Capture Mechanism Research Articles

Hybridity in Non‐profits: Innovating for Social Value Creation

AbstractNon‐profits face rising pressure to secure funding and innovate for increasingly complex social problems, while cognizant that failed innovations could produce consequential societal harm. In a longitudinal case study, we apply a social innovation lens to examine how a non‐profit experiments with hybridity. Applying such a lens foregrounds mechanisms of social value creation, capture and distribution and reveals how non‐profits can move beyond managing tensions and instead look to reframe hybridity as innovation. Our study, based as it is in social innovation, brings a focus to organizational dynamics and processes and reveals how organizational responses to hybridity occur in mission and operations and, importantly, in strategy. This reconceptualization of hybridity makes a theoretical contribution in bridging literature on hybridity and social innovation, anchoring in management and strategy. It also makes a significant empirical contribution in reconceptualizing hybridity for practitioners and in showing how hybridity may then be viewed not as a threat to non‐profit values and traditions and not as an ongoing tension to resolve, but rather as a process to innovate and amplify social value and impact.

Positional Packet Capture for Anomaly Detection in Multitenant Virtual Networks

ABSTRACTAnomaly detection in multitenant virtual networks presents significant challenges due to the dynamic, ephemeral nature of virtualized environments and the complex traffic patterns they generate. This paper presents a definition of preferable positions within virtual networks to enhance anomaly detection efficacy. Leveraging a combination of overlay and underlay capture positions, this paper examines the strategic impact of network positioning on anomaly detection accuracy, particularly in environments utilizing software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV). Through controlled testing with realistic attack scenarios, including data exfiltration, denial of service, and malware infiltration, the advantages and constraints of each capture position are demonstrated. The findings underscore the necessity of adaptable capture mechanisms to address variability in data volume, encapsulation challenges, and privacy concerns unique to virtualized ecosystems. The paper further introduces a cost calculation model that evaluates each capture position by weighting key factors, enabling an optimized trade‐off between detection accuracy and resource efficiency. The derived classification of the positional value significantly improves real‐time detection of both internal and external threats within multitenant networks.

Understanding the Mechanism of Electrochemical CO2 Capture by Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption.

Carbon dioxide capture underpins an important range of technologies that can help to mitigate climate change. Improved carbon capture technologies that are driven by electrochemistry are under active development, and it was recently found that supercapacitor energy storage devices can reversibly capture and release carbon dioxide. So-called supercapacitive swing adsorption (SSA) has several advantages over traditional carbon dioxide capture technologies such as lower energy consumption and the use of nontoxic materials. However, the mechanism for the capture of CO2 in these devices is poorly understood, making it challenging to design improved systems. Here, the mechanism of SSA is investigated via finite-element modeling with COMSOL of aqueous continuum transport equations, coupled to the CO2 to bicarbonate reaction. This simple computational model reproduces the key experimental observations and shows that charging leads to bicarbonate depletion (or accumulation) in the electrodes, driving CO2 capture (or release) at the gas-exposed electrode. This suggests that relevant aspects of the mechanism are captured without excluding other mechanisms that might be at play in parallel as well. At very low charging currents, both experiments and modeling reveal a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide captured, suggesting the presence of competing processes at the two electrodes, and that SSA is an inherently kinetic phenomenon. This study highlights the importance of the operating conditions of these devices and may aid their development in the future.

Influence of Humidity on FFP Masks with Electret Filter Media Under Real-Life Wearing Conditions

Most FFP (Filtering Face Piece) masks are made from nonwoven filter media that are electrostatically charged, resulting in the additional electrostatic capture mechanism of particles. The protective effect of these masks is therefore mainly dependent on the electric field surrounding the charged fibers. Upon prolonged wear, the mask becomes saturated with exhaled air, resulting in humidification on the wearer’s side. However, speaking, coughing, or sneezing also generate droplets, which can deposit on the mask from the person wearing it, as well as from other people. In order to investigate this influence on the filtration efficiency and the existing electric field, an experimental study was carried out. To imitate human breathing, a test setup was constructed using a Sheffield Head with different types of masks. This was followed by the cyclical humidification and drying of the masks through simulated breathing. By observing these phases in detail using sample sections, it was possible to continuously record the water content in the samples, the relative humidity, and the pressure drop (breathing resistance). The results demonstrate that moisture has an impact on the filtration efficiency of the electret FFP masks when worn under real-life conditions and that the initial condition can be restored with sufficient drying time.

