Mechanisms Of Biomineralization Research Articles

Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature.

The process and mechanism of biomineralization and relevant physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are remarkably sophisticated multidisciplinary fields that include biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. The components of the organic matter, structural construction of minerals, and related mechanical interaction, etc., could help to reveal the unique nature of the special mineralization process. Herein, the paper provides an overview of the biomineralization process from the perspective of molecular vibrational spectroscopy, including the physicochemical properties of biomineralized tissues, from physiological to applied mineralization. These physicochemical characteristics closely to the hierarchical mineralization process include biological crystal defects, chemical bonding, atomic doping, structural changes, and content changes in organic matter, along with the interface between biocrystals and organic matter as well as the specific mechanical effects for hardness and toughness. Based on those observations, the special physiological properties of mineralization for enamel and bone, as well as the possible mechanism of pathological mineralization and calcification such as atherosclerosis, tumor micro mineralization, and urolithiasis are also reviewed and discussed. Indeed, the clearly defined physicochemical properties of mineral crystals could pave the way for studies on the mechanisms and applications.

Intracellular Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation Induces Tunable Anisotropic Nanocrystal Growth for Multidimensional Analysis

AbstractSpatially directed biomineralization of nanocrystals for specific optical purposes in biological systems and elucidation of the mechanism of biomineralized nanocrystals remains a fascinating but extremely challenging task. Herein, the biomineralization of tunable gold nanocrystals with in situ protein coronas by intracellular liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) for in situ molecule surface‐enhanced Raman spectrum (SERS) analysis and tumor fluorescence identification. The anisotropic nanocrystals are realized by regulating LLPS, in which the nucleation of nanocrystals is at the protein secondary structural site (β‐Corner) of the droplet, the different adsorption energies of crystal surfaces further promote the directional growth of nanocrystals. Interestingly, gold nanocrystals with ultra‐narrow fluorescence emission at half‐peak width and ultra‐long Stokes shift and can obtain in situ molecular fingerprint information of protein corona to achieve by SERS. Of note are the anisotropic nanocrystals to differentiate clinical patient tumor tissue samples. Therefore, this study reveals the mechanism of intracellular tunable nanocrystal biomineralization and provides the basis for its biomedical application.

MiR-10a-3p Participates in Nacre Formation in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii by Targeting NPY.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression via the recognition of their target messenger RNAs. MiR-10a-3p plays an important role in the process of ossification. In this study, we obtained the precursor sequence of miR-10a-3p in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii (Pm-miR-10a-3p) and verified its sequence by miR-RACE technology, and detected its expression level in the mantle tissues of the pearl oyster P. f. martensii. Pm-nAChRsα and Pm-NPY were identified as the potential target genes of Pm-miR-10a-3p. After the over-expression of Pm-miR-10a-3p, the target genes Pm-nAChRsα and Pm-NPY were downregulated, and the nacre microstructure became disordered. The Pm-miR-10a-3p mimic obviously inhibited the luciferase activity of the 3' untranslated region of the Pm-NPY gene. When the interaction site was mutated, the inhibitory effect disappeared. Our results suggested that Pm-miR-10a-3p participates in nacre formation in P. f. martensii by targeting Pm-NPY. This study can expand our understanding of the mechanism of biomineralization in pearl oysters.

Microbial biomineralization under extreme conditions: Case study of basaltic rocks, Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and others) are considered to be the pioneers of the settlement under extreme conditions and take an active part in biomineralization and soil formation. We studied biofilms and for the first time identified the presence of microbial biomineralization in extreme conditions of Tolbachik Volcano area, Russia. Rock samples with lichen / cyanobacteria biofilms were studied by a complex of methods (optical and scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). We found that the acidic environment of biofilms favor oxalate biomineralization under the action of lichens and suppresses the carbonate biomineralization under the action of cyanobacteria. Calcium (whewellite, Ca(C2O4)·H2O, and weddellite, Ca(C2O4)·(2.5-x)H2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25)) and copper oxalates (moolooite, Cu(C2O4)·nH2O) were found in lichen biofilms. Direct relationship between the age of lichen and intense of biomineralization was discovered. It was shown that the lichens not only extract calcium and heavy metals (Cu, Pb) from the basaltic rock (both in situ and from weathered particles of the same rock brought by the wind) but increase their content in biofilm. The lichen species Psilolechia leprosa, Sarcogyne hypophaea, Rinodina cf. gennarii, and Ochrolechia subplicans subsp. subplicans can form oxalates. It was also found that (1) calcium and copper oxalates can be localized in the same lichen, (2) the species producing oxalic acid do not always produce oxalates and (3) the ratio of whewellite and weddellite formed by the same species lichen can vary significantly. Obtained results show high abundancy of biomineralization in terrestrial environment, including extreme and provide some insights into mechanisms of microbial biomineralization.

