Mechanisms In Women Research Articles

Depression, cardiovascular disease, and related pathophysiologic mechanisms in women

Kontext: Ackoliv na depresi se v doporucenich AHA a EACPR již pohliži jako na rizikový faktor kardiovaskularnich onemocněni (KVO), k dispozici mame malo genderově zaměřene literatury. Studie prokazaly, že prevalence deprese může být v urcitem věku u žen vyssi a predisponuje ženy k umrti z kardiovaskularnich (KV) přicin významněji než muže. Cil: Cilem naseho clanku bylo podat přehled soucasných důkazů svědcicich pro prevalenci KVO a deprese u žen, nalezt spojitost mezi depresi a KVO u teto populace a urcit možne biologicke mechanismy, ktere zodpovidaji za tento vztah. Metody: Prochazeli jsme původni sděleni a metaanalýzy publikovane před 20. 4. 2019. Výsledky: Nas přehledový clanek rozpoznal konzistentni spojitost mezi depresi a KVO u žen a prediktivni hodnotu deprese u mortality z KV přicin, take jsou zde zdůrazněny některe možne patofyziologicke mechanismy zodpovědne za tento vztah zvlastě u žen. Zavěry: Ženy castěji zaživaji nedostatecnou socialni podporu a socialni integraci stejně jako depresi, ktera vede k nežadoucim parametrům týkajicim se KVO a zesiluje riziko umrti z kardialnich přicin, casne hodnoceni psychosocialnich rizikových faktorů i u žen s nizkým rizikem KVO bude prvořade pro to, abychom se vyhnuli budoucim komplikacim a definovali efektivni nacasovani kognitivně založene intervence. © 2019, CKS.

Individual Differences in Women During Walking Affect Tibial Response to Load Carriage: The Importance of Individualized Musculoskeletal Finite-Element Models

Subject-specific features can contribute to the susceptibility of an individual to stress fracture. Here, we incorporated tibial morphology and material properties into a standard musculoskeletal finite-element (M/FE) model and investigated how load carriage influences joint kinetics and tibial mechanics in women. We obtained the morphology and material properties of the tibia from computed tomography images for women of three distinctly different heights, 1.51 m (short), 1.63 m (medium), and 1.75 m (tall), and developed individualized M/FE models for each. Then, we calculated joint and muscle forces, and subsequently, tibial stress/strain for each woman walking at 1.3 m/s under various load conditions (0, 11.3, or 22.7kg). Among the subjects investigated, using individualized and standard M/FE models, the joint reaction forces (JRFs) differed by up to 4 (hip), 22 (knee), and 26% (ankle), and the 90th percentile von Mises stress by up to 30% (tall woman). Load carriage evoked distinct biomechanical responses, with a 22.7-kg load decreasing the peak hip JRF during late stance by ∼18% in the short woman, while increasing it by ∼39% in the other two women. It also increased peak knee and ankle JRFs by up to ∼48 (tall woman) and ∼36% (short woman). The same load increased the 90th percentile von Mises stress (and corresponding cumulative stress) by 31 (28), 22 (30), and 27% (32%) in the short, medium, and tall woman, respectively. Our findings highlight the critical role of individualized M/FE models to assess mechanical loading in different individuals performing the same physical activity.

Gait Mechanics in Women of the ACL-SPORTS Randomized Control Trial: Interlimb Symmetry Improves Over Time Regardless of Treatment Group.

Women after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are more likely than men to exhibit asymmetric movement patterns, which are associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. We developed the ACL specialized post-operative return-to-sports (ACL-SPORTS) randomized control trial to test the effect of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention (SAPP) training with and without perturbation training (SAPP + PERT) on gait mechanics in women after ACLR. We hypothesized that movement symmetry would improve over time across both groups but more so among the SAPP + PERT group. Thirty-nine female athletes 3-9 months after primary ACLR were randomized to SAPP or SAPP + PERT training. Biomechanical testing during overground walking occurred before (Pre-training) and after (Post-training) training and one and 2 years post-operatively. Hip and knee kinematic and kinetic variables were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). There was a time by limb interaction effect (p = 0.028) for peak knee flexion angle (PKFA), the primary outcome which powered the study, characterized by smaller PKFA in the involved compared to uninvolved limbs across treatment groups at Pre-training, Post-training, and 1 year, but not 2 years. Similar findings occurred across sagittal plane knee excursions and kinetics and hip extension excursion at midstance. There were no meaningful interactions involving group. Neither SAPP nor SAPP + PERT training improved walking mechanics, which persisted 1 but not 2 years after ACLR. Statement of clinical significance: Asymmetrical movement patterns persisted long after participants achieved symmetrical strength and functional performance, suggesting more time is needed to recover fully after ACLR. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1743-1753, 2019.

