International Cooperation Mechanisms Research Articles

Challenges And Solutions in Rare Disease Treatment: Value-Based Healthcare

This study is based on the realities of challenges within the field of rare disease treatment, as well as the concept of value-based healthcare. By analyzing treatment plans, rehabilitative care, cost-sharing, prospects for drug development markets and investment returns, as well as policy support, the paper delves into the complexities and diversities of rare disease treatment. Within the research, the focus is on the challenges of rare disease treatment, leveraging the principles of value-based healthcare. It discusses how personalized treatment plans, interdisciplinary collaboration, and reasonable cost-sharing can enhance patient treatment outcomes and quality of life. The article employs methods such as literature reviews and case analyses to deeply explore and analyze rare disease treatment from various angles. The research findings indicate that personalized treatment plans and interdisciplinary collaboration can significantly enhance treatment outcomes and quality of life for rare disease patients. Reasonable cost-sharing models and trends in drug development markets present opportunities for the sustainable growth of the rare disease field. Additionally, policy support and international cooperation mechanisms play vital roles in advancing rare disease treatment. Based on these research findings, the article proposes future research prospects, including strengthening data collection and analysis, deepening international collaboration, and optimizing drug development strategies.

Transformation of the International Cooperation Mechanisms in the Higher Education System of the Russian Federation Against the Backdrop of Geopolitical Instability

The study of mechanisms for implementing international cooperation in the Russian higher education system in the situation of global digitalization and of the impact of international sanctions in the scientific and educational space is an urgent task in the context of developing a strategy for exporting educational services. The article deals with the issue of transformation of the international cooperation’s goals in higher education, analyzes the consequences of the negative impact of external environment factors and the prospects of further internationalization of universities. The authors propose methodological recommendations for multilevel institutional actors, the implementation of which will contribute to identifying competitive advantages and to increasing the export potential of regional universities as well as to using their experience in international activities, interaction with governmental, scientific, educational and industrial structures.

The Research on the International Police Cooperation Mechanism in Cross-border Cybercrime

With the arrogance of criminals abroad increasing, new cases including overseas fraud, drug smuggling, smuggling, and trafficking of women from various countries are emerging one after another. International police cooperation is inevitably the trend. This article mainly studies the problems in the international police cooperation mechanism, which are manifested in the inadequate establishment and coordination of police agencies. The root problem lies in the differences in legal systems, cultural concepts, and social backgrounds among countries. This paper uses the research method of case analysis to study these problems and contradictions. The main measures are to establish a new seminar mechanism, strengthen the construction of the data information sharing mechanism, and carry out regular exchanges. Therefore, countries can learn from each other, take its essence, and discard its dregs. These measures can achieve consensus on cooperation, achieve multilateral win-win, and make international police cooperation becomes more successfully.

Impact Investing in the Hospitality Industry: Social Responsibility and Economic Benefits

This research investigates the intricacies of impact investing in the hospitality industry and its potential implications for fostering corporate responsibility. The study highlights the pivotal role of impact investing policies in promoting regional economic development and environmental betterment. In the face of pressing global environmental challenges, such as climate change and energy resource scarcity, the study underscores the need for effective measures that positively shape state policy formation. The primary goal of such policy initiatives is to bolster human capital development and ensure the long-term realization of strategic objectives. This holds particular significance for nations with substantial potential in the tourism industry, where the hospitality sector acts as a linchpin for tourism recovery and presents compelling opportunities for impactful investments. As energy shortages and dependence took center stage in 2022, the research calls for the exploration of alternative renewable energy sources and the development of new commodity markets to invigorate energy sector growth. Against the backdrop of the hospitality industry’s post-pandemic resurgence, the integration of impact investing emerges as vital for both developing and developed nations. Given the prevailing global environmental crisis, the study underscores the imperative of effective international cooperation mechanisms to tackle environmental challenges, positioning impact investing as a catalyst for achieving sustainable economic development goals, advancing eco-friendly practices, and addressing global environmental imperatives.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL LEGAL APPROACHES TO THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