First paleoproteome study of fossil fish otoliths and the pristine preservation of the biomineral crystal host

Otoliths are calcium carbonate components of the stato-acoustical organ responsible for hearing and maintenance of the body balance in teleost fish. During their formation, control over, e.g., morphology and carbonate polymorph is influenced by complex insoluble collagen-like protein and soluble non-collagenous protein assemblages; many of these proteins are incorporated into their aragonite crystal structure. However, in the fossil record these proteins are considered lost through diagenetic processes, hampering studies of past biomineralization mechanisms. Here we report the presence of 11 fish-specific proteins (and several isoforms) in Miocene (ca. 14.8–14.6 Ma) phycid hake otoliths. These fossil otoliths were preserved in water-impermeable clays and exhibit microscopic and crystallographic features indistinguishable from modern representatives, consistent with an exceptionally pristine state of preservation. Indeed, these fossil otoliths retain ca. 10% of the proteins sequenced from modern counterparts, including proteins specific to inner ear development, such as otolin-1-like proteins involved in the arrangement of the otoliths into the sensory epithelium and otogelin/otogelin-like proteins that are located in the acellular membranes of the inner ear in modern fish. The specificity of these proteins excludes the possibility of external contamination. Identification of a fraction of identical proteins in modern and fossil phycid hake otoliths implies a highly conserved inner ear biomineralization process through time.

Matrix is everywhere: extracellular DNA is a link between biofilm and mineralization in Bacillus cereus planktonic lifestyle

To date, the mechanisms of biomineralization induced by bacterial cells in the context of biofilm formation remain the subject of intensive studies. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the medium components on the induction of CaCO3 precipitation by the Bacillus cereus cells and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) formed in the submerged culture. While the accumulation of extracellular polysaccharides and amyloids appeared to be independent of the presence of calcium and urea during the growth, the accumulation of extracellular DNA (eDNA), as well as precipitation of calcium carbonate, required the presence of both ingredients in the medium. Removal of eDNA, which was sensitive to treatment by DNase, did not affect other matrix components but resulted in disruption of cell network formation and a sixfold decrease in the precipitate yield. An experiment with a cell-free system confirmed the acceleration of mineral formation after the addition of exogenous salmon sperm DNA. The observed pathway for the formation of CaCO3 minerals in B. cereus planktonic culture included a production of exopolysaccharides and negatively charged eDNA lattice promoting local Ca2+ supersaturation, which, together with an increase in the concentration of carbonate ions due to pH rise, resulted in the formation of an insoluble precipitate of calcium carbonate. Precipitation of amorphous CaCO3 on eDNA matrix was followed by crystal formation via the ACC-vaterite-calcite/aragonite pathway and further formation of larger mineral aggregates in complex with extracellular polymeric substances. Taken together, our data showed that DNA in extracellular matrix is an essential factor for triggering the biomineralization in B. cereus planktonic culture.

In vitro degradation and corrosion evaluations of plasma electrolytic oxidized Mg–Zn–Ca–Si alloys for biomedical applications

Biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic coatings were prepared on self-designed Mg-2.0Zn-0.6Ca-xSi alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The effect of calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) on alloy microstructure and coating formation and biomineralization mechanisms were discussed. The in vitro bioactivity and degradability of CaP coatings were evaluated by immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions and trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) buffer, respectively. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings, depositions and corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The electrochemical corrosion behavior of alloys and coatings was investigated using the electrochemical workstation. Results showed that the shape, quantity, size and distribution of second phases can be changed by the simultaneously addition of Ca and Si in Mg–Zn–Ca–Si alloys. The Si content in Mg-2.0Zn-0.6Ca-xSi alloy should not be higher than 0.8 wt%. The microstructure of Mg-2.0Zn-0.6Ca-xSi alloys can influence the formation and growth of PEO coating by altering the spark discharge characteristics. The plasma electrolytic oxidized Mg-2.0Zn-0.6Ca-0.8Si has potential to be served as biodegradable bone implant and cardiovascular stent.

