Conflict Resolution Mechanisms Research Articles

IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIALISM ON THE ỌDIONWERE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTION IN BENIN KINGDOM, NIGERIA

This study examines the profound impact of British colonialism on the Odionwere conflict management institution in Benin Kingdom, Nigeria. Before the colonial intervention, the Odionwere played a crucial role in resolving disputes and maintaining social harmony within the community. However, the advent of British colonial rule in the late 19th century significantly changed traditional governance structures. The imposition of indirect rule by the British colonial administrators altered the Benin Kingdom’s power dynamics, marginalizing the Odionwere’s authority. The establishment of colonial courts and the introduction of Western legal systems further undermined the traditional conflict resolution mechanisms. This study explores how the Odionwere, once central to dispute resolution, experienced a decline in influence and autonomy as colonial policies reshaped the socio-political landscape. By meticulously analyzing archival documents, oral histories, and ethnographic data, this research contributes to understanding the intricate interplay between colonialism and Indigenous institutions, shedding light on the lasting repercussions of colonial policies on local governance structures and conflict resolution practices in the Benin Kingdom.

The role of international institutions in stabilising the global legal order: Assessing impact and effectiveness

Abstract The article delves into the complexities of defining legal world order and security in the aftermath of the Cold War, investigating how the notion of security has broadened in the era of globalisation. It aims to evaluate different theoretical frameworks concerning international security and their adaptation to changes in the global environment. The research uses dialectical and hermeneutic principles to dissect the topic. It employs systemic-structural and functional methods to explore the involvement of international organisations in global security. A range of research methodologies, including analogy, historicism, formal-logical analysis, and situational analysis, are employed to delve into the studied matters. The article underscores various significant discoveries, notably the waning influence of the United Nations (UN) as a comprehensive global institution today. It stresses the importance for the global community to confront the geopolitical shifts and difficulties of the 21st century. Presently, global politics are marked by enduring instability, and the current peacekeeping and conflict resolution mechanisms need to demonstrate more in tackling contemporary hybrid challenges and threats. The article concludes by asserting that the current framework for handling international affairs needs to be revised to meet the demands of the 21st century. It emphasises the necessity of simplifying interactions among independent nations, updating collaborative institutions, and forming a capable supervisory entity to bolster global security. The research advocates for establishing fresh international legal standards covering diverse areas of global cooperation and reinforcing international organisational frameworks to address evolving global issues. The successful and prompt execution of these strategies is deemed crucial for the well-being of humanity in the future.

Conflict Resolution through Indigenous Knowledge Systems

Abstract Indigenous knowledge is the local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It is the basis for local decision-making in agriculture, medicine, food education, environmental management, craft skills, linguistics and conflict management. The study explored mengehacha, an indigenous system of conflict resolution among the Gumuz people in northwest Ethiopia, which aims to restore peace and harmony within the community when conflicts result from natural resource competition, exchange marriage, clan-based conflict and theft. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, non-participatory observation and document analysis, and analysed qualitatively. The indigenous mechanisms of conflict resolution were found to be relatively participatory and supplementary to the state justice system. It is recommended that indigenous systems of conflict management be supported and given equal treatment with the modern court system and that exchange marriage be curbed, since it is becoming a trigger for conflict eruption among the Gumuz.

Kekuasaan dan Konflik Dalam Organisasi

This research aims to understand the dynamics of power and conflict in organizations through a qualitative study. Data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis at a manufacturing company in Indonesia. The research results show that power in organizations is complex and multidimensional, with various sources and forms. Conflict arises as a consequence of struggles over resources, differences in interests, and disagreements about norms and values. This research contributes to the understanding of how power and conflict are interrelated in organizations. These findings also provide implications for management practice, highlighting the importance of effective leadership, open communication, and fair conflict resolution mechanisms.

