: apical meristem, introduction into in vitro culture, regeneration of explants, recipes for nutrient media, concentration of macronutrients, native Don varieties

Online monitoring of methane transfer rates unveils nitrogen fixation dynamics in Methylococcus capsulatus.

This study explores methane utilization by the methanotrophic microorganism Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) for biomass production, presenting a promising approach to mitigate methane emissions and foster the development sustainable biomaterials. Traditional screening methods for gas cultivations involve either serum flasks without online monitoring or costly, low-throughput fermenters. To address these limitations, the Respiration Activity MOnitoring System was augmented with methane sensors for real-time methane transfer rate (MTR) monitoring in shake flasks. Utilizing online monitoring of the MTR in shake flasks results in enhanced throughput and cost-effectiveness for cultivating M. capsulatus. Simultaneous monitoring of transfer rates for oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide was conducted in up to eight shake flasks, ensuring the success of the cultivation process. Alterations in methane-to-oxygen transfer rate ratios and carbon fixation rates reveal the impact of transfer limitations on microbial growth. Detection of gas transfer limitations, exploration of process parameter influences, and investigations of medium components were enabled by the introduced method. Optimal nitrogen concentrations could be determined to ensure optimal growth. This streamlined approach accelerates the screening process, offering efficient investigations into metabolic effects, limitations, and parameter influences in gas fermentations without the need for elaborate offline sampling, significantly reducing costs and enhanced reproducibility.

Static and Dynamic Regulation of Precursor Supply Pathways to Enhance Raspberry Ketone Synthesis from Glucose in Escherichia coli.

Raspberry ketone (RK), a natural product derived from raspberry fruit, is commonly utilized as a flavoring agent in foods and as an active component for weight loss. Metabolic engineering has enabled microorganisms to produce RK more efficiently and cost-effectively. However, the biosynthesis of RK is hindered by an unbalanced synthetic pathway and a deficiency of precursors, including tyrosine and malonyl-CoA. In this study, we constructed and optimized the RK synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli using a static metabolic engineering strategy to enhance the biosynthesis of tyrosine from glucose, thereby achieving the de novo production of RK. Additionally, the synthetic and consumption pathways of malonyl-CoA were dynamically regulated by p-coumaric acid-responsive biosensor to balance the metabolic flux distribution between cell growth and RK biosynthesis. Following pathway optimization, the medium components and fermentation conditions were further refined, resulting in a significant increase in the RK titer to 415.56 mg/L. The optimized strain demonstrated a 32.4-fold increase in the RK titer while maintaining a comparable final OD600 to the initial strain. Overall, the implemented static and dynamic regulatory strategies provide a novel approach for the efficient production of RK, taking into account cell viability and growth.

The development of a formulation, the selection and harmonization of the nutrient medium for determining the activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics

The work is devoted to research on the selection of peptone for the optimization of the nutrient medium for the antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion method of neomycin (framycetin), which have a similar chemical structure. The paper substantiates the relevance and importance of developing a formulation, selecting the optimal composition (ingredients), the quantitative ratio of ingredients, the pH of the medium, compliance of the proposed nutrient media with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and the European Pharmacopoeia for the standardization of antibiotics. The aim of the work was to study the components of the nutrient medium in comparison with the pharmacopoeial standards recommended for determining the effectiveness of antibiotics. It is shown that for carrying out microbiological tests in the standardization of antimicrobial drugs, the nutrient medium is the main one, and the correctness and accuracy of the interpretation of the research results depend on their quality. The experiment studied four brands of dry peptone and broth from different manufacturers - LLC NITSF and FBUN GNTs PMB (Obolensk) when working with the test strain of the spore culture Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. An optimal nutrient medium is proposed, the composition and conditions of its preparation are selected. To determine the antimicrobial activity of framycetin by the agar diffusion method, a developed medium for determining the effectiveness of neomycin when working with the spore-forming form of the test strain Baccillus subtillis ATCC 6633 is proposed.

Optimization, characterization and biosafety of carotenoids produced from whey using Micrococcus luteus