Genome-wide association study analysis to resolve the key regulatory mechanism of biomineralization in Pinctada fucata martensii.

Biomineralization-controlled exo-/endoskeleton growth contributes to body growth and body size diversity. Molluscan shells undergo ectopic biomineralization to form the exoskeleton and biocalcified "pearl" involved in invading defence. Notably, exo-/endoskeletons have a common ancestral origin, but their regulation and body growth are largely unknown. This study employed the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata marntensii, a widely used experimental model for biomineralization in invertebrates, to perform whole-genome resequencing of 878 individuals from wild and breeding populations. This study characterized the genetic architecture of biomineralization-controlled growth and ectopic biomineralization. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) endocrine signal interacted with ancient single-copy transcription factors to form the regulatory network. Moreover, the "cross-phylum" regulation of key long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in bivalves and mammals indicated the conserved genetic and epigenetic regulation in exo-/endoskeleton growth. Thyroid hormone signal and apoptosis regulation in pearl oysters affected ectopic biomineralization in pearl oyster. These findings provide insights into the mechanism underlying the evolution and regulation of biomineralization in exo-/endoskeleton animals and ectopic biomineralization.

Synchrotron Radiation μ-XRF Imaging Reveals Mn Zoning in Freshwater Pearls

Chemical zoning is commonly seen in inorganic minerals, and it holds implications for magmatic processes, hydrothermal evolution, or metal mineralization. However, few studies are available on oscillatory zoning in biominerals, which carries the most direct and unique information on the biomineralization mechanism. This study investigates spatial and temporal resolution of trace element distributions in pearls that were cultivated in the Hyriopsis cumingii mantle (non-nucleated pearls and nucleated Akoya pearls) or visceral mass (nucleated Edison pearls) for 1–5 years. Using synchrotron radiation micro-X-ray fluorescence imaging, we find a variety of trace elements such as Sc, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ge, and Ba. The types of trace elements are slightly different for individuals. For the first time, submillimeter-scale Mn zoning is identified ubiquitously, concentric with the pearl, and exhibits increased concentrations toward the pearl margin. In non-nucleated pearls and nucleated Akoya pearls, the Mn zones are superposed with a spatially damped pattern with a decrease in the interzones. In contrast, no damped trends are observed in the Mn zones in nucleated Edison pearls. This difference may be due to different cultivation sites within mollusks that have different requirements for Mn during pearl growth. We suggest a growth model of dissipative structure for the Mn zoning in pearls, which depends upon the coupling between the interface kinetics and the diffusion of chemical species in the environment. The trace elements (including Mn) substitute Ca in aragonite isomorphically, based on Raman imaging. The scanning electron microscopy images show a periodic structure of aragonite platelets and organic matter of pearls. Locally in the Mn zones, there are minor defects on platelets, which may arise from the enrichment of trace elements. This study would develop a new research field for chemical zoning in minerals and introduce a new angle in understanding trace element incorporation in biominerals and the biomineralization processes.

Coherent tracer correlations in deep-sea corals and implications for biomineralization mechanisms underlying vital effects