Indonesia’s Diplomacy as a Non-Permanent Member of The UN Security Council in Combating to Terrorism Crime 2019-2020

The United Nations (UN) was formed to maintain world peace and security. The UN gives a mandate to its main body, called the Security Council (SC), to maintain peace and security stability, take necessary actions, and act as a mediator in all issues and conflicts that occur based on the provisions written in the UN Charter. As a member of the UN Security Council, Indonesia is fully committed to maintaining world peace regarding the UN mission. In carrying out its role, Indonesia refers to the free and active foreign policy, the 1945 Constitution, and the UN Charter. This research used qualitative methods to analyze the dynamics of Indonesia's membership in the Security Council in dealing with global issues. The results proved that Indonesia’s policies have tried to fight terrorism crimes through the UN Security Council membership. The mechanisms for conflict resolution put forward an approach to law enforcement, prevention, and the formation of UN Security Council resolutions related to terrorism crimes.

Team Cohesion and Student Athlete Well-Being in A Normal University in Jiangxi Province

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between team cohesion and WELL-BEING among college athletes. This study adopts a quantitative research design, with a sample of 627 college athletes from a regular university in Jiangxi Province, China. A survey was conducted on the basic information of student respondents in terms of gender, age, grade, and years of experience, as well as their self-evaluation of athlete well-being, including physical health, mental health, emotions, balance, socialization, achievement, recovery and rest, and support systems. The relationship between team cohesion and self-evaluation of well-being was studied by analyzing the differences in personal characteristics and self-evaluation of well-being. This study also evaluated the positive effects of team cohesion, coach behavior, and athlete well-being on physical, psychological, emotional, and social health, and recommended promoting open and transparent communication within the team, strengthening leadership, establishing conflict resolution mechanisms, cultivating common values and goals, focusing on mental health, balancing lifestyles, and promoting internal respect and team spirit through team building and support networks to increase athlete well-being and team cohesion.

The Uniqueness of Megapodius reinwardt and the Wisdom of the Local Community as Tourism Attraction and Conservation at Moyo Island

The distribution, graduation and conservation of Megapodius reinwardt based on the ecological knowledge of local residents to support ecotourism on moyo island, has been carried out. The objectives are: 1) to obtain an accurate picture of the distribution of the population and its behavior, 2) knowledge of the ecology of the local population, 3) perception and behavior of the local population, 4) to increase the population, and 5) to carry out conservation to prevent its extinction in the Moyo Island. This research consists of two stages of activities, namely first, mapping population distribution, nest analysis, diseases, pathogens, interviews and discussions with local community about their perception and knowledge about M. reinwardt, document study about tourist visits; second, building awareness and participation of local community to support M. reinwardt conservation activities, formulating its conservation design and identifying potential nests as tourist attractions. The perception of the local residents of Moyo Island towards the existence of M. reinwardt is useful in supporting the fulfillment of their life needs directly or indirectly. Locals believe that by keeping M. reinwardt, his life needs can be met. In addition, the locals of Moyo Island think that laboring the bird at the time of laying eggs will be "Mali" or bring bad luck to hunters. The attitude of the local residents of Moyo Island towards the preservation of M. reinwardt is mostly 85% of residents agree with the preservation of M. reinwardt on Moyo Island, 10% are still hesitant and 5% disagree. The efforts to manage M. reinwardt as one of the tourist attractions, must involve and be able to accommodate the needs of local residents, tourists, tourism entrepreneurs and the government. For the success of the bird conservation efforts, six things must be considered, namely: 1) an agreement on the recognition of the minimum rights of group members; 2) the clarity of the boundaries of the scope of control of each active management community group; 3) the suitability between the cost of nest management and the benefits obtained; 4) conflict resolution mechanisms; 5) firmness in the application of sanctions and 6) willingness to receive knowledge/information and technology on the conservation and management of M. reinwardt from outside the moyo island area.

The gap between ecological violence and social injustice from mining industries in post-conflict West Aceh

This study examines the role of the mining industry in promoting positive peace in post-onflict West Aceh, using qualitative content analysis of secondary data sources such as media and documentation. The findings reveal a significant gap between the current trajectory of the mining sector and aspirations for long-term peace. While the mining industry has transformative potential, its progress is marred by ecological damage and social injustices, particularly conflicts between local communities and mining companies over land tenure and environmental impacts. This study proposes a socially inclusive approach to mining development that balances economic benefits with sustainable peacebuilding. Key recommendations include stronger environmental regulations, increased community participation in all phases of mining projects, and robust conflict resolution mechanisms. This study is limited by its reliance on secondary data, which may not fully capture local nuances and may be biased by media sources. Further research with primary data collection is recommended to validate and extend these findings.

