Mechanism Of Provision Research Articles

СЕРВИСНОЕ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЕ ПАССАЖИРОВ СИБИРСКОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ В КОНЦЕ XIX - НАЧАЛЕ XX В.

The article tackles the issue of actualizing the experience of the Russian railways in the sphere of passenger service at the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century. Analysing the mechanism of transport service provision at the Trans-Siberian railway the author emphasizes the two-level process of its realization: acceptable (safety, observance of sanitary and hygienic norms, regularity, speed, availability) and excessive (high level of comfort, culture of service). The author concludes that the Siberian railway as a private enterprise consistently raised both the levels of passenger service.

Development of the Elements of the Mechanism Accounting and Analytical Support of Economic Security of Construction Enterprises

For effective ensuring economic safety of subjects of construction business it is expedient to consider specifics of their functioning, including features of system of management, organizational structure, system of controlling, the reporting, etc. At the same time, in some cases, the conduct of control procedures, as well as «traditional» security measures does not ensure the economic security of construction enterprises in full, as often information about the facts of economic life is considered without taking into account aspects of their reflection in financial, managerial and tax accounting. The formation of accounting information in financial, managerial and tax accounting involves a large number of unresolved issues on the allocation of threats, including the financial position of the construction company, p. All this requires the development of elements of the mechanism of accounting and analytical provision of economic security of construction enterprises. The article defines and substantiates the criteria for ensuring the economic security of accounting, consisting in the correct application of the principles of financial, managerial and tax accounting, offers new and improved indicators characterizing the point of occurrence of threats to the financial position of the construction company. Recommendations on determination of break-even point which purpose is measurement of sensitivity of the received profit to the arising threats of economic security are resulted. The proposal for the revision of the grouping of costs into variable, constant, quasi-variable, semi-fixed, with the purpose of improving methods of determining the required breakeven point.

Щодо окремих питань законодавчого забезпечення сучасного сільськогосподарського виробництва

Розглянуто питання законодавчого забезпечення сучасного сільськогосподарського виробництва в аспекті його сталого розвитку. Проаналізовано стан законодавства, що забезпечує функціонування сільгоспвиробництва у сучасних умовах, виокремлено його характерні риси й особливості. Наголошено та всебічно розглянуто такі риси, як відсутність єдиного спеціального нормативно-правового акта, нормами якого були б урегульовані відносини у сфері сталого розвитку сільськогосподарського виробництва, чисельність, комплексність, динамічність, актуалізація значення норм міжнародно-правового характеру тощо. Встановлено, що законодавство у досліджуваній сфері являє собою величезний за обсягом, комплексний масив нормативного матеріалу, як зі сфери аграрного права, так й інших галузей національного права, і потребує вдосконалення. Визначено, що вдосконалення має відбуватися таким чином, щоб нормативно-правові акти забезпечували якість, стабільність, узгодженість та системність регулювання. Зауважено, що має йтися про якісну юридично-законодавчу діяльність, результатом якої стане створення ефективного та дієвого механізму правового забезпечення сталого розвитку сільськогосподарського виробництва. Запропоновано прийняття Закону України «Про сталий розвиток сільських територій», окремий розділ якого має бути присвячено врегулюванню відносин у сфері забезпечення сталого розвитку сільськогосподарського виробництва, розроблено його структуру. Ключові слова: законодавче забезпечення, законодавство, сільськогосподарське виробництво, сталий розвиток, джерела аграрного права

ECONOMIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGENCY RELATIONS IN A CRISIS PERIOD

The purpose of the article is the research of economic-legal and organizational principles of problem solution of economic agents’ functioning and implementation of activities within the system of anti-crisis measures in order to ensure the effective functioning of the country’s economic system. Crisis phenomena change the living tendencies of any economic agent. The purpose of each economic agent is to create sufficient capacity for functioning and development in favourable and especially in crisis conditions. In order to ensure the effective development of a business entity as an economic agent, the main condition is the maximization of its value by increasing the investment attractiveness and level of competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. Formation of this condition is a prerequisite for survival in a crisis situation and development ensuring in favourable circumstances. The elements of anti-crisis management should be correctly integrated into the general policy of the management system of economic agents at the microeconomic and macroeconomic level. The subject of the study is the functioning of economic agents in a crisis. Research methodology. The study is based on the use of general scientific and specialscientific methods of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed investigating the definition of agency relations. The method of system analysis was used to study the principles and economic and legal preconditions of the functioning of the anti-crisis management systems. The system-structural method helped to study basic precrisis measures to develop crisis-response potential of maritime agency service. Practical implications. The article considers the mechanism of economic and legal provision of anti-crisis management drawing on the example of maritime agents. The most significant components of the transaction costs of the principal are determined. Value/originality. The role of maritime agents’ associations has been identified. The necessity and preconditions for accelerating the adaptation of the world experience of the functioning of self-regulated organizations in the field of the maritime agency, in order to improve the state of the majority of economic entities, is proved. The development of cluster forms of the organization of interaction of different participants in maritime activity was determined as a positive trend. The promising area for further research is the formation of a model of responsible relationships between economic agents of different levels in order to achieve optimal results of realization of individual and social economic interests at key stages of the life cycle of the economic systems functioning.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SOCIAL MECHANISM OF PROVISION OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE SPHERE OF INTERETHNIC AND INTERCONFESSION RELATIONS

An article presents the analysis of methodological approaches to the construction of a model of social mechanism of provision of social security in the sphere of interethnic and interconfession relations in conditions of the migration processes transformation. A general focus lays on the analysis of social mechanism of provision of social security in the context of social risks in the sphere of interethnic and interconfession relations; it includes three level of analysis: micro level (institutional), meso level (social-group) and micro level (individual). The given conceptual model has a number of important methodological and methodical functions, helps to make the understanding of the process of provision of social security in the sphere of interethnic and interconfession relations more holistic; makes interregional and international correlations in the study of interethnic and interconfession relations in conditions of the migration processes transformation more system and operationalized.

Аналіз порушень митного законодавства в Україні

У статті проведено аналіз сутності порушень митного законодавства. Розкрито сутність механізму адміністративно-правового забезпечення охорони митного правопорядку та проаналізовано основні показники діяльності виконавчих органів у сфері боротьби з митними правопорушеннями

Фінансовий механізм та інструменти забезпечення стійкого розвитку аграрних підприємств

Фінансовий механізм та інструменти забезпечення стійкого розвитку аграрних підприємств

Administrative Challenges of WAQF Institution in the Contemporary World: Future Prospects

This paper aims at exploring the administrative challenges of waqf as a prominent mechanism of poverty alleviation and provision of social welfare services. Waqf is generally regarded to be one of the most effective ways of expressing philanthropy for sustaining the welfare of the needy, the poor, the family, and the society. Through this philanthropic institution, wealth is transferred from private ownership to public utility. Personal assets of useful value can be endowed in waqf for the all-round services of the society; religious, social, economic, and educational sectors, under certain conditions and regulations laid down by the Sharīʻah. Right from the time of the Holy Prophet, waqf has been benefitting people and defraying public expenses as it served as an effective means of funding mosques, graveyards, orphanages, schools, hospitals, bakeries, warehouses, mills, and numerous humanitarian or religious foundations. Similarly, this institution was successfully financing agriculture, horticulture and water resources during the previous centuries, as it was used to cater for the aged, infirm, destitute, and even animals. However, with the advent of colonialism in the Islamic world and subsequent negative transformation of Islamic culture and tradition, this strategic financial institution eventually started to turn into a shadow of its former glorious status. By adopting the narrative approach of qualitative research method, this study analyses the current administrative problems facing waqf institution in a bid to finding their lasting solutions and resuscitating its humanitarian functions.