Deep-sea corals are a useful archive of thermocline, intermediate, and deep waters in past oceans. However, application of traditional oceanographic tracers to deep-sea corals remains a challenge due to our insufficient understanding of their “vital effects”. Deep-sea corals are ideal test organisms to study the mechanism underlying vital effects generally, due to the large tracer gradients in individual corals living under relatively constant environmental conditions. Lessons learned from these corals might apply to other scleractinia and to marine calcifiers more generally. Here we present stable isotope, minor and trace metal (Me/Ca ratios) data in a suite of modern Desmophyllum dianthus specimens, collected over multiple spatial scales in individual corals (bulk, micromill, SIMS, NanoSIMS), with multi-proxy analyses made on the same material whenever possible. Spatially coherent Me/Ca correlations are observed in the fibrous aragonite of individual corals, including positive correlations between Mg/Ca, Li/Ca and B/Ca, as well as negative correlations between Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, consistent with previous studies. We also for the first time document strong correlations between the isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) and elemental compositions of the skeletons, most notably a negative correlation between δ18O and Mg/Ca. The centers of calcification (COCs) in the coral skeletons show distinct tracer correlations from the aragonite fibers that possibly reflect a more complicated formation mechanism. We interpret the spatially coherent tracer correlations in deep-sea corals with a numerical model of coral calcification previously developed for stable isotopes that considers the role of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the calcification processs. With the carbonate chemistry in the model constrained by the stable isotope data, we are able to explain the observed Me/Ca correlations as well as their range of variability, as a result of internal pH elevation in the extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) of the corals with limited Ca-pumping through the calicoblastic membrane. In particular, the positive Mg/Ca–B/Ca correlation in the fibrous aragonite suggests a borate (B(OH)4–) substitution for carbonate ion (CO32–) incorporation mechanism in biogenic aragonite. We also suggest the growth rate dependence of the incorporation of minor and trace elements based conceptually on an ion-by-ion growth model may help explain the absolute Me/Ca values in biogenic aragonites. Finally, we generally find more limited tracer variability in corals from undersaturated seawater compared to their counterparts from supersaturated conditions, suggesting a limit to their internal pH elevation in response to this environmental stress. Understanding the biomineralization mechanisms underlying the vital effects is important for better use of these tracers for paleoceanographic applications, and may shed light on the response of marine calcification to future ocean acidification.

Biomineralization inspired crystal growth for biomimetic materials preparation

Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms fabricate biominerals by regulating their nucleation, growth and assembly. This process inspires many biomimetic mineralization strategies for functional materials preparation. In this review, the biomineralization and related crystallization mechanisms are briefly introduced. We focus on introducing the recently developed strategies for biomimetic mineralization, as well as the biomimetic materials, including structural materials, medical materials and organism-material hybrids. We highlight the important role of biomineralization mechanisms on the synthesizing and design of novel materials, which can promote our life in the future.

Preparation and Stability of Monodisperse Amorphous CaCO3 Microspheres of High Hardness and Sphericity.

Using amorphous CaCO3 (ACC) to biomimic the crustacean exoskeleton and optimize the physical and chemical properties of the polymeric phase of ACC holds great promise. Controlling the ACC morphology and stability is key in this process. For this article, monodisperse ACC microspheres, with a high sphericity of 0.973 ± 0.001 and a hardness of 0.6755 GPa, were prepared using the gas diffusion method in the presence of Mg2+. Their hardness is 3.58-16 times greater than that ever reported before for ACC microspheres. The stability of ACC is strongly affected by environmental conditions. The liquid phase and high temperature are not conducive to its stability, but ACC microspheres do have high stability under ambient conditions. After 100 days under such conditions, only a small amount of crystallization occurs, and their spherical shape survives intact. This article provides guidance for the preparation of ACC biomimetic composites, sheds light on the biological function of ACC in crustacean exoskeletons, and improves the theoretical understanding of the mechanism of biomineralization.

Phosphatic Biomineralization in Scyphozoa (Cnidaria): A Review

Phosphatic biomineralization is unknown in modern species of Scyphozoa (Cnidaria). However, some extinct groups of Scyphozoa, such as conulariids and Sphenothallus, were capable of secreting phosphatic exoskeletons. Both conulariids and Sphenothallus used apatite to improve the mechanical properties of their skeletons, which offered better protection than the non-biomineralized periderms. The skeletons of conulariids and Sphenothallus have a lamellar microstructure. The shell lamellae of conulariids are often pierced by tiny pores. Several apatitic mineral structures have been described in conulariids and Sphenothallus, including plywood-like structures. Different lattice parameters of the apatite indicate that the biomineralization mechanisms of the phosphatic cnidarians Sphenothallus and conulariids differed from each other.

