Mechanisms Of Diabetes Remission Research Articles

Global research trends of diabetes remission: a bibliometric study.

Research on diabetes remission has garnered prominence in recent years. However, to date, no pertinent bibliometric study has been published. This study sought to elucidate the current landscape and pinpoint potential new research directions through a bibliometric analysis of diabetes remission. We perused relevant articles on diabetes remission from January 1, 2000, to April 16, 2023, in the Web of Science. We utilized CiteSpace software and VOSviewer software to construct knowledge maps and undertake analysis of countries, institutional affiliations, author contributions, journals, and keywords. This analysis facilitated the identification of current research foci and forecasting future trends. A total of 970 English articles were procured, and the annual publication volume manifested a steady growth trend. Most of the articles originated from America (n=342, 35.26%), succeeded by China and England. Pertaining to institutions, the University of Newcastle in England proliferated the most articles (n=36, 3.71%). Taylor R authored the most articles (n=35, 3.61%), and his articles were also the most co-cited (n=1756 times). Obesity Surgery dominated in terms of published articles (n=81, 8.35%). "Bariatric surgery" was the most prevalently used keyword. The keyword-clustering map revealed that the research predominantly centered on diabetes remission, type 1 diabetes, bariatric surgery, and lifestyle interventions. The keyword emergence and keyword time-zone maps depicted hotspots and shifts in the domain of diabetes remission. Initially, the hotspots were primarily fundamental experiments probing the feasibilities and mechanisms of diabetes remission, such as transplantation. Over the course, the research trajectory transitioned from basic to clinical concerning diabetes remission through bariatric surgery, lifestyle interventions, and alternative strategies. Over the preceding 20 years, the domain of diabetes remission has flourished globally. Bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions bestow unique advantages for diabetes remission. Via the maps, the developmental milieu, research foci, and avant-garde trends in this domain are cogently portrayed, offering guidance for scholars.

Regulation of Pancreatic TXNIP-Insulin Expression Levels after Bariatric Surgery Using Diabetic Rodent Model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on pancreatic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and insulin expression levels. The research question is does bariatric surgery induce changes in the pancreatic TXNIP level, given that TXNIP has been proposed as a key glucose control factor? Using nondiabetic and diabetic rats, we investigated whether our streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models exhibited changes in pancreatic TXNIP regulation. Following this confirmation, we randomly divided the diabetic rats into the following three groups: the gastric bypass group (n = 16), pair-fed group (n = 10), and sham group (n = 10). Preoperatively and 3 weeks postoperatively, all the rats underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and blood sampling procedures for hormonal analysis. The TXNIP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels were significantly lower in the gastric bypass group than in the other groups. Regarding the gastric bypass group, the pancreatic mRNA expression levels of microRNA-204 (miR-204) and MafA were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than in the other groups. Furthermore, the levels of pancreatic insulin expression at the mRNA and protein levels were also significantly higher in the gastric bypass group than in the other groups. Bariatric surgery significantly improved glucose control and regulated the pancreatic insulin production pathways of TXNIP, miR-204, and MafA. The regulation of TXNIP, miR-204, and MafA might play an important role in the mechanism of diabetes remission following bariatric surgery.

58-OR: Remission of Prediabetes upon Weight Loss Depends on Insulin Sensitivity

The Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS) - a multicenter study conducted by the German Center for Diabetes Research - showed that intensified compared to conventional lifestyle intervention led to higher probability to normalize glucose regulation. Here, we examined clinical traits determining remission of prediabetes in PLIS participants with a clinically relevant weight loss of ≥5% of their initial body weight after 12 months of lifestyle intervention. Of 11participants, 298 achieved a weight loss of ≥5 %. We classified individuals as responders, who returned to normal glucose regulation by fasting glucose, 2h OGTT plasma glucose and HbA1c (n=128) and compared them to non-responders (n =170) . There were no differences in BMI change (-3.43 ±2.02 kg/m2 in responders, -2.83 ±1.37 in non-responders, p = 0.68) , whole body fat mass loss (6.7 ± 4.9 l vs. 5.9 ±4.5, p = 0.25) or reduction in liver fat (6.1 ±6.3 percentage points vs. 6.6 ±6.4, p = 0.59) . Similarly, there was no difference in change of insulin secretion between responders and non-responders. In contrast, responders improved insulin sensitivity significantly more than non-responders (Insulin Sensitivity Index +4.5 ±4.7, vs. +2.3 ±3.1, p < 0.01) . We conclude that, in prediabetes, weight loss induced return to normal glucose regulation primarily depends on improvements in insulin sensitivity, contrasting recently reported mechanisms of diabetes remission. Disclosure A.Sandforth: None. K.D.Lange: None. R.Wagner: Advisory Panel; Akcea Therapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Speaker's Bureau; Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. German center for diabetes research: n/a. A.F.Pfeiffer: None. M.Roden: Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Nutricia, Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk. A.Fritsche: Advisory Panel; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH. R.Jumpertz von schwartzenberg: None. A.L.Birkenfeld: None.