In the article, some actual problems of the status of international non-governmental organizations in the theoretical and practical direction are extensively analyzed based on the existing diversity of opinions in the legal literature and international practice. The activity of international non-governmental organizations is already felt in various spheres of international relations, as well as having an important influence. Their activity is accepted not only by the international community, but also by individual states, and at the same time, it also leads to the quick resolution of relevant problems. Furthermore, the creation and operation of international non-governmental organizations are more convenient and easier than international intergovernmental organizations. One of the main features of international non-governmental organizations is characterized by their solving important problems of the international society and international law as a whole, and the activity in this direction is expanding even more. In addition, the role of international non-governmental organizations in the management of international society is strengthened, in other words, they act as the main mechanism of international cooperation and control. The article consists of several interrelated parts. In the introductory part of the article, the main research directions are defined. Then, the relevance, scientific novelty, and purpose of the research are justified by the main characteristics and new approaches of international non-governmental organizations. Then, a basic analysis of the problem is carried out. Finally, the article concludes with a presentation of scientific innovations and important conclusions. Scientific coherence and connections have been established between all parts of the article. What was mentioned was directly reflected in the scientific results. The scientific innovations and results obtained in the article can be defined in the main directions as follows: the need to adopt universal and regional international agreements related to various aspects of the activities of international non-governmental organizations; strengthening of international legal subjectivity of international non-governmental organizations in the system of modern international relations; further activation of the activities of international non-governmental organizations in the process of international law creation; formation of the role of international non-governmental organizations in the law enforcement process; strengthening of cooperation relations between states and international non-governmental organizations; the need to establish close relations of international non-governmental organizations with universal and regional international organizations; strengthening the role of international non-governmental organizations in the international control system; existence of international obligations of international non-governmental organizations; the need to adopt a universal international document in the field of international non-governmental organizations and the approximation of national legislative acts of states.

Regarding the investigation of damage to objects of cultural heritage in the conditions of war

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of investigation of crimes related to cultural values, which is carried out during the war. In the context of military conflict, cultural property is at risk of theft, destruction, trade and illegal transportation. Since these values are an integral part of national heritage and world culture, their protection and restoration are extremely important tasks. The main investigations of crimes related to the sphere of cultural values are considered, such as the formation of a team of specialists, the collection of necessary information, cooperation with international organizations and law enforcement agencies, the conduct of investigations and the collection of necessary information regarding this process. Adherence to the necessary algorithm of actions when working with evidence allows establishing the circumstances contributing to the commission of the crime, including the place, time, method and objects. It helps to understand the full picture of what happened and build a sequence of events. Evidence may point to individuals who may be connected to a cultural property crime. These may include fingerprints, video recordings, witness statements, etc., in particular, lead to identification. Collecting evidence allows you to confirm or deny the guilt of suspects. These may include physical evidence, electronic records, expert reports, etc. that provide an objective basis for deciding whether a person is guilty.
 Attention is drawn to the need for international cooperation for effective identification, investigation, return and restoration of cultural values.The importance of preserving cultural heritage as an element of national and world identity and a positive influence on social development is emphasized. The need to adopt effective legislative measures, create international cooperation mechanisms and raise public awareness of the problem of crimes against cultural values is emphasized.
 In order to eliminate this problem, it is necessary to develop clear recommendations that take into account the peculiarities of the investigation of crimes against cultural values during the war and identify directions for further research in this area. The results of this work can be used to improve the protection of cultural property and bring perpetrators to justice, ensuring the preservation of humanity’s inalienable heritage.

To What Extent Is the Security Dilemma an Inescapable Feature of International Security?

This essay attempts to explore to what extent the security dilemma is an inescapable feature of international security. The three main schools of thought in international relations theory offer different perspectives on this issue. Realism asserts that the security dilemma is entirely inescapable. Liberalism, on the other hand, acknowledges its inescapability but argues that it can be mitigated through international cooperation mechanisms. Constructivism takes a different approach, suggesting that the constructed “security dilemma” can be fundamentally overcome by changing interactive behaviors. While liberalism and constructivism challenge realism’s conclusion, neither perspective can successfully refute the notion that the security dilemma is an inherent feature of international security. Liberalism is more applicable to economic matters and lacks explanatory power in the realm of international security, while constructivism tends to be overly idealistic and lacks the ability to effectively address real-world problems.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN COMBATING CRIMINAL OFFENCES IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATIZATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

Cybercrimes can be committed by criminals anywhere in the world where there is an Internet connection. The negative consequences of cybercrime can be felt outside the country where the criminal lives. The transnational nature of this crime challenges traditional notions of jurisdiction and requires cooperation between criminal justice officials worldwide. The necessity and validity of collaboration within the framework of international organizations are due to the global spread of this type of crime. International cooperation in cybersecurity should be systematic, holistic and consistent. Despite these and other successful joint efforts of the countries, there are currently obstacles standing in the way of international cooperation in the fight against cybercrime. This article discusses the concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction concerning cybercrime, mechanisms of international cooperation, and problems related to the implementation of international collaboration.