New site-specific anatomical defects discovered within the female urogenital tract

ObjectivesTesting whether the site-specific anatomical defect(s) can occur within the urethral stabilizing mechanism; determining the anatomical structure compositions of the urethral stabilizing mechanism. Study designIn an international setting, fifteen human fresh female cadavers subjected to urogenital tract stratum-by-stratum macro- and micro-dissection and a case series study type utilized in this scientific research. The primary outcome measured occurrences of anatomical site-specific defects within the urethral stabilizing mechanism and the secondary outcome measured the anatomical structures of the urethral stabilizing mechanism. ResultsSite-specific defects occurred within the urethral stabilizing mechanism in four out of fifteen subjects (26.6%); defects most commonly identified within suburethral-paraurethral-periurethral areas. The ventral perineal membrane and distal condensations of the arcus tendineus levatoris ani defects were also present. The urethral stabilizing mechanism consists of multiple anatomical structures located in different anatomical regions. ConclusionsSite-specific defects occur within the urethral stabilizing mechanism in women. The urethral stabilizing mechanism consists of multiple anatomical structures located in different anatomical regions, and they fuse with the urethral wall.

Sex-dependent associations of childhood neglect and bodyweight across the life span

Eating disorders and weight problems across the life span have been linked to adverse childhood experiences. Previous research often focused on child abuse and omitted investigating effects of child neglect. The present study evaluates effects of neglect on bodyweight across the life span and how emotional neglect and bodyweight are linked via mental distress. Within a large survey representative of the German population (N = 2,500), individuals completed measures of mental distress, childhood trauma, and height and weight. We conducted logistic regression analyses on bodyweight extremes and a moderated mediation analysis. In men, physical neglect aggravated the risk to be underweight. In women, emotional neglect was linked to severe obesity. In both sexes, emotional neglect was related to mental distress. We found an indirect effect of emotional neglect on bodyweight via mental distress, however, it was only present in women. Our results attest to long-term consequences of adverse early experiences. We showed a possible mechanism for women’s higher vulnerability towards eating disorders. In general, investigations of eating and weight disorders should also include men and employ sex-specific methods of analyses. Lastly, neglect should also receive more attention to prevent suffering and negative sequelae over the life span.

Women's Psychological Aggression Toward an Intimate Male Partner: Between the Impulsive and the Instrumental.

The purpose of this article is to explore some underlying mechanisms of women's psychological aggression in intimate partner violence (IPV), as a phenomenon that requires better understanding and intervention, even in cases when it does not lead to physical violence. Psychological aggression is known to be the most prevalent pattern of IPV for both genders, and its impact on many survivors is known to be equal and sometimes worse than that of physical harm. Despite the fact that most aggressive conflicts between couples do not escalate into physical violence, research mainly addresses psychological aggression in the context of its correlation with it. This article is based on qualitative interviews with 30 women who were in bidirectional abusive heterosexual relationships, who were at least psychologically aggressive toward their male intimate partner, and who were willing to be interviewed about this experience. Results of the phenomenological psychological method of analysis of the interviews are presented, focusing on the women's personal accounts for using psychological aggression. These accounts are further analyzed from two perspectives: (a) the bimodal classification of impulsive, as opposed to instrumental, aggression; and (b) the client's perceived need-to-control the partner as opposed to the ability to exercise self-control. The article also discusses implications for theory and practice, especially in the refining of relevant intervention goals with psychologically aggressive women.

Explaining Gender Differences in Changes in Volunteering after Divorce

ABSTRACT Although there is evidence that divorce and volunteering are related, little is known about the process by which divorce affects volunteering. Using four-wave panel data spanning 16 years, this study examines the causal mechanisms underlying changes in volunteering following divorce. Results from estimating structural equation models indicated that divorce affects volunteering through different mechanisms for women and men. For women, increased financial strain explained a decline in volunteering after divorce. For men, decreased social integration measured by formal group participation accounted for a decline in volunteering after divorce. Domain-specific analyses further showed that decreased religious attendance following divorce explained a decline in religious volunteering and, at the same time, an increase in secular volunteering among men but not women. Men appear to switch their volunteering domains from religious to secular organizations after divorce.