Navigating Conflict and Health in Bawku, Ghana: Implications for Resolution and Management

The main goal of this study was to evaluate how conflicts are resolved and how they affect people's ability to access health care in Bawku, Ghana. Specific objectives were to assess factors that affect the management of the Bawku conflict and to evaluate the consequences of the conflict on health services in the Bawku region. The residents living in different locations of Bawku in the Upper East Region of Ghana comprised the target population, which was 144,189 persons. Forty-five (45) respondents were selected using an expert purposive sample methodology with an explanatory sequential design in a mixed method approach. The study was guided by the Protracted Social Conflict Theory. Basic statistical techniques were used in data analysis. The study used questionnaires and interview guides as its main methods for gathering data during the month of July 2023 in the Bawku region. The findings are presented through tables and charts. According to the findings, the Bawku War made it very difficult for residents to get access to medical facilities and services. The worst effects were seen in terms of casualties, wounds, and disruptions to regular life. In addition, the research identifies the best and most frequently used mechanisms for conflict resolution, which include the employment of the military and law enforcement, traditional councils, and houses of chiefs. Furthermore, the study concluded that the ethnic ties of the Mamprusis and Kusasis to other ethnic groups in these nations could potentially lead to the spread of the Bawku conflict to neighboring countries, particularly Togo and Burkina Faso. The study recommends a decrease in hostilities and, potentially, advocates for the complete cessation of political interference in the conflict resolution process in Bawku, located in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND ITS IMPACT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING AMONG EMPLOYEES

This research undergone a study on quality of work life and its impact on psychological well being among employees in Hi Tech Arai private limited . Variables taken for the study are Safe work environment , Fringe benefits, compensation practices, Opportunities for career development, Conflict resolution mechanism. From the population of 500 using Morgan table sample size of 217 have taken for the study. Questionnaire data collection method is used in this Research for data gathering. From the Probability sampling , Simple random sampling method used in this research to select a sample from a larger population. Statistical tools used are Normality test ,Mann whitney U test, Kruskal wallis H test and correlation. The findings reveal that there is no significant difference between the Age group and also with gender with reference to safe work environment, Fringe benefits , opportunities for career development , compensation practices and conflict resolution mechanism. Organizations must recognize the importance of investing in QWL initiatives to create environments that support employees' holistic development and contribute to their overall happiness and satisfaction. Key Words: Quality of work life, psychological well being among employees.

Self-initiated protection behavior based on Magna Carta of women: Women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace

The problem of violence in the workplace continues to expand and it casts a shadow on organizational environments all around the world. This phenomenon extends to different fields or sectors and is pervasive throughout a wide range of job environments, such as those in the healthcare industry, educational institutions, local and informal economies, and service industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actions of working women when their rights had been/will be violated. This quantitative study was conducted in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines among women in academe (n=121) and health institutions (n=39), and women of minimum-wage earners (n=42). Findings indicated that working women in the region tend to seek information outside their organizations when violence will happen; they also seek information when their rights once were violated. In some instances, they would only file a complaint when they feel discriminated against and when equal rights in the workplace are not well implemented. Notably, minimum-wage earners and health workers are more likely to file a complaint than teachers. The findings resonate with broader societal patterns wherein hesitancy to report workplace violations are deeply embedded. Such behaviors perpetuate gender-based violence and hinder the development of gender-sensitive and conducive workplaces. To deconstruct the gender and development (GAD) limitations, interventions need to extend beyond the present organizational policies to instill a culture of empowerment and safety for all individuals, fostering an environment conducive to open discussions, proactive conflict resolution mechanisms, and reliable report systems.