Challenges, Opportunities and Future Paths: Environmental Governance of Big Data Initiatives in China

Environmental governance is a common task confronting human society in the 21st century. In recent years, China’s environmental crisis has been alleviated to some extent by the Chinese government’s vigorous regulation. However, as the world factory, China’s total greenhouse gas emissions have ranked first in the world for many years, and China still faces a very huge environmental protection pressure. The degree of informationization of China’s environmental governance must be improved, with particular emphasis on the collection and use of environmental big data to help transform, upgrade, and improve the efficiency of China’s environmental governance. The Chinese government obviously recognizes this and keeps promulgating policy documents related to environmental big data, and there are certain achievements in practice, but it is still in the primary stage of figuring out in general with many imperfections existing. The United States and other countries have more mature experience in the collection and application of environmental big data, which can be an important reference for China. Establishing organizational structures to support the development of environmental big data, striving to form a team of professionals with interdisciplinary knowledge, strengthening relevant legislation for environmental big data, and utilizing international environmental cooperation mechanisms to conduct international cooperation on environmental big data are the areas that China needs to focus on most in the process of improving the collection and use of environmental big data in the future.

Navigating Water Policy: Vietnam's Strategic Shift in the Mekong River Basin (2017-2021)

The historic drought and salinity stress experienced in Vietnam in 2020 starkly demonstrated the criticality of wise water diplomacy for the survival of lower Mekong countries, where the urgent need for water and maintaining natural flow are paramount. Consequently, the period from 2017 to 2021 witnessed a notable shift in Vietnam's water diplomacy, focusing on ensuring water security in the region and responding to the actions of upstream countries. This study examines Vietnam's water diplomacy and its pivotal role in safeguarding water security in the Mekong region during the specified timeframe. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study draws upon expert analyses and scholarly articles to shed light on the significance of water security in Vietnam's foreign policy, the profound impact of climate change and water policies on the nation, and Vietnam's proactive involvement in regional and international cooperation mechanisms. The study emphasizes Vietnam's remarkable adaptability and responsiveness to environmental and global changes, further showcasing the country's remarkable flexibility in its foreign policy pursuits.

Mutual legal assistance and extradition under anti-money laundering laws: a comparative analysis between Palestine and Malaysia

PurposeThe global cooperation and cooperation between nations at differing stages in anti-money laundering (AML) is critical. To improve the effectiveness of international cooperation in AML, it is essential to diversify international cooperation mechanisms and improve the capacity of law enforcement officers in the field of preventing this crime. This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of mutual legal assistance (MLA) and extradition within the AML legal framework in Palestine and Malaysia. It investigates the gaps and weaknesses in Palestine’s AML legal framework and offers recommendations to address them.Design/methodology/approachThe present paper is solely legal. The method adopted in this research paper is qualitative research with an emphasis on the doctrinal mechanism. As a result, it concentrates on procedures, protocols, legislation and policies.FindingsThe Malaysian AML legal framework offers a clearer and more comprehensive framework for MLAs and extradition than the Palestinian AML legal framework. This framework is supported by laws that meet the basic requirements to support the issues of AML international cooperation. Both countries agree that the absence of a “bilateral or multilateral agreement” is not considered a reason for rejecting international cooperation in the field of AML with foreign countries. Moreover, the Malaysian AML legal framework divides the roles well between the law enforcement agencies and the competent authorities competing to Palestine.Originality/valueThis paper would be beneficial for the Palestinian legislative, policymakers and law enforcement agencies to make international cooperation, especially with MLAs and extradition effective.

RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION MECHANISM BETWEEN CHINA AND UZBEKISTAN UNDER THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

Affected by the COVID-19, the global industrial chain supply chain will show a certain degree of contraction in the future for a long period of time, so international and regional economic cooperation will become more important. Under the "the Belt and Road" initiative, the construction of the economic cooperation mechanism between China and Uzbekistan has good conditions, but also faces various problems, including the differences in the economic systems of the two countries, how Uzbekistan formulates development strategies in the new period and improves its infrastructure. The problems faced by China and Uzbekistan in the construction of their economic cooperation mechanism should be solved under the framework of the "the Belt and Road" international economic cooperation. The construction of their trade cooperation mechanism can also be strengthened by increasing exports to China and improving the trade structure. The docking with the Eurasian Economic Union and other multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms should also be strengthened. This typical case provides enlightenment on how to strengthen the construction of international economic cooperation mechanism under the framework of the "the Belt and Road".