Lesson for Vietnam to Learn from Asian Countries’ Financial Instruments for Railway Projects

The development of Vietnam's railway infrastructure faces challenges in securing adequate funding and attracting private sector investment, which necessitates innovative financial strategies. This study aims to propose a comprehensive financial framework tailored to address these challenges. The research employs a comparative analysis method, examining financial instruments used in railway projects across several Asian countries, including Laos, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, and China. The findings reveal two key insights: (1) integrating railway infrastructure development with Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and Land Value Capture (LVC) mechanisms significantly boosts government revenues through property development aligned with TOD and LVC principles; (2) diversifying revenue sources—such as fare revenues, property development, and government subsidies—is crucial for ensuring the financial sustainability of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) railway projects and reducing associated risks, thereby encouraging private sector involvement. The proposed framework provides actionable strategies for Vietnam's specific context, offering implications for policymakers to enhance the viability of railway infrastructure projects through innovative financial models.

Enhancing CO2 Adsorption on MgO: Insights into Dopant Selection and Mechanistic Pathways.

Inspired by our recent success in designing CO2-phobic and CO2-philic domains on nano-MgO for effective CO2 adsorption, our ongoing efforts focus on incorporating dopants into pristine MgO to further enhance its CO2 adsorption capabilities. However, a clear set of guidelines for dopant selection and a holistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. In our investigation, we combined first-principles calculations with experimental approaches to explore the crystal and electronic structural changes in MgO doped with high-valence elements (Al, C, Si, and Ti) and their interactions with CO2. Our findings unveiled two distinct mechanisms for CO2 capture: Ti-driven catalytic CO2 decomposition and CO2 polarization induced by Al, C, and Si. Ti doping induced outward Ti atom displacement and structural distortion, facilitating CO2 dissociation, whereas C doping substantially bolstered the electron donation capacity and CO2 adsorption energy. Pristine and C-doped MgO engaged CO2 through surface O atoms, while Al-, Si-, and Ti-doped MgO predominantly relied on dopant-O atom interactions. Our comprehensive research, integrating computational modeling and experimental work supported by scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis, confirmed the superior CO2 adsorption capabilities of C-doped MgO. This yielded profound insights into the mechanisms and principles that govern dopant selection and design.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Dual-Functional Protic Ionic Liquids with a Superior High CO2 Absorption Efficiency.

As a predictive tool, quantum chemical calculations can be used to design protic ionic liquids (PILs) and predict the result. By adding anionic negative potential sites, two dual-functional PILs diethylenetriamine-barbituric acid [C4H14N3]2[C4H2N2O3] and diethylenetriamine-ethylenolactonium [C4H14N3]2[C3H2N2O2] were designed. The simulation results indicated that multisite absorption of anions and cations resulted in an expected absorption ratio exceeding 3:1 (mol CO2:mol ILs). Furthermore, the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy barrier were calculated. Based on this, the two PILs were synthesized in a controlled manner, and the experimental results demonstrated that 0.25 mol/L [C4H14N3]2[C4H2N2O3] and [C4H14N3]2[C3H2N2O2] exhibited a superior CO2 absorption capacity of 3.152 and 3.466 mol CO2/mol ILs, respectively. After five adsorption-desorption experiments, the regeneration rates of [C4H14N3]2[C3H2N2O2] were all higher than 90%. Finally, the reaction mechanism for CO2 capture in these PILs was revealed that the significant increase in capacity could be attributed to the combined absorption of double negative potential N atoms on anions and primary and secondary amines on cations by using 13C NMR.

Efficient Direct Air Capture in Industrial Cooling Towers Mediated by Electrochemical CO2 Release.