Mediation as a 21st century conflict resolution mechanism: Exploring procedural fairness experiences of mediation users in Ghanaian courts

AbstractMediation has become a contemporary conflict resolution mechanism in the 21st century that offers an alternative to traditional legal processes. This qualitative study explores the experiences of mediation users in three courts in the Central Region of Ghana, with a focus on procedural fairness. Grounded in the theory of procedural fairness, the study examines how Ghanaian and African conceptions of fairness influence mediation practice. The study found that the Ghanaian and African understanding of procedural fairness is rooted in specific situations—taking into account parties' demands in generating settlement agreements, allowing parties to select their mediators, involving important personalities in mediation, ensuring the fair settlement of cases, and deciding who should speak first. Participants evaluated procedural fairness within the context of confidentiality, neutrality, party empowerment, and the assurance of being heard. These evaluations align with what has been reported in Western literature. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on conflict resolution by providing insights into the significance of procedural fairness within mediation practice, with specific reference to Ghana. The findings underscore the importance of aligning mediation processes with principles of procedural fairness, offering valuable lessons for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers who seek to optimize the efficacy and fairness of mediation as a conflict resolution mechanism.

‘From divided past to cohesive future’: a reflection on the reconciliatory mechanisms of (Yoruba) traditional approaches to conflict resolution in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Traditional conflict resolution mechanisms in Nigeria are deeply rooted in customs, traditions, and native laws, forming a complex network that dispenses justice. Among these mechanisms, the reconciliation process stands out as a crucial traditional instrument, encompassing the pursuit of truth, justice, healing, and forgiveness. This study focuses on the Yoruba indigenous system and examines how its reconciliatory mechanisms contribute to conflict resolution through traditional reconciliation processes and in the healing of emotional wounds. Using qualitative research methods, this study generated data using interview protocols such as key informant interviews (KII) and naturalistic observational studies. This study explores the significance of indigenous practices in the reconciliation process within the Yoruba traditional society. These indigenous practices are employed to mend broken relationships and bridge the gaps created by conflicts. It further emphasizes that traditional conflict resolution approaches among the Yoruba ethnic group primarily serve the purposes of genuine reconciliation, peacebuilding, and maintenance of social relationships. This research confirms the appropriateness and practicality of Yoruba's traditional conflict resolution mechanisms as an effective home-grown approach. This demonstrates their compatibility with the modern Nigerian system, offering a pathway towards a cohesive future characterized by harmonious relationships.

Governance hurdles for expansion of low trophic mariculture production in Sweden

The study examines the governance of low trophic species mariculture (LTM) using Sweden as a case study. LTM, involving species such as seaweeds and mollusks, offers ecosystem services and nutritious foods. Despite its potential to contribute to blue growth and Sustainable Development Goals, LTM development in the EU and OECD countries has stagnated. A framework for mapping governance elements (institutions, structures, and processes) and analyzing governance objective (effective, equitable, responsive, and robust) was combined with surveys addressed to the private entrepreneurs in the sector. Analysis reveals ineffective institutions due to lack of updated legislation and guidance, resulting in ambiguous interpretations. Governance structures include multiple decision-making bodies without a clear coordination agency. Licensing processes were lengthy and costly for the private entrepreneurs, and the outcomes were uncertain. To support Sweden’s blue bioeconomy, LTM governance requires policy integration, clearer direction, coordinated decision-making, and mechanisms for conflict resolution and learning.

Assessment of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 1999 and 2001 protocols in the resolution of the Gambian post-election crisis

This study sought to appraise two Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocols; the Protocol on Conflict Prevention (1999) and the Democracy and Good Governance Protocol (2001), and how they address the political security challenge in Gambian. In resolving the Gambian crisis, ECOWAS adopted some of its already established protocols such as the ECOWAS Mechanism on Conflict Management, Resolution, Security, and Peacekeeping and the ECOWAS Protocol on Good Governance and Democracy. The study relied on the documentary method. So, data were collected from secondary sources by reviewing various newspapers, journals, textbooks, and online sources. The findings of the study reveal that ECOWAS was very successful in its Conflict Resolution Mechanisms in West Africa especially the use of the Protocol on Conflict Prevention (1999) and the Democracy and Good Governance Protocol (2001) as these helped to address the Political Security challenge in the Gambia. Consequently, this study concludes and recommends that other sub-regional bodies should emulate ECOWAS in adopting their conflict resolution mechanisms within their sub-region. Finally, the paper recommends that ECOWAS should ensure that democratic governance through free, fair, and credible elections, the rule of law, and respect for human rights are fully respected and implemented in her sub-region.

