Mechanism Of Partnership Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF ACTIVITY OF PRETRIAL INVESTIGATION BODIES

The article reveals the essence of the organizational and legal basis of the activity of pretrial investigation bodies. The scientific conclusions regarding the organizational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies were analyzed. The main areas of research of scientists who at various stages were engaged in the study of problems related to the general characteristics of the organizational and legal foundations of pre-trial investigation bodies were studied. It is substantiated that the organizational and legal principles of the activities of pretrial investigation bodies determine the dynamics of the implementation of the goals of these bodies through a system of actions, operations that change, develop and improve, thanks to which the goals and the tasks and functions of the pretrial investigation bodies are manifested. The organizational and legal principles of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies are characterized by continuity, cyclicality, carried out simultaneously in different directions. The analysis of the content of the organizational side of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies shows that the organizational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies is the activity of subjects united in a certain organizational structure (pre-trial investigation bodies and their employees), which is aimed at solving practical problems and achieving the goals set before the system of pre-trial investigation bodies by implementing the necessary types of activities based on the defined principles of administration, with the use of appropriate administration methods. It is emphasized that the study of the organizational and legal foundations of the activity of pretrial investigation bodies allows to determine the optimal ways of development and modernization of the law enforcement sphere to European standards. Attention is focused on the fact that in the current military state of the state, the issues of ensuring the proper organization of the activities of pre-trial investigation bodies, the implementation of the state security policy, the creation of legal and organizational mechanisms of public-private partnership regarding the above-mentioned issue by stimulating and involving the nonstate sector in solving law enforcement problems, regulating at the legislative level all forms of public-private partnership in the law enforcement sphere. Key words: investigators of the National Police, security agencies, the State Bureau of Investigation, detectives of the Bureau of Economic Security.

Institutional constraints and opportunities for public-private partnership development in telemedicine

Subject. The article considers problems of attracting investments into telemedicine in Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze prospects for remote delivery of health care services, assess the legal framework for public-private partnership development in health care. Methods. The study employs methods of institutional analysis and economic statistics. Results. One of the most attractive options for the development of digital health services and telemedicine in Russia in conditions of its economic blockade and limited access to advanced global technologies is the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. There are many major players in the Russian telemedicine market, the software is being improved. Conclusions. To develop telemedicine in Russia, attract investment, including through the mechanisms of PPP, it is required to improve the methodological and regulatory framework in this area, accelerate processes of import substitution of high-tech equipment, implement mechanisms to ensure project payback, consistently solve problems of institutional and market constraints.

The relevance of environmental education and raising the environmental awareness of citizens in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

The article points out the priority of ecological education, and ecological education in the educational process focuses attention on the purpose and fundamental tasks of ecological education at the current stage. It is also noted that great attention has been paid to the problem of environmental education during the past two decades in Ukraine, particularly the active development of both formal and informal types of environmental education. It is emphasized that the content of environmental education should be the formation of a personality with an ecological outlook on compliance with the norms of ecologically correct behavior and the implementation of practical actions to protect one's health and the natural environment, as well as the development of a system of scientific knowledge. The concept and classification of ecological consciousness are discussed. It is indicated that the multi-level and fundamental environmental education and promotion system is a mandatory condition for forming environmental awareness. It is noted which set of solutions should be implemented to increase the level of environmental awareness of Ukrainians and to form a helpful attitude towards the environment. Thus, it is proposed to implement legislative and institutional. Budgetary solutions: to start conducting systematic sociological studies of the state of environmental consciousness of Ukrainians, to develop an actual concept of continuous environmental education and enlightenment of all categories and strata of the population, to annually allocate funds to the state budget for the implementation of these measures, to attract international financial assistance, mechanisms of public-private partnership, disseminate information with clarifications of legislation, ways of implementing environmental regulations. Attention is focused on the results of research by several scientists, who prove that using modern weapons during military conflicts negatively affects the ecological state, destroys natural ecosystems and biocenotic relationships, and causes human intervention in natural processes. The fundamental environmental problems that arise as a result of hostilities, as well as the main environmental problems caused by russia's war against Ukraine, are identified. It pointed out the importance of changing environmental awareness and the need for strict control over compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation on the part of responsible state institutions, especially in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, to solve environmental problems, as well as to train Ukrainian citizens with a high level of environmental knowledge, environmental awareness, and culture based on new criteria for assessing the relationship between human society and nature. The prospects of further research in the development of this topic are substantiated.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF THE “GREEN” ECONOMY OF THE MEGAPOLIS

