Mechanism Of Partnership Research Articles

Social Responsibility as a Performance Indicator of Public Authorities

Further development of consolidated democracy in the modern world involves the implementation of the concept of responsible, socially significant and law-compliant behaviour of public servants. This urges the issue of defining social responsibility as a qualitatively new performance indicator of public authorities in public discourse. The research aims at analysing the relevance of the use of social responsibility as a criterion for evaluating the work of public authorities. The relationship of the social responsibility and professionalism development processes is analysed from the angle of public administration, and their impact on ensuring the effective implementation of competencies by public authorities is determined. The article analyses professionalism styles, substantiates the reasonability of wider application of professionalism as a factor capable of ensuring the introduction of social responsibility by public authorities for the effective implementation of their competencies. The theoretical approaches of New Public Management and Good Governance for the development of a socially responsible approach in the work of public authorities are analysed. Emphasis is placed on the practical significance of Good Governance in ensuring the sustainable development of public sector organizations and their transparency as an important factor and consequence of the realization of social responsibility principles. It is concluded that the ongoing implementation of social responsibility approaches in the work of public authorities in the 10’s of the 21st century has been re-actualized. It is generalized that social responsibility is a means of maintaining the integrity of society, ensuring social justice, social relations development. It is determined that the social responsibility level of the state is a performance indicator of public administration. It is concluded that effective corporate social responsibility requires the development of a regulatory mechanism of public administration and public-private partnership.
 
 Received: 4 January 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

Corporate Responsibility in the Environmental Protection as an Element of Public-Private Partnership in Ukraine

Individual and corporate responsibility is the basis for sustainable development of society and the world. Environmental responsibility of business entities is a prerequisite for the survival of people, which is why it is an important aspect of corporate responsibility. The purpose of the paper is to determine the content of corporate and social responsibility of business entities in the field of environmental protection in terms of its interaction with the state on the basis of public-private partnership. The general scientific method of comparison made it possible to compare the Ukrainian legislative base on environmental protection with the legal framework of regulation and practice in foreign countries. Through the structural and functional analysis, it was possible to consider the features of the interaction between the state and business structures and between other institutions the activities of which are related to environmental protection. The analysis revealed the necessity to consider and include elements of environmental and social responsibility of business in the mechanisms of public-private partnership. The study shows that public-private partnership is an imperative element in the composition of social responsibility. The author proposes a definition of environmental responsibility that encompasses three factors: legal, economic and social. In the future, this research area will be of interest as a comparison of the legislative support of the types of responsibility for foreign and international standards in the context of implementing the relevant standards in the Ukrainian legislative framework and their implementation on practice.

TO THE QUESTION OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF PROCESSING SOLID Municipal WASTE IN THE TCHAIKOVSKY CITY DISTRICT OF THE PERM KRAI

The article discusses the basic principles of the design of the construction of a plant for the processing of solid municipal waste (MSW) on the example of the Chaikovsky urban district of the Perm region. The main approaches in the field of consumer waste management have been identified. Changes in Russian legislation are considered, which tighten the responsibility for violation of environmental and sanitary-epidemiological requirements when handling production and consumption waste. The modern methods and innovative technologies are presented, the ways of solving the problems of waste processing are suggested. The proposed method for solving the problem is a thermal method for utilizing MSW, namely, a pyrolysis method. When carrying out the construction of the design capacities of the plant for the processing of MSW into combustible gas, it is planned to attract private investment on the basis of the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP), which is successfully used today in various spheres of economic activity. On the basis of the studied data, conclusions were drawn about the possibilities of modifying existing approaches in the field of municipal solid waste management. The problem of utilization of MSW in the Perm Territory and, in general, on the scale of the Russian Federation puts on the agenda a whole block of issues that can be solved only in aggregate, involving specialists of various profiles.

Парадоксы социальной политики в развитии социальной инфраструктуры

The state's responsibility for development of social infrastructure has not been questioned by modern Russian and foreign economists for many years. An indicator of implementing the national goals of the Russian Federation development for the period up to 2030 is not only an increase in life expectancy up to 78 years, but also a half reduction in the poverty level compared to indicator of 2017 [1], which points out the need not only to ensure additional income for the elderly, but also to reduce their costs. In the context of limited budgetary opportunities, the state's social policy is focused on developing commercial sector of social services and the sector of socially oriented NPOs that are not interested in development of capital-intensive infrastructure component at social tariffs. Private stationary facilities are targeted at wealthy people and are inaccessible to most elderly people who have to turn to the gray services market. Excessive commercialization has embraced even state-owned infrastructures, created or reconstructed through the mechanism of public-private partnership. This results in limited availability of public good and competition for access to it.