Indonesia Employment in 2023: Labor Force Conditions and Policy Developments in the Early Stages of the Demographic Bonus

In 2023, amidst the complexities of a volatile global economy, Indonesia demonstrated economic resilience, propelled by its dynamic workforce. This abstract synthesizes the intricate interplay between macroeconomic forces and employment trends within Indonesia, drawing from comprehensive data analyses and policy evaluations. The report encapsulates a year marked by economic recovery despite global headwinds such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, inflation surges, and supply chain interruptions. With a predicted global growth of 3.6% by the IMF, Indonesia's economy experienced fluctuations but maintained a growth trajectory from Q2 2022 to Q2 2023. Labor force data indicates a predominance of the working-age population, signaling potential for sustained productivity and economic fortitude. The demographic composition, skewed towards a younger populace, underpins the vibrant labor market. Employment policies have been responsive to digitalization, globalization, and demographic transitions, focusing on skill development, vocational training, and job safety. Notably, vocational training for SMK graduates was prioritized to match industry requirements. Regulatory advancements aim to balance worker protections with corporate operational efficiency. Amidst COVID-19's lingering impact, policy adaptations were crucial to support workers and businesses, exemplifying Indonesia’s agility in times of crisis. The landscape of employment disputes, predominantly centered around termination, underscores the necessity for robust conflict resolution mechanisms. With 71.15% of industrial disputes tied to terminations, mediation emerged as the preferred dispute resolution strategy. Regional data unveiled disparities in job placements and complaints, spotlighting the need for equitable workforce distribution and grievance redressal mechanisms. The report concludes that Indonesia's labor policies and employment conditions are dynamically evolving, poised to sculpt a robust, inclusive, and sustainable labor market landscape.

Advancements and innovations in requirements elicitation: Developing a comprehensive conceptual model

Requirements elicitation is a crucial phase in the software development lifecycle, ensuring that stakeholders' needs are understood and translated into system specifications. Traditional methods often face challenges such as ambiguity, inconsistency, and evolving requirements, leading to project delays and cost overruns. This review proposes a conceptual model that integrates advancements and innovations in requirements elicitation to address these challenges comprehensively. The proposed model leverages various techniques, including but not limited to, natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and human-computer interaction (HCI), to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of requirements elicitation. NLP techniques enable automated analysis of textual requirements documents, extracting key information and identifying implicit requirements. ML algorithms facilitate the prediction of potential changes in requirements based on historical data and project context, enabling proactive management of evolving requirements. Moreover, the integration of HCI principles in the requirements elicitation process enhances stakeholder engagement and collaboration. Interactive interfaces and visualization tools enable stakeholders to provide feedback in real-time, fostering a more iterative and participatory approach to requirement gathering. Additionally, techniques such as prototyping and simulation facilitate early validation of requirements, reducing the risk of misinterpretation and ensuring alignment with stakeholders' expectations. Furthermore, the proposed model emphasizes the importance of context-awareness in requirements elicitation. By considering the organizational, cultural, and environmental context of a project, the model adapts its elicitation strategies and techniques to suit specific needs and constraints. Context-awareness also enables the identification of implicit requirements that may not be explicitly stated but are crucial for the success of the system. The model also addresses the challenge of managing conflicting requirements by introducing a systematic approach to requirements prioritization and negotiation. By employing multi-criteria decision-making techniques, stakeholders can collaboratively prioritize requirements based on their importance, feasibility, and impact on project objectives. Conflict resolution mechanisms facilitate consensus-building and trade-off analysis, ensuring that the final set of requirements reflects the collective interests of all stakeholders. Additionally, the proposed model emphasizes the iterative nature of requirements elicitation, advocating for continuous refinement and validation of requirements throughout the development lifecycle. Feedback loops enable stakeholders to review and revise requirements based on evolving needs and changing circumstances, thereby enhancing the adaptability and resilience of the system. The conceptual model presented in this review represents a holistic approach to requirements elicitation, leveraging advancements and innovations in technology, human interaction, and context-awareness. By integrating these elements, the model aims to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction in the requirements elicitation process, ultimately contributing to the successful delivery of high-quality software systems.

