Mechanization Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

Prevention of injury when using mobile means of mechanization in AIC in the case of starting their engines with the engaged gear transmission

It is informed about the importance of the structures of the agro-industrial corps in world civilization and in the country in terms of food supply for the population. Attention is drawn to the need for a variety of food products, which is ensured by the versatility of agricultural enterprises and a variety of types of work. The mechanization of agricultural production is based on a variety of agricultural machinery and equipment used in order to increase productivity, production efficiency and facilitate labor. It is noted that in the fleet of agricultural equipment used, the determining share of mobile machines with internal combustion engines (cars, tractors, combines, bulldozers, excavators, scrapers and other machines) on a wheeled or crawler track is drawn. According to the regulatory and legal framework, all types of work activities should not lead to injury and illness of workers. At the same time, many of them, for one reason or another, are accompanied by severe and fatal injuries. One of the reasons is the ability to start their engines when the gear is engaged in the transmission. In order to eliminate such situations, an innovative solution has been proposed - a device for blocking the possibility of starting the engines of mobile machines if the gear shift lever is not set to the neutral position before starting. This prevents the possibility of injury to operators and persons servicing the unit.

The structure of the sowing areas of crops in the Non-chernozem region

The article provides a current regional specialization of agricultural production in the subjects of the Non-chernozem economic zone of the country and its socio-economic features happened by 2016. The special attention is paid to grain cultures, dairy and meat cattle breeding, pig breeding and poultry farming. It is predicted that dairy cattle, which ensures the employment of a significant number of workers in agricultural organizations and farms, remain a basic agricultural activity in rural life of Non-chernozem region, maintaining the productivity of cold regions. There are seven such regions having more or less favorable territories for agricultural production. It seems possible to cultivate full range of crops there. The calculation of the size of the sowing areas per one cattle head in the subjects of Nonchernozem region are considered in this paper. It has been established that the structure of sowing areas in agricultural organizations of the studied regions does not have significant differences compared to peasant farms. The exception is potatoes and vegetables, sowing areas of which are significantly higher in small forms of land use. With a low level of mechanization of agricultural production in small forms of management, (with the exception of few cultivated crops), the growth of production does not lead to increase of effectiveness. In the medium term, according to the authors estimation, the existing practice of concentrating the agricultural production in the territories with the most favorable agro-climatic, soil conditions and favorable position regarding consumer markets will be preserved.

Development of a braking energy recovery device for an agricultural robot

Designing and creating new agricultural machines, their introduction into agricultural production and effective use requires taking into account and objectively evaluating many factors determined by the requirements of industry and the specifics of agricultural production. The scientific and technical process in the field of automation and mechanization of agricultural production is aimed at reducing specific energy costs, increasing the productivity and manageability of equipment, as well as compliance with environmental standards. To solve these tasks, mobile robots are actively used that can independently perform various operations related to sowing, tillage, plant care and harvesting. A promising method for improving the efficiency of agricultural machinery is the use of braking energy recovery, its accumulation and use during further acceleration. For this purpose, a device was developed and designed to reduce the energy consumption of agricultural robots without reducing the dynamic qualities and performance of the equipment.

Electric and gas-generating tractors in the agricultural sector of the South of Russia in the 1930s: mass-staffs and application features

The article is based on the materials of the Don, Kuban and Stavropol regions as the most important agricultural regions of Russia, highlights the process of development and introduction of gas-generating tractors in Soviet agriculture during the 1930s, which represented a special direction of mechanization of agricultural production in the period under review. The author’s statement that in the 1930s the author’s work was carried out is convincingly justified. Representatives of the Party-Soviet leadership paid close attention to the development of gas-generating equipment as consuming cheaper fuel in comparison with petroleum products and it led to the rapid development of these technical devices and their quantitative growth, including in Soviet and collective farms. It was proved that, despite the efforts of the designers, gas-generating tractors had a number of significant drawbacks, which made their operation difficult and became one of the most important reasons for their usage stopping in agriculture.

НОРМАТИВЫ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В ТЕХНИКЕ

The development of standard requirements in the technique and methods of their determination is an urgent problem whose solution will give the opportunity to policy authorities and producers not only to solve current problems related to the vehicle fleet, but also to determine future needs for technology for Russia as a whole, regions, and farms of all types. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a methodology for calculating the normative need for equipment for crop production using coefficients for converting physical units of equipment into reference units, which allows us to assess the potential efficiency of the fleet, taking into account the main indicators of the technical level for the entire type-size range of machines based on updated data on technologies and characteristics of machines. (Materials and methods) Authors analyzed the state of the machine and tractor fleet and identified negative problems with the equipment of different types of farms. The article presents summarized extensive statistical data on the dynamics of changes in production indicators of major agricultural crops. The conditional (reference) coefficients were studied and clarified. (Results and discussion) The article describes the main provisions of the research carried out in the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM on determining the normative need of agriculture in technology using conditional (reference) coefficients, which can be used by both farm specialists and relevant ministries. The use of conditional (reference) coefficients allows us to assess the existing level of provision of regions and the country as a whole with the necessary machines and determine the standard demand and the number of equipment of various sizes that should be purchased. (Conclusions) The forecast data provide a benchmark showing the direction of development of mechanical engineering and mechanization of agricultural production. As the structure of acreage changes, as well as their increase or decrease, the need for equipment should be adjusted.