120. A study to investigate calcium mechanisms in women at high risk of pre-eclampsia through analysis of putative protein markers. A sub-study of the calcium and pre-eclampsia (CAP) study (a WHO collaboration)

Introduction The mechanisms by which calcium reduces the severity of preeclampsia are currently not established. Objective/hypothesis Blood samples were studied from participants in CAP, a recent study of the efficacy of giving calcium prior to pregnancy to reduce preeclampsia. The aim was to characterize blood biomarkers in order to identify potential mechanisms by which calcium might exert an effect on preventing preeclampsia. Identifying these mechanisms could guide additional interventions. Methods Women with previous preeclampsia were randomised to calcium 500 mg/day or placebo prior to pregnancy. From 20 weeks’ gestation both groups received 1500 mg/day Ca as recommended by WHO. Blood samples were obtained pre-pregnancy and at 8, 20 and 32 weeks’ gestation with biomarkers chosen to assess placental, angiogenic, vasoconstrictor/dilator, endothelial and immune function. Results Altogether 111 women were included in this sub-study. Eleven women (20%) in the placebo group and nine (16%) in the calcium group developed preeclampsia. Biomarker comparisons (calcium vs placebo) Most biomarkers increased over time with similar increases observed across calcium and placebo groups. AT1-AA and Endothelin were relatively constant over time, Copeptin values were higher in the calcium group (pre-pregnancy through to week 8). Biomarker comparisons (preeclamptic vs non-preeclamptic women) Biomarkers levels were similar, on average, between women who went on to develop preeclampsia and those who did not. Slight differences were observed for some biomarkers with directionality of results similar to reported values (e.g. PIGF lower and Activin-A, s-ENG and PIGF higher in women who developed pre-eclampsia). Copeptin values were higher in the preeclamptic women prior to pregnancy and at weeks 8 and 20. Discussion/conclusion This small study did not demonstrate any obvious difference in analytes assessing relevant pathophysiological pathways for preeclampsia with calcium treatment. This exploratory study was not powered to detect or exclude relevant effects with certainty.

Application of the Feminist-Relational Model for the Treatment of Subclinical Eating Disorders

ABSTRACTSubclinical eating disorders are more common than eating disorders, but far less understood. Despite knowledge that the larger socio-cultural context contributes to the maintenance of eating disorders, little is known regarding how feminist-informed factors can serve as protective mechanisms for women with subclinical eating disorders. This article utilized the feminist-relational model to provide a conceptualization of the symbiotic relationship between feminist-informed protective factors, suggesting through supportive relationships, individuals experience increased empowerment and agency to cope with their subclinical symptoms. Implications for family therapists are discussed, including therapeutic tasks and questions informed by narrative therapy and the feminist-relational model.

RETRACTED: Low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise training modulates irritable bowel syndrome through antioxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in women: Results of a randomized controlled trial

Our aim was to explore the putative beneficial effects of low-to-moderate intensity exercise training program in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study evaluated the changes in blood oxidative stress status, inflammatory biomarkers and IBS severity symptoms following 24 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise in sedentary IBS patients. A total of 109 female volunteers (aged 18–41 yrs) who fulfilled Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of IBS were screened and 60 were randomized to exercise (EX, n = 30) and non-exercise (NON-EX, n = 30) groups. Exercise intervention favorably attenuated inflammation as indicated by plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α), adenosine deaminase, oxidative stress (XO, MDA and NO) and enhanced antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) (P < .05), and these alterations correlate with promising improvements in IBS symptoms (P < .05). Taken together, low-to-moderate intensity exercise training program attenuates symptoms in IBS. Symptom improvement was associated with a reversal of the ratio of anti- to pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as facilitating blood redox homeostasis, suggesting an immune- and redox modulating function for exercise training.