Direct air capture (DAC) is a promising technology for mitigating global climate change but suffers from low efficiency, small scale, and high cost due to the dilute atmospheric CO2, limited size of air contactors, and heat-driven CO2 release. Here, we propose combining DAC with widely used industrial cooling towers to extract CO2 from the air and using electrolysis to release the captured CO2 at room temperature. We first prepare a buffered absorbent solution consisting of sodium glycinate, glycine, and sodium chloride for effective CO2 capture from the air, solving the incompatibility problem of the cooling towers with conventional absorbents. Next, we employ a three-chamber electrolyzer for efficient release (≥95%) of the captured CO2 with high purity (≥98%) by constant current electrolysis at room temperature, bypassing the conventional energy-intensive heating process. The entire DAC system can operate stably for multiple cycles, and the mechanism for consecutive CO2 capture and release is uncovered. This work reveals the great potential of running DAC in industrial cooling towers coupled with electrochemically-driven CO2 release, opening up new avenues for curbing the increasingly severe climate change.

A high-precision trajectory capture and playback solver for KUKA iiwa robot

Abstract This paper introduces a sophisticated trajectory capture and playback mechanism for collaborative robots, aimed at enhancing accuracy and operational efficiency through several innovative techniques. The Ju-Gibbs attitude quaternion is utilized for enhanced kinematic modeling across multi-axis systems, which simplifies variables, reduces dimensions, and enhances symbolic clarity, thus surpassing the limitations of traditional rotation vectors and unit quaternions. A new sliding filter is developed to effectively reduce noise and optimize trajectory details more efficiently. Additionally, an automated mechanism is implemented for adjusting the sampling rate and removing static data points at the trajectory’s start and end, further refining data collection accuracy. These advancements have been successfully replicated on the Kuka robot LBR iiwa 7 R800, demonstrating the practical applicability of the solutions in real-world settings.

Specific capture of magnesium ions by phosphorus atomic sites on self-floating nuclei advances Mg/Li separation in salt lakes brine

Efficient magnesium-lithium separation is a critical step in extracting lithium ions from salt lakes brine. Precipitation of Mg2+ from liquid to solid is the simplest separation method, but a side reaction of Li+ adsorption by precipitated floc leads to incomplete Mg/Li separation and lithium loss. In this study, we grafted phosphorus atomic sites onto silica-based nuclei with self-floating separation capability to prepare adsorbents with specific capture ability for Mg2+, achieving efficient Mg/Li separation from brine. Surface composition analysis shows that the content of P element is 0.99 %, which contributed 82.20 mg g⁻1 of Mg2+ adsorption capacity of at room temperature. During this process, the content of Na and Ca elements in the material decreased by 1.47 % and 0.85 %, respectively, due to ion exchange and surface coverage. In samples of the same water quality as Smackover brine, the Li content in the Mg2+-captured material was only 3.20 % of that in directly precipitated Mg(OH)2, due to the adsorption selectivity coefficient of the material for Mg²⁺ to Li⁺ reaching 62.26. The outcomes of this research enlighten the selective capture ability and mechanism of phosphorus atomic sites for Mg2+, providing new insights for efficient Mg/Li separation from salt lakes to improve raw brain grade.

A Review of Algae-Based Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (Algae-Based CCUS)

Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), have garnered worldwide attention due to their significant environmental impacts. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques have emerged as effective solutions to address CO2 emissions. Recently, direct air capture (DAC) and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) have been advanced within the CCUS framework as negative emission technologies. BECCS, which involves cultivating biomass for energy production, then capturing and storing the resultant CO2 emissions, offers cost advantages over DAC. Algae-based CCUS is integral to the BECCS framework, leveraging algae’s biological processes to capture and sequester CO2 while simultaneously contributing to energy production and potentially achieving net negative carbon emissions. Algae’s high photosynthetic efficiency, rapid growth rates, and ability to grow in non-arable environments provide significant advantages over other BECCS methods. This comprehensive review explores recent innovations in algae-based CCUS technologies, focusing on the mechanisms of carbon capture, utilization, and storage through algae. It highlights advancements in algae cultivation for efficient carbon capture, algae-based biofuel production, and algae-based dual carbon storage materials, as well as key challenges that need to be addressed for further optimization. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of algae-based CCUS as a key component of global carbon reduction strategies.