International Cooperation Mechanism for Punishing Piracy between Pakistan and China

The goal of this study is to examine the effective international system between Pakistan and China for the elimination of piracy. From the standpoint of general international law, this study investigates these processes concerning the crimes of robbery and piracy at the ocean. This study examines the relevance of the procedures placed on the continental strategy, with a focus on the form of such offenses. From the standpoint of global public international law, this study investigates such processes concerning the crimes of robbery and piracy at the ocean. This study demonstrates the relevance of the processes placed on the continental strategy, with special emphasis on the form of such crimes. Countries have evolved to build systems of multilateral community to be executed in the disputed sea since marine criminal actions are increasingly perpetrated beyond boundaries. It concludes that given the aforementioned legislative framework, nations are free to achieve diverse goals like ensuring navigational safety, preserving stability, or defending economic growth. Nevertheless, this does not substantially change the character of the zonal method. However, establishing a conversation platform among coastlines and user states improves marine control of maritime borders.

Chinese Media Representation of the SCO: A Study of People’s Daily and Global Times

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is one of the first international organizations in which the PRC played a key role. However, according to some researchers, over the past 20 years the Chinese leadership’s interest in this mechanism of international cooperation has decreased. This article explores the place of the SCO in Chinese foreign policy by analyzing the representation of this organization in the PRC’s media - Chinese-language publications in the newspapers People’s Daily and Global Times , which both belong to the Chinese Communist Party. Such focus allows better understanding the value of the SCO to China and its position vis-á-vis other Chinese initiatives in Central Asia. The authors use methods of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, namely counting the frequency of single words, identifying and counting the most common frames, and discussing the ways these frames are constructed. Frame analysis demonstrates that the articles focus on the achievements of the SCO in solving regional problems, while existing difficulties are ignored. The SCO is represented as an important element of China’s foreign policy, along with the Belt and Road Initiative, while the details of their interaction are not discussed. It should also be mentioned that the SCO is framed as an association of countries opposing Western hegemonism and advocating a new system of international relations. An extremely positive representation of the SCO serves legitimation of the political regime in the PRC: the articles focus on China’s role as a leader in the SCO and its successes in addressing domestic problems, such as poverty reduction and fighting the coronavirus infection. This narrative is often created by quoting the opinions of high-level foreign politicians and average citizens.

The COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain: international cooperation patterns and influence mechanism

PurposeThe aim of this study is to undertake a systematic analysis of the supply chain literature to uncover the changes and patterns of international cooperation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the information on supply chain-related publications in the Web of Science (WOS) database is analyzed using statistical techniques and visual approaches. The focus is on the five countries with the highest number of supply chain publications, accounting for approximately 70% of global publications. This in-depth analysis aims to provide a clearer understanding of the cooperation patterns and their impact on the supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe results of the study reveal that the growth rate of international cooperation in supply chain research during the COVID-19 pandemic is higher compared to the 5-year and 10-year periods before the pandemic. This suggests that the pandemic has not hindered international cooperation in the field, but instead has increased collaboration. In terms of international cooperation patterns, the findings indicate that China and the USA have a strong partnership, with China being the largest partner for the USA and vice versa. The UK's largest partner is China, India's largest partner is the UK and Italy's largest partner is also the UK. This implies that trade, rather than the pandemic, is a determining factor in supply chain research.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examines the patterns of international cooperation in supply chain research during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing insights into the changes and mechanisms of international cooperation in this field. Moreover, the results of this study may offer practical benefits for supply chain operators and managers. By providing a deeper understanding of the international cooperation patterns in the field, this research could contribute to the recovery and growth of the global supply chain.Social implicationsThis study's analysis of the impact of crisis events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on international cooperation in supply chain research contributes to the theoretical development of the field. Additionally, by examining how academia responds to emergencies, it provides valuable insights for operations and supply chain managers in their pursuit of more effective supply chain management.Originality/valueThis study provides a preliminary examination of the international cooperation patterns of supply chain research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, representing a novel and early contribution to the existing literature, helping to expand upon current understanding in the field and provide a more comprehensive perspective. Furthermore, this study offers a practical analysis strategy for future supply chain research, fostering progress and growth in the field.