This study aimed to optimize the production of carotenoid pigments from Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) through the statistical screening of media components and the characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytogenetic and cytotoxic activities. A BOX-Behnken design was used to assess the effects of whey concentration, inoculum size, pH, temperature, and agitation speed on carotenoid yield. The optimum combination increased production to 2.19 g/L, with a productivity of 0.045 g L-1 h−1 and a productivity yield of 0.644 g/g, as confirmed by an observed carotene production of 2.19 g/L. The final response surface model fitting the data had an R2 of 0.9461. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified 12 carotenoid pigment compounds produced by M. luteus. The extracts displayed moderate antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), and E. faecalis (ATCC 19433), with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 29.0, 14.0, and 37.0 mm, respectively, at 1000 μg/mL. However, its effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria is limited. In comparison, tetracycline exhibited greater antimicrobial potency. The IC50 value of carotenoids was used to indicate the antioxidant activity. IC50 value from the DPPH assay was 152.80 mg/100mL. An IC50 cytotoxicity value greater than 300 μg/mL was found against normal mouse liver cells, with over 68% cell viability even at 300 μg/mL, indicating low toxicity. Histological structure studies revealed normal myocardial muscle tissue, lung tissue, and kidney tissue sections, whereas liver tissue sections revealed ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and disorganization of hepatic cords. Cytogenetic parameters revealed that the carotene treatment group had a mitotic index (70%) lower than that of the control but higher than that of the positive control, mitomycin, and did not substantially increase numerical (1.2%) or structural aberrations compared with those of the control, suggesting a lack of genotoxic effects under the experimental conditions. In conclusion, optimized culture conditions enhanced carotenoid yields from M. luteus, and the extracts displayed promising bioactivity as moderate antibiotics against certain gram-positive bacteria and as antioxidants. The high IC50 values demonstrate biosafety. Overall, this bioprocess for enhanced carotenoid production coupled with bioactivity profiling and low cytotoxicity support the application of M. luteus carotenoids.

Rubber seed shell as low-cost medium to produce lactic acid using Lactobacillus plantarum LB2 and fabrication of a polylactic acid-chitosan composite for fish fillet packing

Rubber seed shell (Hevea brasiliensis) was used as a low-cost substrate to produce lactic acid via Lactobacillus plantarum LB2. The medium components were initially screened by two-level full factorial design. Three variables (pH, moisture, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (PSM)) were used in the central composite design and response surface methodology. The amount of PSM was found to be a significant variable in lactic acid production. Lactic acid was purified and used for the chemical fabrication of a polylactic acid-chitosan composite film. Compared with the polylactic acid, the composite film improved the tensile strength, elongation strength, and tearing strength. The film prepared with 1% chitosan-polylactic acid exhibited the maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (21 ± 1 mm) and the lowest activity against Escherichia coli (10 ± 1 mm). The polylactic acid-chitosan film prepared with 1% chitosan was used as a packing material to store the fish fillets and presented reduced mesophilic (4.3 ± 0.1 Log CFU/g) and psychrotropic (3.2 ± 0.2 Log CFU/g) bacterial populations compared with those of the control (4.9 ± 0.2 Log CFU/g and 3.7 Log CFU/g). Rubber seed shells can be used as an alternative culture medium for lactic acid production, to reduce the production cost of polylactic acid.

Forecasting interval carbon price through a multi-scale interval-valued decomposition ensemble approach

This paper proposes a novel Multi-scale Interval-valued Decomposition Ensemble (MIDE) framework for forecasting European Union Allowance (EUA) carbon futures prices, which integrates Noise-assisted Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (NAMEMD), Interval-valued Vector Auto-Regressive (IVAR) model, Interval Event Analysis (IEA) method, and Interval Multi-Layer Perceptron (IMLP). First, the original interval-valued carbon prices with other interval-valued control variables are decomposed and integrated into high, medium, and low-frequency components by NAMEMD. Second, IVAR is used to investigate the dynamics of the interval-valued vector system in low-frequency components, while IMLP is employed to characterize the high-frequency components. Besides, the interval event analysis investigates typical events that significantly impact carbon prices in the medium-frequency component. Furthermore, empirical findings indicate that our proposed MIDE learning approach significantly outperforms some other benchmark models in out-of-sample forecasting.

Sky images based photovoltaic power forecasting: A novel approach with optimized VMD and Vision Mamba

As the global demand for sustainable energy sources continues to grow, accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is crucial for optimizing the utilization of solar resources and enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. To improve the accuracy of photovoltaic power forecasting, this paper proposes a novel hybrid predictive model that integrates Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Vision Mamba (Vim) for extracting features from sky images, and advanced mechanisms like Patch Embedding and Variate-wise Cross-Attention. Initially, the proposed model employs SAO-optimized VMD to decompose the photovoltaic power series into high, medium, and low-frequency components. Subsequently, these components are patched to serve as input for the subsequent layers. In the third step, exogenous variables, including meteorological and image data, are introduced and processed through Variate Embedding combined with cross-attention mechanisms to capture the intricate interactions between these variables. Finally, by integrating the outputs from all processing steps through normalization and feed-forward layers, the final predictive results are produced. Experimental evaluations across different seasons demonstrate significant enhancements in forecasting accuracy, with the model achieving Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 0.3587 in spring, 0.4376 in summer, 0.3544 in autumn, and 0.3493 in winter. Similarly, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) across these seasons underscore the model's effectiveness. This model offers new technical means for photovoltaic power forecasting and provides valuable decision support for the optimization and management of photovoltaic power systems.