An enhancement and mechanism of CO2 capture by a dual-amino porous ionic liquid

An enhancement and mechanism of CO2 capture by a dual-amino porous ionic liquid

In-situ grown Ti3C2@TiO2 heterostructure enables high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries with polysulfides capture and catalytic conversion mechanism

In-situ grown Ti3C2@TiO2 heterostructure enables high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries with polysulfides capture and catalytic conversion mechanism

Highly efficient CO2 capture on acid-treated sepiolite impregnated with mixed polyethyleneimine and diethanolamine

Amine-functionalized solid adsorbents exhibit broad prospects in CO2 capture from flue gases due to their high adsorption capacity and selectivity. However, reported adsorbents are still facing challenges, including high costs, the easy agglomeration of polyamines, and limited adsorption temperature ranges. In this study, sepiolite-based mixed amine adsorbents are prepared by synergistically impregnating acid-treated sepiolite with a mixture of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and diethanolamine (DEA). Results show that at a PEI/DEA loading ratio of 1:1 and a mixture loading of 60wt%, the CO2 adsorption capacity of the resulting adsorbent increases from 0.58mmol/g for acid-treated sepiolite to 2.89mmol/g at 60°C, and remains above 2.50mmol/g after 10 cycles. Meanwhile, the optimized adsorbent maintains a capacity of over 2.44mmol/g within the temperature range of 30–70°C. Additionally, the CO2 selectivity and maximum heat of adsorption for the optimized adsorbent are calculated to be 1184 and 60.08kJ/mol, respectively. An improved CO2 adsorption capacity is obtained, an increase from 0.052mmol/g for acid-treated sepiolite to 1.60mmol/g. Furthermore, an in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis reveals that the introduction of DEA into PEI helps in polyamine dispersion, thereby enhancing CO2 adsorption capacity. The CO2 capture mechanism follows a zwitterionic reaction, where CO2 is ultimately converted into carbamate and carbamic acid. Overall, the as-prepared sepiolite-based mixed amine adsorbents, which are characterized by high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity, low cost, broad adsorption temperature range, moderate heat of adsorption, and good cycle stability, show promising potential for industrial applications.

Understanding Wireless Debugging with Sniffers in Smart Home Environments

Wireless communication is becoming increasingly prevalent in smart home environments; the need for effective debugging methodologies has become paramount for system reliability and performance optimization. This comprehensive article analysis explores the implementation of wireless sniffers across multiple protocols, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee, with particular emphasis on their application in contemporary IoT devices. Through a detailed examination of chipset capabilities from major manufacturers, including Qualcomm Atheros, Texas Instruments, and Nordic Semiconductor, this article presents a structured approach to wireless debugging that encompasses packet capture mechanisms, signal analysis, and protocol verification. The investigation demonstrates how modern sniffer technologies can effectively diagnose common issues such as packet loss, signal interference, and protocol misconfigurations in smart home devices, including voice assistants, security systems, and environmental controls. By synthesizing practical implementation strategies with technical analysis, this article provides developers and system architects with actionable methodologies for improving wireless system reliability while highlighting the critical role of protocol analysis in ensuring robust IoT deployments.

Optimal long-term planning of CCUS and carbon trading mechanism in offshore-onshore integrated energy system

The offshore-onshore integrated energy system (OOIES) interconnects the offshore oil extraction platforms, offshore wind farms (OWFs), onshore coal/gas-fired power plants and oil distillation factories, which has great potential in CO2 emission reduction. To investigate its long-term CO2 emission reduction and economic benefits in the subsequent operation, an optimal long-term planning (OLTP) model of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and carbon trading mechanism (CTM) in OOIES is proposed. In the model, a CCUS model using the geological reservoir model for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is proposed, a price-based CTM with carbon emission allowance and Chinese certified emission reduction is included, multi-band intervals are used to describe the uncertain prices and OWF outputs, and GlueVaR is introduced to measure the risks caused by uncertainties for risk management. For the solution of the OLTP model, the geological reservoir model with partial differential equations is transformed into mix-integer linear constraints by using the implicit pressure explicit saturation method, the ReLU-based multi-layer perceptron method and the convex envelop relaxation technique. Moreover, by applying multi-band interval possibility degree and GlueVaR's coherence, the original uncertainty optimization model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model. Case study on an actual OOIES on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared to the optimal results without CCUS and CTM, the optimal results of the proposed method reduce the CO2 emission by 13.28 % and the expected value and GlueVaR of total cost by 2.381 % and 22.480 %, respectively.