Women\u2019s empowerment and experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in facilities in Lucknow, India: results from a cross-sectional study

BackgroundRecent evidence has found widespread reports of women experiencing abuse, neglect, discrimination, and poor interpersonal care during childbirth around the globe. Empowerment may be a protective mechanism for women against facility mistreatment during childbirth. The majority of previous research on mistreatment during childbirth has been qualitative in nature.MethodsIn this analysis, we use quantitative data from 392 women who recently gave birth in a facility in the slums of Lucknow, India, to explore whether measures of women’s empowerment are associated with their experiences of mistreatment at their last childbirth. We use the Gender Equitable Men (GEM) scale to measure women’s views of gender equality.ResultsWe find that women who had more equitable views about the role of women were less likely to report experiencing mistreatment during childbirth. These findings suggest that dimensions of women’s empowerment related to social norms about women’s value and role are associated with experiences of mistreatment during childbirth.ConclusionsThis expands our understanding of empowerment and women’s health, and also suggests that the GEM scale can be used to measure certain domains of empowerment from a women’s perspective in this setting.

Effects of shoe drop on running mechanics in women

During the last decade, there has been an increasing enthusiasm in minimalist shoe trend. Consequently, many running shoes companies have promoted a lower drop of their shoes that could cause biome...

Central control of micturition in women: Brain-bladder pathways in continence and urgency urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence disproportionately affects women. Anatomical textbooks typically describe continence mechanisms in women in the context of the pelvic floor support of the urinary bladder and the urethral sphincters. However, the urinary bladder and urethral sphincters are under the central control of the brain through a complex network of neurons that allow storage of urine followed by voiding when socially appropriate. Recent studies suggest that the most common type of urinary incontinence in women, urgency urinary incontinence, involves significant dysfunction of the central control of micturition. In this paper, we review the anatomy and functional connectivity of the nervous system structures involved in the control of micturition. Clinical application of this anatomy in the context of urgency urinary incontinence is also discussed. Understanding the anatomy of the neural structures that control continence will allow clinicians to better understand the underlying pathology of urge incontinence and consider new ways of treating this distressing condition. Clin. Anat. 30:373-384, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Abstract P2-08-03: Targeting inflammatory pathways: A phase 2 trial of the JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib in combination with exemestane for aromatase inhibitor-resistant, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer

Abstract Background: In vitro mechanisms link IL-6 to poor outcome in breast cancer via inflammatory pathways, activated JAK/STAT tumor signaling and upregulation of aromatase, leading to an aggressive tumor phenotype. Epidemiological data from our group and others support these mechanisms in women with ER-positive (+) disease. We therefore hypothesized that the JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib (RUX, INCB018424; Incyte), would enhance activity of exemestane (EXE) in women with ER+ breast cancer who relapsed after non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy, particularly among carriers of a germ-line polymorphism in IL-6, conferring elevated levels of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment. Methods: The “JAKEE trial” is a phase II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of RUX + EXE in postmenopausal women with relapsed, ER+ advanced breast cancer. Eligible patients were required to have progressed on a non-steroidal AI and either measureable or bone-only disease. CRP, a putative biomarker of tumor microenvironment inflammation, was measured at baseline and serially during treatment. Using a Simon 2-stage design, we treated 15 patients with RUX at 25 mg BID and EXE at 25mg daily on a continuous 28-day schedule. First stage results were previously presented (AACR, 2014). Accrual proceeded to second stage after no patient met the pre-defined stopping rule of grade (G) 3/4 toxicity requiring discontinuation from the study within the first treatment cycle. Due to the substantial rate of anemia requiring dose reductions, however, RUX dose was reduced to 15 mg BID in second stage. Results: A total of 25 patients were enrolled; 24/25 had progressed on AI in metastatic setting; 1 relapsed on adjuvant AI. RUX+EXE was well-tolerated overall, with only 2 G4 events (creatinine elevation, hepatic failure); both were due to disease progression. 16% had G3 fatigue, anemia or hypertension; 12% had G3 neutropenia or depression. Other lower grade toxicities in &amp;gt;20% included musculoskeletal pain, increased ALT, and headache. Overall, patients stayed on therapy for a median of 3 cycles (range 2 – 21). There were no CR or PR, but 6/25 (24%) had prolonged disease control (SD&amp;gt; 6 months). Median CRP at study entry was 6.4 (range 0.3-38.9), with 8/25 (32%) having CRP&amp;gt;10. Achieving SD&amp;gt;6 months was not associated with baseline CRP (CRP&amp;gt;10 in 32% with vs. 33% without SD&amp;gt;6 months, p(exact)=1.0). A novel pharmacodynamic assay to assess STAT3 phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after RUX exposure demonstrated differential effects in patients with response. Conclusions: Targeting JAK/STAT signaling in AI-resistant breast cancer with RUX+EXE was safe and well-tolerated. 24% of patients had prolonged SD, but baseline CRP level did not predict response. Correlative studies to determine whether host and/or tumor biomarkers predict response to therapy, including germline IL-6 genotype, immune profiles, p-STAT3 and estradiol levels, are currently underway. Citation Format: DeMichele AM, Clark AS, Holmes R, Volpe M, Medrano C, Troxel A, Fox K, Domchek S, Matro J, Bradbury A, Shih N, Feldman M, Hexner E, Bromberg J. Targeting inflammatory pathways: A phase 2 trial of the JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib in combination with exemestane for aromatase inhibitor-resistant, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-03.