Modern Diplomats: Agents, Experts, and Policy Entrepreneurs

The article analyzes changes in the conditions of functioning of modern diplomatic services and their impact on the functions of diplomats and ways of achieving foreign policy goals, in particular in the field of multilateral diplomatic interactions. New telecommunication tools, the multiplicity of information sources and the growing frequency of direct interactions between governments and societies increase the requirements for diplomats. The role of diplomats as agents-intermediaries is losing its importance, while their role as the creators of cooperation in the implementation of international public policies is gaining importance. The author shows how changes in communication technologies lead to a decline in the importance of simple data collection. On the other hand, the strong interdependence of economic and social processes, external and domestic changes increases the degree of uncertainty of diplomats’ activities and opens the field for diplomats who are able to create international policies and international cooperation mechanisms.

Carbon pricing world wide

The article deals with the features of existing carbon pricing policies in different countries. While some countries have only a carbon tax and others a cap-and-trade system, there are jurisdictions that combine them. The differences in the existing cap-and-trade systems and carbon taxes in selected countries — both in terms of sectors and emissions covered, as well as carbon prices are shown. As it appeared to be at least 70 different carbon pricing initiatives at the national and subnational levels, they cover less than ¼ of global GHG emissions. Examples of fuel excise tax — still most common indirect carbon pricing mechanism in the world — are highlighted. The assessment by international organizations and national agencies of effective carbon rates are given, which vary by countries and potential effects for the global decarbonization. According to the working assumption, effective climate change policies must include a mix of regulatory actions combining restrictions and control over emissions as well as economic incentives. This article describes mechanisms of bilateral and international cooperation on emission pricing and provides examples of voluntary standards for verification and validation of climate change projects. Despite proposals of different international organizations, there has been no agreement so far on an international carbon price floor. However, in 2021, negotiators closed a deal setting global rules for carbon markets, allowing countries that have emission units to trade them. The world’s first major carbon border tax — a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will introduce a carbon price on certain products imported into the EU.

Сlimate change: environmental and legal components

The author analyzes the important aspects of the reform of the international legal framework in countering climate change. Currently this issue arises as one of the most controversial in the international community. The problematic of the research explained that the existence of humanity and all life on the planet was under threat. The research work analyzes the prospects of practical improvement of international climate cooperation mechanism and describes the main aspects of the effectiveness the international legal instrumental and institutional climate mechanism. The key task of the research work is to analyze the theoretical and legal rules for the functioning of international legal mechanism in combating climate change.

The Role of the far Eastern Macroregion of Russia in Keeping the Economic Potential with the Countries of the Asian Region

The Russian Federation in the current conditions is intensively developing foreign economic relations with many countries of the Asian continent, and the Far Eastern macroregion is entrusted with solving a number of tasks that contribute to ensuring the spatial development of the country. For the further development of relations, it is necessary to take into account the current trends in the development of countries, including their new integration formats of interaction on the Asian continent. The subject of the study is to determine the main trends in Russia's international interaction with the countries of the Asian region in the context of global political events. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of the socio-economic development of the Far East, which acts as a key component in the development of interaction with Asian countries, and to find ways to solve them. The methodological basis of the study is the following methods of scientific knowledge: comparative and contrastive analysis, the method of analogies and the hypothetical-deductive method. The scientific novelty of the article includes the author's conclusions about the main problems that significantly reduce the effectiveness and limit the potential of the mechanism of international cooperation under consideration. The results of the study can be used by the authorities for foreign economic activity in the context of the development of the Far Eastern macroregion.

International Cooperation to Combat Cross-Border Telecom Fraud Crimes: an Examination of Cooperation between China and Myanmar

In response to the increasingly rampant transnational Telecom fraud crimes between China and Myanmar, China and Myanmar have launched wide-ranging law enforcement cooperation on the basis of existing international cooperation mechanisms and have achieved remarkable results. However, on the one hand, the complex social situation in Myanmar has resulted in discrepancy in law enforcement capacity between China and Myanmar. On the other hand, the mechanism of law enforcement cooperation between China and Myanmar is not yet developed. Moreover, the judicial cooperation is still in a state of absence. These factors have brought challenges to China and Myanmar in combating cross-border crimes. China and Myanmar should seize the opportunity of jointly combating Telecom fraud crimes to deepen the international cooperation in the field of nontraditional security.