Analytical modeling and inertia estimation of VSG-controlled Type 4 WTGs: Power system frequency response investigation

This paper develops a model to study the inertial dynamics of single Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG)s that emulate the response of grid-friendly Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG)s. In this vein, a simplified linearized model is developed for the WTG in the electromechanical time scale considering complete WTG dynamics to obtain/investigate the power System Frequency Response (SFR) characteristics. The objectives are to obtain virtual frequency motion equation, present the mechanism of inertia provision clearly, and feature physical interpretations of inertial frequency response. Accordingly, the available inertia constant and damping coefficient are estimated/expressed analytically in frequency-domain that synthetically embed the impacts of key control parameters as well as the initial operating points. It is realized that the available inertia constant and damping coefficient are adjustable and frequency dependent in contrast to that's manifested by a conventional synchronous generator. The developed virtual frequency motion equation is used in turn to establish/investigate the complete SFR model of a generic test power grid which features enormous wind power generation capacity factor. The theoretical analysis shows that the SFR attributes could get adjusted/enhanced by proper tuning of the WTG control parameters. Comprehensive and comparative time domain simulations are also performed in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. It is to verify the accuracy of the proposed models in the evaluation of SFR characteristics and authenticate the theoretical analysis.

Horizontal equalization of regional budgets in the system of interbudget financial provision of regions of Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to investigate a financial component of interbudget relations in Ukraine in part of providing and improving the horizontal equalization of regional budgets under the conditions of decentralization. We aim to measure horizontal fiscal imbalance in Ukraine before and after implementation of the decentralization reform: the changes in the horizontal levelling of regional budgets in pre-reform period and during a period of budgetary decentralization. The methodology of the research is based on the theory of public finance, in particular on the theory of fiscal federalism. Study uses the estimation of the statistical data of the authorized bodies related to the distribution of the state budget funds over the regions of Ukraine. The time interval of the research is four years (2015-2018) due to the starting time of implementation of the decentralization reform in Ukraine and the availability of published statistical information. Software packages MS Excel 2016 and SSPSS Statistics 17.0, StatGraphics Plus 5.0 are used for economic-statistical calculations. Such analysis is conducted using the methods of synthesis, tabular, graphic, cluster and correlation analysis. The constrains of the study are related to the incomplete statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the State Treasury Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. Results. It is proved that the equalization subsidy was the main tool for equalizing of the revenue part of local budgets. It formed about a quarter of revenue of local budgets and about half of official transfers of local budgets. It is found out that horizontal imbalance is much lower after the decentralization reform in Ukraine: after reforming the horizontal equalization, the absolute volume of the horizontal equalization decreased by 11.5 times, relative indicators decreased by 15 times. A detailed analysis reveals the existence of imbalances in the horizontal equalization of regional budgets in Ukraine in 2015-2018. Furthermore, the present system of horizontal equalization is ineffective according to the criterion of fiscal efficiency and contradicts a basic approach of budget decentralization. Four budget clusters are identified based on the criterion of distribution of basic subsidy: 1-st cluster of budgets with average size of basic subsidy (budgets of Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Chernigiv, Kirovograd, Khmelnytsky, Mykolayiv and Cherkasy regions); 2-nd cluster of budgets with minimum amounts of basic subsidy (budgets of Luhansk and Sumy regions), and with the change of directions of horizontal equalizationts (budgets of Donetsk, Kharkiv, Odesa and Lviv regions); 3-rd cluster of budgets with maximum size of the basic subsidy (regional budgets of Volyn, Rivne, Kherson, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions); 4-th cluster of budgets of those who transfered a reverse grant to the State Budget of Ukraine (budgets of Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv and Poltava regions). Practical meaning. The directions of improvement of the horizontal equalization of regional budgets in Ukraine are substantiated, among them: introduction of the index of horizontal equalization; constance of approaches to horizontal equalization for three years according to requirements of medium-term budget planning and sustainable development of regions; extending the interval of the index of horizontal levelling. The prospects for further study are related to the justification of the mechanism of financial provision of local government in the context of implementation policy of decentralization.