Bariatric Surgery and the Mechanism of Diabetes Remission: Are We Getting There?

The worldwide obesity epidemic and its accompanying pathologies of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease have underscored the need for effective weight-lossstrategies(1).Despiteintensiveeffortsandnumerousemergingfindings,reliableandsafepharmacological approaches that are able to effectively decrease body weight and maintain this reduction in the long run remain elusive.Bariatricsurgeryremainstheonlystrategyproven to achieve and sustain significant weight loss in patients with more severe degrees of obesity (2, 3). These procedures not only markedly reduce body weight but also radically improve diabetes control or lead to its complete remission in a high percentage of patients. Although clear metabolic improvements are evident in all patients after bariatric surgery, different types of operations appear to vary in the rate of diabetes remission as well as in the timing of metabolic improvements (4). Traditional classification of bariatric operations into restrictiveandmalabsorptiveisnowconsideredinadequateby some leaders in the field (4). Yet it still provides a basis to understand the degree of alteration in gastrointestinal tract anatomy and the mechanism of weight-loss achievement. In restrictive procedures, such as gastric banding, gastric plication,andsleevegastrectomy,decreasedfoodintakeandlongtermweightlossareachievedmainlybyconstrictingstomach size without further modifications of gastrointestinal anatomy.Inthemostmalabsorptiveprocedures(eg,biliopancreatic diversion, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]), stomach size is also partially restricted, and a direct connection of the stomach and the lower part of the small intestine is created. Bypass of a significant portion of the intestine then leads to decreased absorption of nutrients, resulting in weight loss. The rate of diabetes remission after different types of bari

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission and Role of Gut Hormones

In obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Roux-en-Y-gastric-bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SLG) improve glycemic control. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of surgery-induced T2DM improvement and role of gastrointestinal hormones. PATIENTS, SETTING, AND INTERVENTION: In 35 patients with T2DM, we performed a mixed-meal test before and 15 days and 1 year after surgery (23 RYGB and 12 SLG). Insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and amylin, ghrelin, PYY, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses to the meal were measured. T2DM remission occurred in 13 patients undergoing RYGB and in 7 patients undergoing SLG. Similarly in the RYGB and SLG groups, β-cell glucose sensitivity improved both early and long term (P < .005), whereas insulin sensitivity improved long term only (P < .006), in proportion to body mass index changes (P < .001). Early after RYGB, glucagon and GLP-1 responses to the meal increased, whereas the PP response decreased. At 1 year, PYY was increased, and PP, amylin, ghrelin, and GLP-1 were reduced. After SLG, hormonal responses were similar to those with RYGB except that PP was increased, whereas amylin was unchanged. In remitters, fasting GLP-1 was higher (P = .04), but its meal response was flat compared with that of nonremitters; postsurgery, however, the GLP-1 response was higher. Other hormone responses were similar between the 2 groups. In logistic regression, presurgery β-cell glucose sensitivity (positive, P < .0001) and meal-stimulated GLP-1 response (negative, P = .004) were the only predictors of remission. RYGB and SLG have a similar impact on diabetes remission, of which baseline β-cell glucose sensitivity and a restored GLP-1 response are the chief determinants. Other hormonal responses are the consequences of the altered gastrointestinal anatomy.

Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost Effectiveness of Metabolic Surgery in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic surgery is a field of active investigation and development. The extraordinary results obtained in diabetic patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2 have led investigators to query if similar results could be achieved in patients with BMI < 35 kg/m2. A few studies have been recently conducted to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of bariatric surgery in diabetic patients with BMI BMI < 35 kg/m2. However, stronger evidence would be required before insurance coverage is extended for bariatric surgery to all type 2 diabetic patients, in addition to those with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 for whom eligibility is already established. In addition, the hormonal and metabolic mechanisms of diabetes remission after gastrointestinal surgery are yet to be determined. This paper will review the evidence about safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes mellitus remission and the potential socioeconomic impact of offering bariatric surgery to diabetic patients with BMI BMI < 35 kg/m2.

Minireview: Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission after Gastrointestinal Surgery

Minireview: Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission after Gastrointestinal Surgery

Minireview: Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission after Gastrointestinal Surgery

Minireview: Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission after Gastrointestinal Surgery