Effect of mechanical compaction and nitrogen doping treatment on ultramicropore structure of biomass-based porous carbon and the mechanism of CO2 capture

In the preparation of biomass-derived porous carbon, targeting the enhancement of ultramicropore volume and understanding the effects of nitrogen doping on ultramicroporous structure are crucial for improving CO2 capture. Here, we prepared porous carbon using mechanical compaction and urea-assisted KOH activation of tobacco stem-derived hydrochar. The results showed that mechanical compaction increased the ultramicropore volume with little impact on oxygen content, leading to an increase in CO2 adsorption capacity, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.6mmol g−1 at 25℃ and 1 bar. In contrast, nitrogen doping negatively affected the ultramicropore structure and oxygen functionalities, resulting in a decrease in CO2 adsorption capacity. Furthermore, experimental and molecular simulation studies revealed that ultramicropore smaller than 0.5 nm predominantly determine the CO2 adsorption capacity at 0.15 bar and CO2/N2 selectivity. These findings provide theoretical and practical support for the development of efficient carbon-based CO2 adsorbents.

Modular arborized fog harvesting device with coordinated mechanism of capture and transport

With global water scarcity a growing problem, fog harvesting technology has emerged as an effective solution. Industrial development and population growth have exacerbated the need for efficient, dismantlable, and assembled fog harvesting devices, as well as the requirement to optimize the droplet capture-transport relationship. In this study, a novel modular bionic 3D tree-like structure for fog harvesting system (3D-TSFHS) was developed to achieve rapid droplet transport by means of Nepenthes-inspired superslip leaves (SSLs). In addition, aluminum (Al) cones with superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic (SHL-SHB) patterns were prepared to enhance the droplet capture efficiency by drawing on the special wettability and structural features of various plants and animals such as cactus, spider silk, desert beetles, lizards and camphor leaves. This artificial design significantly enhances the overall capture and transport relationship. The resulting embedded superslip leaves Al cone fog harvesting (E-SLAC-FH) dramatically improves the fog harvesting efficiency and exhibits excellent durability. Assembling this fog harvesting into a 3D-TSFHS achieves a high fog harvesting efficiency of 0.462 g∙cm−2∙min−1. The system's modular design and its exceptional durability ensure its potential for a wide range of applications in a variety of real-world scenarios.

Solid-State Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Capture by Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Incorporating Nickel Bis(diimine) Units.

This paper presents the first implementation of electrically conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 (Ni3(HITP)2) integrated with nickel bis(diimine) (Ni-BDI) units for efficient solid-state electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. The electrochemical cell assembled using Ni3(HITP)2 as working electrodes can reversibly capture and release CO2 through potential control. A high-capacity utilization of 96% and a Faraday efficiency of 98% have been achieved. The material also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability with its capacity maintained during 50 capture-release cycles and resistance to general interferences, including O2, H2O, NO2, and SO2. Capacity utilization of up to 35% is obtained at CO2 concentrations as low as 1%. The capture of CO2 at concentrations ranging from 1% to 100% requires exceptionally low energy consumption of only 30.5-72.4 kJ mol-1. Studies combining spectroscopic experiments and computational approaches reveal that the CO2 capture and release mechanism involves reversible carbamate formation on the N atom of the Ni-BDI unit in the MOF upon its one-electron redox reaction.

Computational Study of Carbon Dioxide Capture by Tertiary Amines.

The reaction mechanisms and corresponding structure-activity relationships of tertiary amines with respect to CO2 capture have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reaction mechanism for CO2 capture via base-catalyzed hydration to form bicarbonate is proposed to proceed in a single step involving proton transfer and the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond. Based on the height of the reaction barriers, we suggest that amines containing side chains with the ethyl group, along with a single hydroxyl group, and cyclic structures, are especially active for CO2 capture. The activation barrier is shown to be a descriptor for predicting the experimental CO2 loading values. To enhance the prediction accuracy for CO2 loading, we employ the sure-independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO) method, which can scan a large pool of mathematical terms stemming from combining DFT-derived descriptors to select the superior ones. Thus, we can predict the CO2 loading with acceptable accuracy from the obtained mathematical expression. Since the computational workload of applying this expression is negligible, this facilitates high-throughput screening and accelerates the design of tertiary amines for CO2 capture.