Analysis of regulatory and legal framework for regulation of the sphere of provision of medical services in Ukraine

The article analyzes the basic legal acts which regulate the sphere of medical services provision from the point of view of their relevance to the strategic principles of reforming the medical sector in Ukraine as a sphere of providing quality medical services. Attention is paid to the fact that they have a general discrepancy between the social significance of the healthcare industry, as well as the constitutional status of the right to health protection, and the unjustified low level of theoretical substantiation of the branch legal regime in the field of healthcare. The necessity of further substantiation of the independence of medical law, which should be formed in a separate branch, is emphasized. The perspective directions of conceptual modernization of the field of medical regulation in Ukraine in the part of strengthening its social orientation are determined. The emphasis is on the main directions of the reform in the sphere of provision of medical services in the framework of the Strategy of sustainable development ‘Ukraine – 2020, which should ensure its long term development on the basis of orientation to the quality of services, their economic feasibility and social orientation. The financial-economic component of the state management in the health care is singled out and its importance under the current conditions is emphasized. It was shown that it manifests itself not only in the financial provision of health care activities, its institutions, but also in the development and implementation of measures to control compliance with the rule of law by the subjects of the medical market. Insufficient financing of the industry coupled with instability and inadequacy of public administration and legal regulation of the system. These are the main causes of the problems in the development of the domestic health care system. The size of the guaranteed level of medical care to the population with avoiding the shadow payment of medical care also requires defining. Priority of the resolution of the primary tasks of the healthcare system puts the problem of developing recommendations on improving the organizational forms of industry management and the mechanism of legal provision of its progressive development to the problem of public administration, which is the article directed to.

Risk-oriented provision of mining operations safety at the enterprises of mineral resources sector in Russia

The development of the Russian economy for many years will be based on the effective use of mineral resources. At the same time the development of deposits characterized by the worst mining and geological conditions, while increasing the intensity of mining operations, leads to an increase in mining risks. In the paper, recommendations are given on a set of measures aimed at ensuring the safety of mining operations at the enterprises of the mineral resources sector in Russia based on the analysis of the current regulatory and legal framework and the assessment of factors that affect the growth of the probability of emergency situations. The obtained conclusions are drawn from the situation in the Russian coal industry. The proposed recommendations are based on a risk-oriented approach illustrated by the example of the coal industry. In the paper the directions for improvement of the mechanism of organizational-economic provision of mining operations safety at the enterprises of the coal industry are presented.

Organizational and economic support of small business development in Ukraine

The article describes the economic situation of development in Ukraine, revealed the factors that create obstacles to private sector development. The article argued the need of reformatting the state policy with the release of small businesses, as equal entities, given the above, it is proposed to change the approach to the formation of the provisions of the Development Strategy, highlighting separately as an object - small business. The means and mechanism of organizational and economic provision and regulation by the state are considered, the role and importance of deregulation are separately defined. Separately paid attention to assessing the impact of the fixed assets of the state on the development of small business, including legislatively fixed: providing investment, tax and other benefits, the provision of subsidies, compensation, targeted innovation and subsidies. Based on the analysis, the expediency of legislative complementation of the main means of state influence on the development of small by and business insurance was suggested and argued, among which microcredits are separately singled out. In the article, the institutional environment for small entrepreneurship in Ukraine has been developed and proposed, namely the classification of these in three groups, thus dividing the entire set of public authorities and organizations that create a mechanism for implementing state policy in the small by organizational economic powers, functions and competence. Identified significant shortcomings of enterprise development strategies, the ways of eliminating the absence of the distribution of powers in accordance with the competence of the authorized bodies, analyzed the fatal error under union coordination, implementation, and analysis of the implementation of the strategy by one government agency. Ways of improving and modernizing the powers and competence of the state authorities, legal mechanisms for the implementation of public policy, it is proposed to create a State Committee of Small Business and Regulatory Policy, would perform the function of the working body, providing high-quality implementation of the plan and the strategy of development of small in the country. The creation of the Insurance Fund for Organizations and Associations was proposed, and proposals for changes to lending were put forward.