The dual form of education as a component of integration processes in the educational environment

The most important characteristic feature of the current stage of development of higher education in Ukraine is integration processes that reflect, on the one hand, substantive and structural changes within the education system, and on the other hand, the processes of interaction between education and the production sphere. The priorities of state policy and the concept of innovative development in the field of education indicate the necessity to form a wide range of mechanisms for cooperation between business and educational institutions. In the educational standard of higher education in specialty it is noted that the future specialist must be ready for the following activities: production and technological activities, project activities, research activities, organizational and management activities. Specific types of professional activity, for which a specialist is mainly prepared, are determined by higher educational institutions in cooperation with students, teachers, and employers' associations. With such an essential range of requirements for future specialists, there is a need for qualitative changes in the content and organization of training.
 In modern social and economic conditions, the activities of higher education institutions that train specialists for the food industry are associated with solving a number of problems: the imperfection of the mechanisms of social partnership between educational institutions and employers; insufficient practical orientation in the training of qualified personnel for a particular enterprise; inconsistency of the educational and resource base of educational institutions. As a result of the search for effective forms of organizing of the educational process for solving the tasks set before education, the introduction of elements of dual education in the educational process seems to be expedient, promising, and of current interest

Assessing and Implementing a Sustainable Holistic Planning System

In 2019, the New York Olympic Region received the first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for Communities Certification (gold) for a rural multi-jurisdictional region comprised of Lake Placid Village, North Elba Town, the Olympic Regional Development Authority, and the Lake Placid School System. Much of the work involved in this initiative was executed by 14 undergraduate students and two faculty members from Clarkson University working in partnership with the U.S. Green Building Council, and four local jurisdictions. The endeavor was successful and unique in several facets. First, it provided an experiential project-based education in the application of a sustainable holistic planning system, LEED for Communities/Cities. Second, it demonstrates the value of a university collaboration with a rural region and its communities. Third, it developed the first rural regional model for smart community planning that integrated multiple jurisdictions and stakeholders. Finally, it provides a replicable template for implementation and operation by other communities with institutions of higher learning. A variety of challenges remain, however, for emerging sustainable holistic planning systems in metrics development, civic and stakeholder engagement, determination of efficacy, and implementation optimization. Readers will emerge with an improved understanding of sustainable holistic planning systems, knowledge of multi-jurisdictional planning concerns in sustainability metrics, and insight into implementation of these systems as a pedagogical tool and partnership mechanism.

The Role of Non-Profit Organizations in Improving the Efficiency of Managing Corporate Social Responsibility Programs of Russian Enterprises

The purpose of the presented study should be considered the identification of promising areas and the organizational and economic mechanism for the potential participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of projects and programs of corporate social responsibility based on the use of public-private partnership opportunities in solving systemic problems of regional development, primarily in such urgent areas of social development as social sphere and reduction of differentiation between population groups. The article presents methodological approaches that reflect the topical issues of determining the place and role of NGOs in the Russian economy. In modern conditions, non-profit organizations should become an important participant in the comprehensive implementation of corporate social responsibility programs for various business entities within the same territory and region, which will increase the effectiveness of financial investments of all market participants, including the state through the use of the mechanism of public-private partnership, and to create a transparent system of accounting and control of the results of this activity in relation to the obtained socio-economic effects.

ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions and methodological recommendations based on world experience on the formation of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the innovation sphere of Ukraine’s economy. The essential characteristics of public-private partnership in the innovation sphere, principles and organizational forms of its functioning are specified. The comparative analysis of the processes of public-private partnership development in Ukraine and the leading countries of the world is carried out. Several of the most significant problems that hinder the development of PPP in Ukraine have been identified: imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework; fiscal orientation of tax legislation; lack of long-term financing mechanisms; low level of business confidence in government; lack of a clear concept of PPP development and support; shortcomings of the judicial system; high levels of corruption and various kinds of abuse and arbitrariness, which is a major obstacle to the development of private funding not only in the regions but also at the level of national projects; the influence of the political component on economic decision-making. The priority directions of the state policy on further improvement of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the innovation sphere are formulated: creation of the favorable economic and normative-legal environment based on effective interaction of the state, business, science and society; development of new organizational mechanisms of the public-private partnership system; creation of a system of state support for the results of innovation activities; formation of entrepreneurs motivation for the development of innovative activities; development of new organizational mechanisms of the public-private partnership system; introduction of effective tools of state management of the innovation sphere; providing state guarantees for business loans to introduce knowledge-intensive technologies; elimination of imbalance between the interests of the state and private business; stimulating organizational and institutional support for entrepreneurship; involvement of small and medium business in participation in targeted programs and innovative projects; development of antitrust measures to develop competition in knowledge-intensive industries. Thus, currently the trend of formation and development of public-private partnerships is an objective basis for effective interaction of economic entities of the business sector and government, ensuring the consolidation of material and financial resources, as well as a more even distribution of commercial and financial risks between them.