Lifetime trauma, personality traits, and health: A pathway to midlife health status.

This study investigated whether lifetime experience of trauma is related to personality through instrumental and reactive trait processes, and whether lifetime trauma is a mechanism underlying the association between childhood conscientiousness and objectively assessed adult physical health. Participants (N = 831) were 442 women and 389 men from the Hawaii longitudinal study of personality and health. Teacher assessments of personality were obtained when the participants were in elementary school. Self-reported adult personality assessments, lifetime histories of trauma experience, and objectively assessed physiological dysregulation were obtained between ages 45-55. Women tended to report more high-betrayal trauma than men, whereas men reported more low-betrayal trauma than women. Women who were judged by their teachers to be less agreeable and less conscientious in childhood reported more lifetime trauma, suggesting instrumental trait processes. For both genders, neuroticism and openness/intellect/imagination in adulthood, but not in childhood, were associated with lifetime trauma, suggesting reactive trait processes. For both genders, trauma experience was correlated with dysregulation and with Body Mass Index (BMI). The indirect paths from childhood conscientiousness to adult dysregulation and BMI through total teen and adult trauma were significant for women, but not for men (indirect effect for women's dysregulation = -.025, p = .040, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -.048, -.001; indirect effect for women's BMI = -.037, p = .009, 95% CI = -.067, -.008). Teen and adult trauma experience appears to be a hitherto unidentified mechanism in women underlying the association between conscientiousness and health. (PsycINFO Database Record

The promise of urethral pressure reflectometry: an update.

The urethral closure mechanism in women is incompletely understood. Measuring closure function in a collapsed urethral tube without distending the tube and changing its natural shape is impossible with conventional methods. Over the last decade, studies with urethral pressure reflectometry (UPR), a method that measures pressure and the corresponding cross-sectional area along the entire length of the urethra continuously by means of acoustic reflectometry, have been performed. The studies have mainly been performed on patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Our aim was to provide an overview of the studies conducted with UPR, establishing whether the method may be used in clinical practice. We reviewed all literature published on UPR. Urethral pressure reflectometry is easily performed with limited bother for the patient. The catheter consists of a 45-cm-long PVC tube connected to a thin and highly flexible polyurethane bag, which is placed in the urethra. When inserted, the bag only occupies 0.4mm(2) of the urethra, respecting the natural shape and orientation of the urethra and, most importantly; respecting the laws of physics when measuring urethral pressure. UPR can discriminate patients with SUI from continent women and separate assessment of the sphincter function and support system is possible. Also, UPR has revealed statistically significant differences in urethral pressures after drug therapy for SUI. We conclude that UPR has a place in clinical practice. The method has shown groundbreaking potential in the understanding of urethral dysfunction in SUI patients.

Paradoxes of (dis)empowerment in the postcolony: women, culture and social capital in Ghana

Women’s empowerment discourses in Africa involve contradictory desires from women on one hand and society at large on the other. This article argues that the traditional validation mechanisms for women’s identities are crucial avenues for analysing both the conceptions and experiences of empowerment. Drawing on primary ethnographic data, I analyse paradoxes in women’s empowerment discourses in postcolonial Ghanaian societies, where neoliberal discourses thrive side-by-side with collectivist–socialist cultural ideals. Using an example of social capital, gained largely through mothering, I suggest that, because women’s relationships with capital are structured by local socio-cultural and global economic structures and relations, the theorisation and application of the concept of empowerment need to recognise the complicated relationships (with capital) that women negotiate on a daily basis.