Exploring the practices and challenges of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms in Raya Kobo Town, Ethiopia

Exploring the practices and challenges of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms in Raya Kobo Town, Ethiopia

NAVIGATING COMPLEXITIES: A REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS IN MULTINATIONAL ENERGY PROJECTS

This review paper examines the communication barriers encountered in multinational energy projects, focusing on the challenges posed by cultural differences, language barriers, and differing regulatory environments. It synthesizes existing literature on communication strategies and their effectiveness in complex project environments, providing a comprehensive overview of how project managers can overcome these barriers. The paper also discusses the role of cross-cultural training, language proficiency, and regulatory knowledge in improving communication and project outcomes. This paper will conduct a systematic review of existing research, case studies, and theoretical models related to communication in multinational project management. It will collate findings from various disciplines, including management science, communication studies, and international business, to propose integrated strategies for effective communication. Multinational energy projects, characterized by diverse stakeholders, geographically dispersed operations, and intricate regulatory environments, present a fertile ground for communication challenges. Language differences, cultural nuances, and varying communication norms often hinder seamless information exchange, impeding project progress and fostering misunderstandings. This review identifies several key barriers to effective communication in multinational energy projects. Firstly, linguistic diversity poses a significant hurdle, amplifying the risk of misinterpretation and miscommunication. Secondly, cultural disparities influence communication styles, decision-making processes, and conflict resolution mechanisms, necessitating cultural sensitivity and adaptability. Additionally, organizational hierarchies and power dynamics within project consortia can stifle open dialogue, hindering the flow of vital information across stakeholders. Moreover, technological barriers, such as inadequate infrastructure or incompatible communication platforms, further exacerbate communication challenges, particularly in remote or underdeveloped regions where many energy projects operate. Regulatory frameworks across different jurisdictions also introduce legal and compliance complexities, constraining information sharing and collaboration. The implications of these communication barriers extend beyond mere operational inefficiencies, impacting project outcomes, stakeholder relationships, and even the broader energy landscape. Delays, cost overruns, and quality issues resulting from communication breakdowns undermine project viability and investor confidence. Moreover, fractured relationships among stakeholders may lead to disputes, litigation, or reputational damage, tarnishing the industry's image and impeding future collaborations. Addressing communication barriers in multinational energy projects requires a holistic approach encompassing linguistic, cultural, organizational, technological, and regulatory dimensions. Embracing diversity, fostering inclusive communication practices, leveraging innovative technologies, and promoting cross-cultural understanding are essential strategies for navigating these complexities and fostering success in the dynamic realm of multinational energy ventures. Keywords: Complexities, Communication Barriers, Multinational Energy Projects.

Humanitarian Practices of Regional Organizations in the Russia-Ukraine War: Taking the European Union as an Example

The Russia-Ukraine war has resulted in a humanitarian crisis, with countless individuals affected by the conflict. In response, regional organizations have played a crucial role in providing humanitarian assistance and promoting peace in the region. This paper focuses on the European Union (EU) as an exemplary regional organization and examines its humanitarian practices during the Russia-Ukraine war. By analysing the EU’s policies, initiatives, and interventions, this study aims to shed light on the effectiveness of regional organizations in addressing humanitarian challenges in conflict zones. The research draws on a combination of primary and secondary sources, including official EU documents, reports, and scholarly articles. The findings highlight the EU’s multifaceted approach, encompassing humanitarian aid, diplomatic efforts, and conflict resolution mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper explores the strengths and limitations of the EU’s humanitarian practices, providing insights into potential areas for improvement. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of regional organizations’ role in mitigating the humanitarian consequences of conflicts and offers valuable lessons for future humanitarian interventions in similar contexts.