СТАН I ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ БАНКІВСЬКОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ

Досліджено теоретичні аспекти надання банківських кредитів підприємствам сільського господарства. Розкрито специфіку проблем, з якими стикаються учасники ринку банківського кредитування аграрної сфери в Україні. Акцентовано на тому, що в аграрному секторі традиційні перепони на шляху активування банківського кредитування доповнюються низькою якістю застави, високою ризикованістю агробізнесу, неефективністю кредитної політики, неврахуванням специфіки галузі тощо. Їх усунення передбачає симбіоз управлінських рішень багатьох суспільних інституцій. У цьому руслі важлива подальша імплементація ухвалених державою програмних документів з отримання часткової компенсації відсоткових ставок за залученими кредитами і поліпшення кредитного клімату. Досліджено динаміку обсягів і структури банківського кредитування сільсьгосппідприємств. Попри розвиток партнерських форм залучення позикових коштів, банківське кредитування перманентно слугує драйвером розвитку вітчизняних сільгосппідприємств. Свідченням цього є прискорене зростання обсягів кредитів, виданих таким підприємствам порівняно з кредитуванням підприємств інших секторів економіки. Доведено зміцнення позицій галузі сільського господарства на ринку кредитів та їхній позитивний вплив на виробництво сільгосппродукції. Протягом 2010—2016 рр. збільшення банківського кредитування на млрд грн призводило до збільшення виробництва продукції сільськогосподарськими підприємствами на 82 грн/га, усіма господарствами – на 57 грн/га. Економетричний аналіз виявив, що зміна ВВП України на 78,1 % залежить від зміни кредитування сільськогосподарських корпорацій. Якщо кредити сільгосппідприємствам терміном на п’ять років збільшаться на 1 млн грн, то можна очікувати збільшення обсягу ВВП у середньому на 0,164 млрд грн. Окреслено напрями поліпшення кредитування сільсьгосппідприємств, серед яких: застосування дієвого стратегічного напряму кредитної політики банківських установ – аутсорсингу; державна фінансова підтримка за рахунок компенсації кредитних ставок для аграріїв; розвиток кредитної кооперації.

FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF THE SOCIO-ORIENTED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK SEA REGION

The aim of the article is to study the current state of financial provision of the social sphere of the Black Sea region and to develop practical recommendations for its optimization in conditions of decentralization processes. Methodology. We have made a generalization of the theoretical provisions of the financial mechanism of the social sphere of the region. We propose to investigate the financial mechanism of the social sphere of the Black Sea region by means of analysis of indicators of income and expenditure parts of the budget of regions of the Black Sea region. At the present stage of the gradual transformation of the socio-economic development of the regions and in the context of the implementation of the budget decentralization reform, a number of acute problems from the financial support of social development, the guarantee of social standards for the population, and the improvement of the quality of social services arose. The solution of these problems needs a substantial research in the direction of developing the best models for financing social development of the regions, which will promote the achievement of decent social standards and stimulate economic growth. The financial mechanism for providing social development of the Black Sea region is analysed, the current state of the regional budget in terms and trends in financing social expenditures of the region is identified. It is determined that despite the increase in tax revenues, local authorities still do not have sufficient financial resources to perform their functions and tasks. It adversely affects the development of social infrastructure, provision of social services, and does not contribute to the effective human development, which serves not only as the main goal but also as a key determinant of the economic development of the region. It is substantiated that in order to improve the situation in the social sphere of the region, it is necessary to improve the financial mechanism of social security. On the basis of the investigated scientific approaches, the concept of “mechanism of the financial provision of socially-oriented regional development” is clarified, directions of budget and extrabudgetary financing of social expenditures are substantiated, and proposals on the improvement of financial management of social sphere in the conditions of decentralization are developed. Results. To improve the system of financial provision of social development of the region, it was proposed to establish clear and transparent financial relations in the areas of income generation and distribution of regional budget expenditures at all levels, to create conditions for additional attraction of financial resources from extrabudgetary sources aimed at the implementation of regional social programs, and to form an effective system control over the functioning of the financial mechanism, primarily on the part of the territorial communities. Value/originality. The concept of the mechanism of the financial provision of socially-oriented regional development is generalized. An estimation of the social sphere of the Black Sea region is carried out on the basis of the analysis of indicators of income and expenditure parts of budgets of regions of the Black Sea region, the use of which allows determining the perspective directions of the social sphere of the Black Sea region.

ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА: ОПЫТ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ

The article summarizes the forms of financing the social entrepreneurship in a comparative perspective of Great Britain and Russia. Research methods: a general characteristic of social entrepreneurship in Great Britain is based on a secondary analysis of the PwC research data in the context of the fields of activity and organizational-and-legal forms of social enterprises. The study of forms of financing social enterprises in Great Britain is based on the method of classifying forms of financing; comparative analysis of forms of financing in the context of characteristics, objectives with a description of specific implementation cases in Great Britain and Russia. Results of the research: a classification of the forms of financing the social entrepreneurship has been proposed depending on the source of income, goals, tangibility, and the mechanism of provision; in Great Britain, a diversified structure of social enterprise financing is used. In Russia, forms of non-repayable financing (grants, donations) prevail with complete underdevelopment of forms of social investment. The results of the study may be used in the development of forms of financing the social entrepreneurship in Russia.

MECHANISM OF FINANCING ENERGY EFFECTIVE MEASURES IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

The article offers a brief analysis of the mechanism of financial provision of energy saving measures. Particular attention is paid to the financing mechanism of projects, which relate to energy efficiency using credit resources provided by banks. The sources and mechanisms of financing energy efficiency measures in Ukraine are considered. In particular those are budget, bank loans, own funds of enterprises and population. Scientific and methodological and practical works are analysed. The main ways of energy saving research are defined. The directions of ensuring the energy security of Ukraine are generalised. The positive experience of the EU energy saving policy is analysed. The functioning of institutional mechanisms of public policy realization in the field of energy conservation is investigated. The tendencies of this policy realization are defined. The factors that influence its development are grounded.

FORMATION OF MECHANISM OF INSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROVIDERS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

The article defines the methods and principles of forming the mechanism of institutional regulation of social and economic provision of persons with disabilities, deficiencies of the domestic financial mechanism of socio-economic provision of persons with disabilities and mechanisms of institutional regulation of socio-economic provision of persons with disabilities.

Guidelines on calculation of the concrete thermal treatment modes

The article provides guidelines on calculation of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete thermal treatment modes: the problem of thermal treatment mode by setting the mathematical temperature field model in the hardening concrete has been solved; model equation which allows calculating the temperature field in the hardening concrete structure using computer software has been solved numerically. One of the most pressing social problems in the world is the problem of housing for citizens, towards whom the state has obligations in accordance with applicable law. Currently, the most efficient way to solve this problem directly is a mechanism of provision of housing at the expense of state funds. Successful completion of such programs is also achieved due to the formation of an affordable economy class housing market that meets the requirements of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. In turn, the energy efficiency criterion is achieved by rational choice of technology and organization of construction operations. An important criterion for energy efficiency of cast reinforced concrete technology utilization is the rational temperature condition of concrete hardening.

ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ДОСВІД ПОЛЬЩІ ТА УКРАЇНИ

У статті науково обґрунтовані напрями удосконалення механізму фінансового забезпечення розвитку економіки України з урахуванням досвіду Польщі. Авторами сформульовано поняття «фінансове забезпечення розвитку економіки». У статті проаналізовано фінансове забезпечення економіки України і Польщі у розрізі внутрішніх та частково зовнішніх джерел формування фінансових ресурсів. Авторами підтверджено, що одним із визначальних чинників відставання темпів розвитку економіки України від економіки Польщі є обмежений доступ до фінансування господарюючих суб’єктів та різна ефективність використання джерел фінансування економіки. Зроблено висновки щодо дієвості та ефективності використання механізму фінансового забезпечення економіки України та напрацьовано пропозиції щодо її підвищення.