Gender and Intergroup Helping: Forms of Prosocial Behavior as Differential Social Control Mechanisms for Women and Men.

The present research, drawing on the Intergroup Helping as Power Relations Model (Nadler, 2002), investigated the ways in which different forms of helping behavior can strategically affect responses to women and men who display socially valued or devalued characteristics. Participants read scenarios about concrete problems faced by a woman or man in need, who displayed positive (i.e., prosocial) or negative (i.e., antisocial) characteristics, and indicated the extent to which they would be willing to support small tax increases if that money were used to help address the target's issues. The predicted Target Gender × Target History × Type of Support interaction, controlling for political orientation, was obtained, F(1, 149) = 6.49, p = .012, η p 2 = .04. Participants tended to give less autonomy-oriented (i.e., empowering) help to a man displaying antisocial (vs. prosocial) characteristics, F(1, 36) = 3.39, p = .074, η p 2 = .09.; they also tended to off more dependency-oriented (i.e., disempowering) help to a woman women exhibiting prosocial (vs. antisocial) qualities, F(1, 38) = 3.42, p = .072, η p 2 = .08. The role of seemingly positive forms of social behavior as a mechanism for social control and the relation of helping to processes of group-hierarchy and system-justifying processes are considered.

EXPLORING THE COPING MECHANISM OF WOMEN EXPERIENCING INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN MALAYSIA

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a long standing issue that affects women worldwide. In surviving the IPV, women often need to strategize to stay alive and to seek help to end the violence. It is important to explore their strategies for survival in this type of violent relationship. Such exploration remains uninvestigated especially in Malaysia. To fill in this gap, this study aims to examine the coping mechanism of women who have experienced IPV in Malaysia. A total number of 234 women experiencing IPV were recruited for this study and the respondents were chose from all States in the Peninsular Malaysia. The study involved a household survey using a random sampling of enumeration blocks to collect the data. The data were collected using the instrument of the WHO multi-country study. Prior to being interviewed, each respondent was given an information sheet, explaining the study, their rights to participate and withdraw from the interview, as well as the assurance of confidentiality. Results of the study indicate that about 83% (194) of the survivors attempted to seek help from individuals outside of their marriages and from the authorities. The majority of respondents informed individuals about their problem, which indicate the important role of family members and friends in providing intervention in IPV. About 16.5% of respondents reveal their issues to and seek help from the authorities and the majority of these were satisfied with the services they received from the authorities. In conclusion, this study suggests that intervention to IPV cases may be made more effective by understanding women’s help-seeking strategies and improving on these strategies. Keywords: Coping mechanism, intimate partner violence, experience, survivors, Malaysia

Психологические особенности виктимного поведения женщин в ситуациях домашнего насилия

This article analyzes the psychological factors and characteristics of victim behavior of women in situations of domestic violence. It is noted that the problem of violence has extended its scale throughout the world, and yet continues to be among &amp;#34;closed&amp;#34; topics. For clarity, the article presents statistics official data the Russian Interior Ministry in 2010, relating to family conflicts, as well as the results of opinion polls and research of scientists professionals. Considered are prerequisites for the formation of victim behavior of women, as well as the motives and manifestations of psychological defense mechanisms in women in a dysfunctional family. It is noted that due to relations and traumatic childhood experiences and behaviors of parents in the victimization of women developed are personality traits of codependency, they are predisposed to sacrifice their &amp;#34;I&amp;#34; to experience the adoption of the family system. To isolate and characterize the psychological characteristics of victim behavior of women in situations of domestic violence, including cognitive disorders,, the state trained helplessness, low self-esteem and self-perception of strain, affective disorder functions, inconsistency and conflict, trespassed &amp;#34;Ego&amp;#34;. Women victims have clinical consequences of domestic violence, and these symptoms consistent with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The article deals with the content of some common myths and facts about committing domestic violence. Based on the conducted analysis it is concluded that the particular psychology of &amp;#34;victimization&amp;#34; of women include a huge range of personal and state properties, a set of internal and external factors that are responsible for the personal predisposition of women to turn them into victims of domestic violence.