Informational And Didactic Modeling Of The Content Of The E-Textbook On The Mechanization Of Agricultural Production On The Basis Of The Ontological Approach

The authors raise the problem of new approaches in the field of creating textbooks, analyze the Ukrainian experience gained in the didactic modeling of electronic textbooks for vocational and post-school education, which should be of interest to a wide range of users. The authors suggest organizing an e-textbook environment on the mechanization of agricultural production on the basis of an ontological approach to ensure both the process of training future skilled fruit and vegetable growers in vocational (vocational and technical) education institutions, and to conduct research work in the agricultural sector by means of extracurricular educational activities, in particular within the system of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The article also analyzes the scientific and pedagogical literature, regulatory documents and sources of databases on the identified issues. The information and didactic substantiation of modeling the content and structure of the electronic textbook is presented. The authors demonstrate the general hierarchical structure of a typical curriculum on the logic of information and didactic modeling of an e-textbook on the professionally relevant specialized discipline, i.e. mechanization of agricultural production, and also offer its generalized structural model in accordance with the requirements of DSPTO 6111. ОА.01.10-2014 “Fruit and vegetable grower”. It is emphasized that there is a certain technological system for establishing relationships between didactic resource units. They are considered to be combined into enlarged didactic units, the assimilation of which indicates the existing level of formation of professional competence of future fruit and vegetable growers in terms of their acquisition of professional knowledge and skills (professional competencies) in the implementation of fruit and vegetable mechanized growing. Attention is focused on the features of technological editing of this e-textbook when it is introduced into the practice of education in Ukraine, and the advantages and obstacles to this process are determined.

ЕCOLOGICAL CULTURE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS

The development of technocratic culture has caused numerous positive and negative changes in human life, and fully or partially solved the problems that the society has faced, but also created the new ones. One of the best examples for understanding such cultural contradictions may be agricultural production. The application of scientific and technological knowledge enabled us to produce large quantities of food, and at least partially solve one of the biggest global problems of the mankind - the shortage of food. However, it turned out that chemization and mechanization of agricultural production have had various negative environmental consequences, and that the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers has had negative impact on human health. Starting from the current views and concepts of social development in which social development includes environmental safety, and consequently the ecologization of culture, the first part of the paper presents the data obtained by an empirical research on some dimensions of ecological culture between the farmers in Serbia. In the second part of the paper, the data obtained in this study are compared to the data obtained in part of the same problem in Bulgaria. Based on the collected data and comparisons, it has been concluded that there is partially developed ecological culture in this specific group of producers in both countries. Кey words: е environmental crisis, ecological culture, agricultural production

Ecological culture of agricultural producers – case study in Serbia and Bulgaria

The development of technocratic culture has caused numerous positive and negative changes in human life, and fully or partially solved the problems that the society has faced, but also created the new ones. One of the best examples for understanding such cultural contradictions may be agricultural production. The application of scientific and technological knowledge enabled us to produce large quantities of food, and at least partially solve one of the biggest global problems of the mankind - the shortage of food. However, it turned out that chemization and mechanization of agricultural production have had various negative environmental consequences, and that the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers has had negative impact on human health. Starting from the current views and concepts of social development in which social development includes environmental safety, and consequently the ecologization of culture, the first part of the paper presents the data obtained by an empirical research on some dimensions of ecological culture between the farmers in Serbia. In the second part of the paper, the data obtained in this study are compared to the data obtained in part of the same problem in Bulgaria. Based on the collected data and comparisons, it has been concluded that there is partially developed ecological culture in this specific group of producers in both countries. Кey words: е environmental crisis, ecological culture, agricultural production

The Worker-Peasant Alliance as a Strategy for Rural Development in China

During the past few years, some high level government officials and many social scientists in China have admitted the many accomplishments made in rural areas under the leadership of Mao Zedong. While acknowledging the building of an agricultural infrastructure, the increase in land productivity, the mechanization of agricultural production, and the provision of the basic necessities of life for the majority of China's rural population, they have conveniently avoided analyzing Mao's model of development. Such an analysis would reveal the fundamental differences between two lines—Mao's versus Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping's—and would undermine Deng's interpretation of China's development and the reasons behind his reform.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Pros and Cons of Agricultural Mechanization in the Third World

There is much that needs modernizing in traditional agricultural practices of the Third World. In some countries relatively simple changes, such as the substitution of metal implements for wooden hoes and plows, or the use of rubber tires on wheelbarrows and carts, may make a great difference. There are many areas where more efficient drainage of wet soils and/or irrigation of dry soils, better weed control, more use of improved varieties and fertilizers, different crop rotations, and erosion-control practices would significantly improve crop production and farmer welfare. Included in the vast array of possible modernizing techniques is the increased use of mechanical means (as contrasted with human and animal power) to work the soil, plant seeds, harvest crops, irrigate fields, etc. While the mechanization of agricultural production has tremendous possibilities, it also contains pitfalls. This article will explore what mechanization does and how it influences the soil, crop, farmer, and society.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

The Repair and Equipment Stations and the Collective Farms

The new upsurge of agricultural production in the current seven-year plan will be accompanied by a further development of collective farm production, a growth in its supply of materials and equipment, and the strengthening of the collective farms in the organizational and business sense. In this regard, the problem of increasing labor productivity takes on primary importance. This problem will be solved on the basis of the completion of the all-round mechanization of agricultural production and a sharp improvement in the organization thereof.

A System of Machines for the Complex Mechanization of Agricultural Production

In the light of decisions of the February Plenum of the CC, CPSU, and of the First Session, Fifth Convocation, of the USSR Supreme Soviet concerning the reorganization of the MTS and development of the kolkhoz regime the question of improving the system of machines for the purpose of the complete mechanization of agriculture as a final goal acquires the most timely significance.