The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of iron-oxidizing bacteria (Ochrobactrum EEELCW01) on mineral transformation and arsenic (As) fate

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are an important medium for communication and material exchange between iron-oxidizing bacteria and the external environment and could induce the iron (oxyhydr) oxides production which reduced arsenic (As) availability. The main component of EPS secreted by iron-oxidizing bacteria (Ochrobactrum EEELCW01) was composed of polysaccharides (150.76-165.33 mg/g DW) followed by considerably smaller amounts of proteins (12.98–16.12 mg/g DW). Low concentrations of As (100 or 500 µmol/L) promoted the amount of EPS secretion. FTIR results showed that EPS was composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and a miniscule amount of nucleic acids. The functional groups including -COOH, -OH, -NH, -C=O, and -C-O played an important role in the adsorption of As. XPS results showed that As was bound to EPS in the form of As3+. With increasing As concentration, the proportion of As3+ adsorbed on EPS increased. Ferrihydrite with a weak crystalline state was only produced in the system at 6 hr during the mineralization process of Ochrobactrum sp. At day 8, the minerals were composed of goethite, galena, and siderite. With the increasing mineralization time, the main mineral phases were transformed from weakly crystalline hydrous iron ore into higher crystallinity siderite (FeCO3) or goethite (α-FeOOH), and the specific surface area and active sites of minerals were reduced. It can be seen from the distribution of As elements that As is preferentially adsorbed on the edges of iron minerals. This study is potential to understand the biomineralization mechanism of iron-oxidizing bacteria and As remediation in the environment.

A living material platform for the biomineralization of biosilica.

Nature has a vast array of biomineralization mechanisms. The commonly shared mechanism by many living organisms to form hardened tissues is the nucleation of mineral structures via proteins. Living materials, thanks to synthetic biology, are providing many opportunities to program cells for many functionalities. Here we have demonstrated a living material system for biosilicification. Silaffins are utilized to synthesize silicified cell walls by one of the most abundant organism groups called diatoms. The R5 peptide motif of the silaffins is known for its ability to precipitate silica in ambient conditions. Therefore, various studies have been conducted to implement the silicification activity of R5 in different application areas, such as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. However, laborious protein purification steps are required prior to silica nanoparticle production in recombinant approaches. In this study, we aimed to engineer an alternative bacterial platform to achieve silicification using released and bacteria-intact forms of R5-attached fluorescent proteins (FP). Hence, we displayed R5-FP hybrids on the cell surface of E. coli via antigen 43 (Ag43) autotransporter system and managed to demonstrate heat-controllable release from the surface. We also showed that the bacteria cells displaying R5-FP can be used in silicification reactions. Lastly, considering the stimulating effect of silica on osteogenic differentiation, we treated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) with the silica aggregates formed via R5-FP hybrids. Earlier calcium crystal deposition around the hDPSCs was observed. We envision that our platform can serve as a faster and more economical alternative for biosilicification applications, including endodontics.

Biosorption behavior and biomineralization mechanism of low concentration uranium (VI) by pseudomonas fluorescens

Biosorption behavior and biomineralization mechanism of low concentration uranium (VI) by pseudomonas fluorescens

Bioinformatic Analysis of the Genetic Mechanism of Biomineralization of Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles in Bacteria Capable of Tumor-Specific Accumulation

Background. Current methods of targeted cancer therapy are not always effective enough and can lead to side effects, such as an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. It is known that some bacteria are capable of specific accumulation in malignant tumors, and therefore can be used as an alternative means of targeted drug delivery. However, the genetic mechanism of tumor-specific accumulation of bacteria is not fully understood and needs to be studied in more detail. Objective. This work aims to identify, by methods of comparative genomics methods, magnetically controlled bacteria among those for which tumor-specific accumulation has already been experimentally shown. Methods. To identify magnetically controlled bacterial strains, i.e., bacteria that biomineralize biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMN), the method of comparative genomics was used, namely: pairwise alignment of proteomes with amino acid sequences of Mam-proteins of required for biomineralization of BMN in magneto­tactic bacteria Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. Sequence alignments were performed in the BLAST program of the US National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Results. The conducted bioinformatic analysis showed that strains of bacteria in which the ability to accumulate specifically in tumors has been experimentally proven are potential producers of BMN of different types. Among them there are potential producers of intracellular crystalline BMN, potential producers of intracellular amorphous BMN, and extracellular crystalline BMN Conclusions. It is expedient to use bacteria-producing BMN as gene vectors and systems of targeted drug delivery to tumors that biomineralize BMN.

