1. The effectiveness and rate of electrospark alloying with carbides of the transition metals depend upon the ductile binder content of the carbide materials. 2. For the composites investigated the highest values of coefficient of transfer are recorded at a Ni or Co content of 20–26% and an Fe content of 30–35%. 3. The results of our experimental and theoretical studies have made it possible to explain qualitatively the mechanism by which composite materials disintegrate during spark alloying, introduce the concept of the critical interlayer thickness which controls the mode of crack propagation, and propose a mechanism of discharge energy redistribution.