Digital Transformation of Public-Private Partnership Tools

The need for modern infrastructure as a prerequisite for sustainable development, poverty alleviation, and improvement of the quality of life of the population is a global problem that requires searching for and attracting large amounts of long-term investments. The presence of this problem in recent decades has led to the increasing implementation of complex and costly infrastructure projects through the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism with high potential for attracting investment. This mechanism, in conditions of limited financial opportunities, allows one to combine the financial resources of the public and private parties for the implementation of major infrastructure projects. The limited use of existing tools at different stages of PPP projects and the increasing need for additional resources make it necessary to consider the possibility of using digital tools that complement traditional ones. For this purpose, the authors analyze existing financing tools, revealing their advantages and disadvantages, and identify and justify the possibility of using digital tools in the implementation of PPP projects. However, digitalization includes not only financing tools but also the development of infrastructure, including digital platforms needed to conduct such operations in the digital environment. As a result, a combined financing toolkit can be formed for each phase of project realization, including traditional and digital tools. The results of this study will become a basis for revealing the directions of the digital transformation of the PPP mechanism.

АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ЧИННИКІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

This study focuses on a wide range of issues related to the effects of integration process on the development of economic relations, in particular, in the road transport services market. Special emphasis is put on the critical role of integration in contributing to building circular technological supply chains, ensuring sales coordination and management, reducing unit costs and increasing labor productivity. It is argued that the outcome of integration translates into a cohesive economic mechanism which in addition to its integrated elements is characterized by the presence of a core coordination element. The article offers a definition to a public-private partnership phenomenon, identifies its advantages and disadvantages, explores the mechanisms of public-private partnership implementation as well as suggests a toolkit to optimize the partnership functioning for integrated structures. This is a pioneering study that provides a rationale for the need to use several public-private partnership patterns simultaneously together with developing a mechanism for carrying out public-private partnership which is proposed to be consolidated into the mechanism of integrated partnership viewed as the most preferable one to be implemented in the market of road transport services. It has been verified that the integrated partnership pattern provides an opportunity to develop competitive advantages of all its participants. The research findings have enabled to make the following generalizations: the existing partnerships differ in types of arrangements and institutional support; prior to making a decision to launch a specific integrated partnership project, the mechanism of its implementation should be envisaged; to enhance the efficiency of the integrated partnership project implementation, building relevant infrastructure facilities is paramount; the prospects for further integrated partnership project operation assume the utilization of a network mechanism of public-private partnership which best meets the needs and the specifics of the road transport services market.

The foreign experience of public-private implementation

This article is devoted to the issue of comparing the practice of applying public-private partnership models in foreign and domestic practice. It proposes to consider the application of the mechanism of public-private partnership (PPP), the development of which is defined as a strategic direction of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, in the system of social protection of the population. The analysis allows us to draw the following conclusions: in both Russian and international practice, public-private partnership requires the coincidence of the interests of public and private partners. The structure of PPP models in the world practice is somewhat different from the Russian one, however, legislation allows to transform models directly by direct agreement between its participants. The article also draws the following conclusions: firstly, PPP projects in the world practice are characterized by a variety of forms and application mechanisms, which makes them virtually a universal tool for solving various kinds of long-term tasks in a wide range of applications, and secondly, there is a shift in emphasis towards energy, which allows us to talk about finding new growth points.

Mechanisms of public-private partnership and ensuring innovation and investment activities in the region

In the paper the analysis of public-private partnership (PPP) in Russia and its regions is carried out. Based on the example of one of the most investment-attractive regions - the Krasnodar region - the in-depth review of the main financial and investment statistical indicators of the formation and operation of PPP was conducted. It is noted that due to the fact that regional legislation in the sphere was ahead of the approval of the Federal law, this led to some differences in approaches to the formation of PPP and system errors. It is emphasized that the greatest differences in approaches to PPP are observed in the formation of innovative projects, as in the absence of Federal legislation on innovation, there are errors of institutional and categorical nature, as a result of which projects of the traditional social and communal direction are sometimes called “innovative”, and they include them in statistics. As a result, it is proposed to introduce a rating by region not only on the level and volume of PPP, but also on the volume of real innovative projects and indicators of innovative development of the region, reflected in the corresponding Strategic program.