Biomineralized Materials for Sustainable and Durable Construction

Portland cement concrete, the most used manufactured material in the world, is a significant contributor to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. While strategies such as point-source CO2 capture, renewable fuels, alternative cements, and supplementary cementitious materials can yield substantial reductions in cement-related CO2 emissions, emerging biocement technologies based on the mechanisms of microbial biomineralization have the potential to radically transform the industry. In this work, we present a review and meta-analysis of the field of biomineralized building materials and their potential to improve the sustainability and durability of civil infrastructure. First, we review the mechanisms of microbial biomineralization, which underpin our discussion of current and emerging biomineralized material technologies and their applications within the construction industry. We conclude by highlighting the technical, economic, and environmental challenges that must be addressed before new, innovative biomineralized material technologies can scale beyond the laboratory.

Effects of Chloride, Sulfate and Magnesium Ions on the Biomineralization of Calcium Carbonate Induced by Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus DB1-12

Microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been studied extensively. However, the effect of different sources of magnesium ions on calcium carbonate biomineralization has rarely been examined. In this study, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus DB1-12 bacteria isolated from petroleum samples were used to biomineralize calcium ions under the action of different sources of magnesium (magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate). The results show that calcium ion precipitation ratios were much higher in MgSO4 group experiments than in the MgCl2 group (p < 0.01). The mineral phases in the MgCl2 group experiments were the same as those in MgSO4 group at each Mg/Ca ratio. Minerals with a ‘twisted’ shape were much more common in the MgSO4 group; the protein secondary structures hidden in minerals were much more abundant in the MgCl2 group, and the activation energy of biotic monohydrocalcite at a Mg/Ca ratio of 11 was also much higher in the MgCl2 group than in the MgSO4 group. The main reasons for these differences are closely related to the lower magnesium content and the more common protein secondary structures in the monohydrocalcite in the MgCl2 group. The shift of Mg1s XPS spectra suggests that the chemical interactions occurring on the monohydrocalcite surfaces in the MgCl2 group were different from those in the MgSO4 group. The δ13CPDB values of the biominerals in the MgSO4 group are in the range of −16.93 to −18.87‰, lower than those in the MgCl2 group (-15.77 to −18.69‰). The morphology of L. xylanilyticus DB1-12 became deformed and some rod-shaped protrusions developed on the cell surface during the process of biomineralization. This study not only contributes to the understanding of biomineralization mechanisms generally, but is also helpful in the interpretations of paleo-environmental conditions.

Biomineralization of Carbonates Induced by Mucilaginibacter gossypii HFF1: Significant Role of Biochemical Parameters

Although the precipitation of carbonate minerals induced by various bacteria is widely studied, the changes in the biochemical parameters, and their significant role in the biomineralization processes, still need further exploration. In this study, Mucilaginibacter gossypii HFF1 was isolated, identified, and used to induce carbonate minerals at various Mg/Ca ratios. The biochemical parameters were determined in order to explore the biomineralization mechanisms, including cell concentration, pH, ammonia, carbonic anhydrase activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The characteristics of extracellular minerals and intracellular inclusions were both analyzed. In addition, the amino acid composition of the extracellular polymeric substance was also tested. Results show that the biochemical parameters provide an alkaline environment for precipitation, due to the combined effect of ammonia, carbonic anhydrase, and alkaline phosphatase. Biotic minerals are characterized by preferred orientation, specific shape, and better crystalline and better thermal stability, indicating their biogenesis. Most of the amino acids in the extracellular polymeric substance are negatived charged, and facilitate the binding of magnesium and calcium ions. The particles with weak crystalline structure in the EPS prove that it acts as a nucleation site. Intracellular analyses prove the presence of the intracellular amorphous inclusions. Our results suggest that the changes in the biochemical parameters caused by bacteria are beneficial to biomineralization, and play a necessary role in its process. This offers new insight into understanding the biomineralization mechanism of the bacteria HFF1.