Hunger Mechanisms Research Articles

Some basic mechanisms of hunger satiety.

Some basic mechanisms of hunger satiety.

Studies on the gastric hunger mechanism

1. Evidence is provided confirming previous observations that dextrose solutions (ten, twenty, twenty-five per cent) placed in the stomach inhibit hunger contractions and that the appearance of gastric motility is not always associated with a drop in blood sugar.

Studies on the gastric hunger mechanism

Studies on the gastric hunger mechanism

COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GASTRIC HUNGER MECHANISM

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 34, Issue 1 p. 55-272 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GASTRIC HUNGER MECHANISM Thomas L. Patterson, Thomas L. PattersonSearch for more papers by this author Thomas L. Patterson, Thomas L. PattersonSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1932 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1932.tb56974.xCitations: 10 To this paper hah awarded the A. Cressy Morrison Prize in Experimental Biology for 1931 by The New York Academy of Sciences. Its publication has been made possible through grants from the income of the Esther Herrman, the John Strong Newberry, the Centennial Endowment, and the Ralph W. Tower Memorial Funds. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume34, Issue1March 1932Pages 55-272 RelatedInformation

The Gastric Hunger Mechanism. II. The Effect of Diet.

Conclusions(1) The response of the stomach to Insulin hypo-glucemia by hypermotility is dependent upon the presence in the diet of a sufficient amount of a yeast or vegetable factor, probably vitamin B. (2) A diet lacking this factor increases the resistance of the animal to the hypoglucemic effects of insulin, and to the convulsive effects of hypoglucemia. (3) The observation of Simici, Guirea and Dimitriu,' that insulin injected intravenously depresses the stomach of man, is confirmed for the dog.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE STOMACH

The hunger mechanism is a local mechanism within the stomach itself, subject to central regulation. A great accumulation of well established data points to the fact that hunger is a sensation produced by an increase in intragastric tension.1This is produced by characteristic contractions of the empty or nearly empty stomach beginning in the fundic region. Physical attitudes and local pathologic conditions, as ulcer or pyloric constriction, interpret tension as pain.2 Stomach activity is influenced by peripheral nervous control.3The vagus nerve carries impulses stimulating tone and peristalsis; the splanchnics contain inhibitory fibers. By these two paths central action is exerted. It has been found, however, that with both vagi and splanchnics sectioned the stomach regains the tone temporarily lost, and the typical muscular activity of the stomach is resumed. This suggests a mechanism inherent in the stomach itself which regulates motor activity. The anatomic basis of such a system

The hunger mechanism in birds. (Preliminary report.)

Both normal and decerebrate pigeons have been used in this study. Hunger is marked by the appearance of restlessness. This restlessness appears before the crop is completely empty. Lack of water even though the crop be distended with dry food is marked by restlessness of the bird. These things are true of birds with cerebrum intact, partially, or wholly removed. During hunger, changes occur in the behavior of the crop. In the normal bird with “appetite”(?) satisfied or at least in the bird which does not of its own accord eat of an abundant food supply, the crop is very much distended. In this condition only occasional contractions of the organ can be detected by means of a rubber balloon; none are visible to the eye (after removal of the feathers over the crop). An hour or two after feeding there begins to appear in the crop contractions in groups of three or four at intervals of 15-20 minutes. The activity of the crop is gradually augmented and 8-12 hours later there occur groups of 8-20 contractions at intervals of 10-30 minutes. Still later in some birds (probably young) the crop is in a state of almost continuous activity. When the content of the crop has been lessened to about one third of its capacity these contractions are directly visible. At this time they may be seen to involve principally the lower part of the crop. When it is completely empty these contractions are periodic in groups of 8-16 occurring at intervals of 10-60 minutes. Each contraction may be seen to begin at the upper part of the crop and sweep as a deep constriction, preceded by a marked bulging or relaxation, over the entire crop (and probably down to the gizzard).