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The article analyzes the foreign experience of public-private partnership projects. The most common forms of PPP in the world are considered, the main factors influencing the development of PPP projects in the road industry are identified. The principles of public-private partnership are described. Examples of the first pilot projects of public-private partnership in the field of road management are given. Deficiencies in the competitive mechanisms of public-private partnership in Ukraine have been identified. The main tasks and conclusions about the further prospects of the industry development are outlined, taking as a basis the perspective of the development of the mechanism of public-private partnership. Although the public sector is key to the development of the road sector, the role of private sector enterprises is growing rapidly through the reform and development of public-private partnerships. The private sector has the potential to participate in the life cycle of projects, be it the construction, operation, financing or maintenance of roads. Public-private partnerships on the roads are common practice in many European countries. Based on the world experience of effective implementation of the mechanism of interaction between the state, private business and public interests, the government has developed the first program of public-private partnership in the field of road management. It is through the development of this area of cooperation that you can quickly implement and achieve your goals. After all, the implementation of public-private partnership projects helps to restore the successful functioning of the national economy in unstable market conditions. Namely, through the attraction of private investment, without significant involvement of public funds. As a result of such cooperation, private business will receive significant government support by reducing risks and increasing the attractiveness of investment projects.

Special characteristics of development of innovative multi-level subsystems of catching-up type in different countries and Russia in the context of global digitalization

Subject. The article addresses multi-level innovative subsystems of catching-up type in various countries of the world and in Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to reveal the special aspects of investment mechanism for innovative subsystems development at various levels, in different countries of the world and in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. I developed a method to classify different groups of countries of the world. Using the statistical data, they are divided into types of national economies by the quality of their economy’s information base development and by participation in the fifth technological mode. Based on the analysis of the previous experience of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in developing the catch-up models and the analysis of the current model of innovative subsystems of Russia and its regions, I offer a method for transition to a catch-up model. Conclusions. It is essential to work out public policy measures for the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. This will enable to develop the elements of a catching-up economy model by creating innovation chains around scientific and educational institutions, in which nationally located transnational corporations would directly participate in processes of their intangible assets renewal.

SUPPLY AND DEMAND FACTORS OF THE STATE AND BUSINESS ON PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

The subject of the study is public–private partnership (hereinafter – PPP) mechanisms in the modern economy of the Russian Federation. The article considers economic factors affecting the demand for PPP mechanisms in Russia from the state and business. The paper carries out a comparative assessment of the supply and demand of PPP and alternative mechanisms of interaction between the state and business. The study reveals that PPP does not have significant advantages in comparison with traditional public procurement or leasing. According to the results of the study, the author makes a forecast that in the near future we should expect a significant reduction in the volume of private and public co-financing of projects implemented on the basis of PPP. Assumption by state additional obligations to finance projects in the absence of budget restrictions can increase the demand for PPP on the part of business.

Features of the Institutional Environment of Public-Private Partnership in Russia: Regional Aspect

In the current crisis economic conditions, the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism can be used as one of the key ways to attract extra-budgetary sources of funds for the implementation of investment projects at the regional level. Despite the growing number of PPP projects in Russia, the presence of significant institutional constraints at the regional level hinder the further development of this mechanism. In particular, there is a lack of interconnection of PPP projects with long-term investment and state development programs at the regional level, low sectoral diversity of projects, high dependence of PPP projects on state financial institutions, and insufficient information support of regional PPP practices. The situation is aggravated by the lack of long-term money in the economy against the backdrop of limited private partners’ funds for the implementation of long-term PPP projects, as well as by existing legal restrictions. The practical purpose and scientific value of this article lie in the construction of a holistic and logical vision of solving the identified institutional problems of PPP development at the regional level.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В СУБЪЕКТЕ РФ: НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВАЯ БАЗА, ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА, ОПЫТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ

The article studies the regulatory framework, institutional environment and experience in implementing public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in the Kursk region. Shown is the position occupied by the Kursk region among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of PPP development. Based on the data of the official register of agreements concluded (planned to be concluded) on the principles of public-private partnership in the Kursk region, the existing practice of implementing PPP projects was analyzed. It is noted that the PPP sector in the Kursk region is rather poorly developed, despite the formal elaboration of the regulatory framework and the presence of a certain institutional environment. The practice of PPP is limited to only one form — a concession agreement, is carried out only at the municipal level, the total volume of investments is insignificant. It has been established that a typical concession agreement facility in the region is a water supply facility for a village or village with a population of up to 50 people, and we are always talking only about modernization, re-construction and operation of existing facilities, but not about creating new ones. A comparison is made of the practice of implementing PPP projects in the Kursk region with the best rated constituent entity of the Russian Federation — the Samara region, based on the comparison, conclusions are drawn about the main problems and shortcomings that hinder the development of PPP in the Kursk region.

On Trends in Infrastructure Development Using the Public-Private Partnership Mechanism in the G20 Countries

Aim. The presented study aims to examine project initiatives and proposals for improving funding mechanisms for infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership in the Russian Federation.Tasks. The authors consider approaches and project initiatives of the G20 countries pertaining to the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the context of the adaptation of infrastructure projects to the Russian market (for the purpose of improving the quality and efficiency of the implementation of infrastructure projects in the Russian market).Methods. The methodological basis of this study includes works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of public-private partnership and project financing. The authors use methods of scientific research (expert and comparative analysis, grouping and generalization) selected in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study as well as information publicly available on the official websites of the ROSINFRA platform and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.Results. Comparative analysis of foreign and national practices in the public-private partnership market makes it possible to identify a number of potential initiatives, including a new approach to the examination of infrastructure projects and proposals for attracting additional investment resources to the public-private partnership market. Adaptation of foreign competencies to the Russian public private partnership market will drive the transformation of the current PPP project model in Russia.Conclusions. Analysis of methods used by the G20 to assess and implement infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership makes it possible to formulate potential initiatives and proposals for improving approaches to the implementation of infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership in the Russian market and to determine the development vector for the national infrastructure project model.

Improving the Mechanisms of Public-Private Partnership

Development of the Russian economy causes the growth of public requirements and structural changes connected with it directed to an increase in the efficiency of social and economic tasks solution. Need of partnership of the state and private business development for the solution of problems in the social and economic sphere predetermines by the insufficiency of opportunities of the public (budgetary) financing of investment projects, large-scale and significant for society. The public-private partnership (PPP) acts as one of the modern economic mechanisms allowing realizing the interaction of the state and business. The PPP, on the one side, represents a special form of influence of state authorities and management for the purpose of stimulation of business activity, and with another, acts as the economic mechanism of the solution of social and economic tasks. The article is devoted to the consideration of the public-private partnership mechanism as one of the most modern methods of economic activity state regulation which basis the basic coordination principle of the parties interests and allowing to combine interests and technologies of business. Need and the prospects of further development of mechanisms of state-private partnership on the basis of the state strategic planning are proved. Special attention is paid to the interrelation of development of public-private partnership and need of theoretical scientific research in the field of improvement of institutional, ensuring its realization. It is shown that the role of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the economy is defined, first of all, by its elements as subjects and objects of public-private partnership, priority spheres of realization. Authors allocate and describe a number of aspects of the mechanism of functioning of public-private partnership, namely: organizational and legal, financial and investment, technical and organizational, regional. In the article, the main problems connected with the development of the mechanism of PPP, including with lack of the description of concrete mechanisms of use of the majority of forms of PPP and lack of regulation of questions of division of powers between public authorities and business are allocated and proved.

Systems Engineering Methodology for Designing Digital Public–Private Partnership Platforms

The modern approach to realization of large, expensive projects with long payback periods in various sectors of infrastructure often involves combining the financial resources of public authorities and the private sector through a public–private partnership (PPP) mechanism. The PPP mechanism has a high potential for attracting investments and facilitating other conditions necessary for the project. At the same time, the project participants need a third-party coordination platform that is objective and able to organize their dialog on equal terms. The authors of this article, for these purposes, consider the capabilities of digital platforms (DP). Digital platforms are able to unite many project participants in a single information field and provide them with the necessary services. Given the potential multitude of participants in such a system, there arises the question of meeting their basic needs to create mutually beneficial conditions during the implementation of projects. Thus, there is a need for flexible DPs. Flexibility can be achieved by using systems engineering (SE) approaches during the design of the DP. The practice of interaction with stakeholders in the framework of systems engineering allows the determination of the basic needs and areas of activity of the participants. The results of this practice will form the basis for the functional and physical design of the future DPs.