The purpose of the research is to analyze the concept of public-private partnership and the practice of its implementation in the field of «green» economy to achieve sustainable development of the city.Methodology – the study is based on scientific papers on the topic of public-private partnership, collected from the international databases Scopus, Web of Science for the period from 2008 to 2021. The main research methods include historical and logical methods, observation, analysis and synthesis.Originality / value – the authors present the most common models of public-private partnership in different countries of the world, describe the development of the concept of public-private partnership in Kazakhstan, including the field of "green" economy.Findings. The results of the study demonstrate the growing role of the private sector in the implementation of public-private partnerships to achieve the city's sustainable development goals. The mechanism of publicprivate partnership makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of services traditionally provided by the state, while reducing the financial burden on the state budget. The most successful models are publicprivate partnerships in the implementation of urban infrastructure projects based on «green» technologies and «green» financing. However, the number of «green» public-private partnership projects is significantly less than in other sectors of the economy. Currently, conditions have been formed in Kazakhstan for the implementation of the concept of public private partnership, however, in the field of green economy, this concept is not yet fully implemented. The main reason is the low profitability of projects, in this regard, it is necessary to provide in the legislation incentive measures for the development of public-private partnership by simplifying the procedures for concluding contracts, providing tax benefits, subsidies and revising the rates of fees for the provision of services.

PROACTIVE BUDGETING TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL REGULATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

Modern Russian society is in a state where processes of active involvement of citizens and organizations in the budget process, in complicity in solving the most important socio-economic problems of the territories, in increasing the level of interaction of the population with the authorities, and the level of mutual trust are needed. The mechanism of such a private-public partnership in this area in the form of initiative budgeting has been determined. The elements of this mechanism are disclosed, the presence of which indicates that the technologies of initiative budgeting have developed. The importance of developing such technologies in the youth environment, in rural areas was emphasized. The legal framework for the development of the private-public partnership mechanism was analyzed. The dynamics of initiative budgeting indicators from 2015 to 2020 in Russia was considered. The main sources of financing for initiative budgeting projects have been identified. Practice classification was carried out, the results of initiative budgeting were assessed. The dynamics of the implementation of projects for young people on the example of events for 2022 is especially considered in detail. The results of the number of developed projects in the context of municipalities of the Udmurt Republic, as well as within the framework of two practices: "Our Initiative" and "Atmosphere," were summed up. In order to counter the increase in the number of unrealized applications, the forecast for an increase in project financing from budgets for 2023 is justified. Disclosed promising directions for the development of initiative budgeting in the region.

Failure of PPP mechanism: A cross-country analysis of these unique issues associated with the road sector in Southeast Asian markets

To meet financial requirement for infrastructure development, the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) mechanism has been applied in a range of nations as a promising solution. However, unpredicted collapses that are linked to PPP applications have been experienced worldwide despite scientific protocols and concentrated efforts from engaged sectors. Numerous academic works have attempted to minimize PPP failures by exploring the area of risk management. However, there are limited efforts focusing on Southeast Asia. Previous studies in these markets have mainly identified risks, rather than in-depth analysis of root causes of failure, or proposing practical solution. This paper, by carrying out an evidence-based analysis of the Southeast Asia experience with an intensive focus on emerging markets, analyzes critical reasons and their underlying connections that result in PPP failure. Research outcomes also suggest using constructive strategies promoting a regulatory framework to diminish collapses that affect drivers and so enable the restoration of PPPs.

Государственно-частное партнерство в системе регионального управления

The subject of the study is public-private partnership. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the development of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objectives of the study are to identify the essence and significance of public-private partnership in the development of the economy of the regions and the country as a whole. The novelty of the research: the essence of the mechanism of public-private partnership, the features of its application in the Republic of Bashkortostan are revealed. Conclusions: representatives of the business community and authorities at various levels are interested in the effectiveness of the functioning of the public-private partnership mechanism. Private investments contribute to stimulating the development of territories and economic entities based on innovations.

Economic mechanisms of public-private partnership and analysis of its effectiveness

Object: The purpose of the article is to study the economic mechanisms of public-private partnerships and their effective use.Methods: General scientific (monographic research, examination, comparison) and special (economic and statistical analysis) methods.Results: First, the economic basis and essence of the concept of an economic mechanism were studied. The essence of scientific theories related to the economic mechanism was revealed. The content of the economic mechanism of PPP was disclosed. The issues arising in connection with the inefficient use of existing economic mechanisms of PPP were discussed, and ways to solve these problems were proposed. PPP. During the analysis of the economic mechanisms of PPP, having considered the situations at the national level, calculations of actual quantitative indicators for the Akmola region were made and, as a result, an assessment of the economic mechanisms for the implementation of PPP projects at the regional level was given.Conclusions: Based on the results of the general analysis, it was revealed that the level of efficiency of existing economic PPP mechanisms at the regional level is low. Having analyzed the results of the analysis of the efficiency of the PPP economic mechanism and the results of the control of the Accounts Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the presence of the main accumulated problems was revealed and ways to solve them were proposed.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ

The article considers the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in ensuring the innovative development of enterprises. The interpretation of the concepts of public-private partnership by different authors is given, the advantages and economic, financial and social benefits and responsibilities of participants are given. The general and specific features of public-private partnership are outlined, the spheres of its application in innovative support of enterprise development are analyzed, and the main risks arising in the process of public-private partnership projects are clarified. The list of favorable conditions that determine the success of the public-private partnership projects' development and implementation is identified. The innovative aspects of public-private partnership are highlighted and the financial mechanism of this partnership in ensuring the innovative development of domestic enterprises is characterized. It is established that public-private partnership in the field of innovation and investment is considered as a new technology for the development of enterprises and the state economy. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature and components of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in ensuring the innovative development of enterprises. The object of research is the main public-private partnership financial mechanism tools for enterprises' innovative development in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, various methods of scientific research are used: systematic, empirical research and analysis and synthesis. The results of the study made it possible to determine the essence of the concepts of "public-private partnership", "financial mechanism of public-private partnership". The main instruments of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in ensuring the innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises are highlighted.

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

The article deals with the issues of state regulation of the formation and development of the infrastructure of an educational organization. It is noted that one of the forms of state regulation and support for infrastructure development is the mechanism of public-private partnership. The authors analyzed the process of formation of the subject field of state policy in the field of education and systematization of legislative acts in the field of infrastructure development of educational organizations.

Удосконалення нормативно-правового забезпечення державно-приватного партнерства у сфері автомобільного транспорту України

Problem setting. Economic development is very important in the processes of positive transformations of the country, a large part of ensuring economic growth is transport infrastructure, one of the main types of which is road transport. Recently, the Ukrainian economy has been weakened by the global crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the worst thing that has happened so far is the extremely difficult martial law and the Russian invasion with a full-scale war against Ukraine. The time of recovery in the post- war period will raise the issue of infrastructure development, especially in the field of transport and renovation of all modes of transport and their ergonomic combination, finding new, alternative sources of funding for the transport system. The main criteria for the proper development and functioning of this area are proper regulatory support. Recent research and publications analysis. Research and development of legislation in the field of public-private partnership, investment activities and legislation in the field of concession legislation in Ukraine not enough attention is focused, because by domestic and foreign researchers, certain topics were not a priority in professional journals. However, such scientists as V. Bodelan, V. Varnavsky, V. Goshovska, E. Romanenko, I. Lopushins- ky, L. Hrytsenko, S. Linder, O. Nikiforuk, S. Ovcharenko, N. Drahomyretska, N. Piro- zhenko, O. Pukhkal, V. Skurativsky, P. Shylepnytsky and others, study public-private partnership in political, economic, legal aspects. The analysis of the current state of investment activity is covered in the works of such scientists as: A. Kolevatova, V. Kozyk, Danilova, I. Zapatrina, I. Moiseenko and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The importance of analysis of scientific sources in the field of regulatory and legal support, as well as substantiation of legal aspects and effective mechanism for improving public-private partnership and investment activities in road transport in Ukraine, as well as the importance of legal mechanisms in the real state economy especially during crisis phenomena, an important unresolved problem should be noted that as of today remains imperfect direction of formation and development of regulatory and legal support and application of the mechanism of public-private partnership and attracting investment activities in the field of road transport and its infrastructure. There is a need for scientific substantiation of ways to develop the legal mechanism of public-private partnership, concession legislation in specific areas of infrastructure, in particular in the field of road transport. Paper main body. The normative-legal provision of public-private partnership, concession legislation and legislation on investment activity is considered. The need to improve legislation in the field of public-private partnership, their relevance and effectiveness are analyzed. Transparency and risks in the field of application of legislative acts on public-private partnership, concessions and investment activities in the field of road transport and its infrastructure in Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that the legislation in the field of public-private partnership, concession and investment activities contains significant issues that need to be improved by amending these regulations. Such an imbalance is particularly clear in the field of road transport, where regulations need to be adjusted in accordance with concession and investment legislation. The main criteria for improving the regulatory framework in these areas are to bring into line with the electronic trading system regulations on the subject, which will give a significant impetus to improve legislation to involve public-private partnerships in road transport in Ukraine. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Road transport and its infrastructure directly affect the development of all sectors of the economy of Ukraine, the state of road transport in terms of rolling stock to provide quality new social services requires new approaches to improve in improving its effective development. It has been found that the forms of public-private partnership are the best and, accordingly, increase the efficiency and quality of road transport, including its infrastructure. Analyzed that the main criterion for improving the legislation in the field of road transport, concession legislation and legislation on investment activities is to amend existing regulations in terms of bringing them into line with the electronic trading system. Such a mechanism will introduce transparent and competitive dynamics for the high-quality and rapid development of Ukraine’s transport infrastructure and road transport.

THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION INDUSTRY IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE

To achieve sustainable development and to form an export-oriented model of economic growth, Kazakhstan is making a transition to low-carbon development. The transformation of the economy has improved the investment climate in the country making Kazakhstan one of the key recipients of foreign direct investment in Central Asia. In view of the above, the need to increase the scientific validity of measures taken by the state for increasing the investment attractiveness of the geological exploration industry, on the progress of which changing the resource-export model of development largely depends and building up the energy security of Kazakhstan, is updated. The article identifies the key factors constraining the strengthening of the market positions of the geological industry in Kazakhstan and negatively affecting its investment attractiveness. It has been substantiated that the sectoral problems accumulated over the entire post-Soviet period hinder the further advancement of all the extractive industries and require the activation of new measures of state support. The author analyzes the actions planned by the state to reduce socio-economic tension in single-industry towns caused by the depletion of the mineral resource base near their location. The analysis of the state regulation mechanisms of the subsoil use and the mining and metallurgical industry that are especially attractive for investors, leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to reform the Kazakhstan model of financing geological exploration using the principles of public-private partnership. An example of adaptation by Kazakhstan of the leading countriesexperience in attracting junior companies to geological exploration is considered. The difficulties that hinder the advancement of juniors in the Kazakhstan market, the opportunities for overcoming and opening up prospects have been identified. It has been substantiated that in the medium term one of the new investment policy guidelines in the geological exploration industry should be an innovative and technological course towards digital transformation of production and management processes. At the same time, Kazakhstan, like other countries with the transit economy, will have to overcome the risks and challenges that have emerged as a result of global digitalization. The article shows that to stimulate digitalization of geological exploration, significant investments are needed, which will require, alongside with government regulation, searching for new forms and mechanisms of publicprivate partnership.

Приватизация и концессия как перспективные формы взаимодействия государства и бизнеса: зарубежный и российский опыт

The mechanism of public and private partnership has developed in Western countries as a result of socially significant investment projects. It represents a new, liberal stage of state regulation of the economy. This investment mechanism is also possible in Russia, especially in those areas where private investment provides a sustainable vector for the equilibrium growth of the economic system, leaving control functions to the state. Russian regions require various tools to assess their economic potential, socio-economic development, financial balance, and competitive conditions in the domestic and world markets. Such tools ensure an active federal policy and the economic integrity of the country. The authors explored foreign and domestic experience of privatization and concessions as promising forms of interaction between the state and the business. The research employed such standard methods as synthesis, comparison, statistical analysis, systemic and graphical analysis, etc. The article describes the system of public and private partnership in the sphere of social and industrial infrastructure facilities with their fundamental differences, contact points, advantages, and disadvantages. The review showed that concession is the most popular and attractive form of relationship between the state and business in modern conditions, both abroad and in Russia.

Development of insurance, opportunities and practical experience in the formation of social and economic security (regional aspect)

The development of modern business, the implementation of approaches to local, regional (territorial) development encourage the activation of the spread of the insurance sector. Mechanisms for the introduction of appropriate financial levers make it possible to neutralize threats and increase the financial stability of market entities, which is proven by the experience of European states. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence, features and main tasks in the field of insurance, to determine the priority directions of the development of the insurance market, to coordinate the interests of the participants and effective partnership in view of the need to form prerequisites for the socio-economic stability and security of the state and its individual regions. The main task of the research is to assess the situation, existing forecasts and determine the priority directions of the development of the insurance sector, taking into account the needs of society, interests, partnership mechanisms, including at the international level. Methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research. The author has researched the essence and development possibilities of the insurance sector, taking into account the practical experience of the countries of the world and modern trends in the insurance market. The importance of the insurance sector for society, regional development and increasing opportunities in the field of investment activity has been proven. Regional features were analyzed and priority directions of development were determined, taking into account the needs of spheres and branches of the economy, territorial communities. The effect of effective interaction of insurance market participants on the possibilities of expanding insurance services is determined.The relevance of partnership in the implementation of insurance approaches and mechanisms of interaction between participants was determined. The author stipulates the need to regulate the interests of all participants, as well as mutual coordination of actions and levels of responsibility, opportunities for public-private partnership in regional development, investment activities. The need to guarantee the practical results of interaction in the field of insurance and the formation of prerequisites for social and economic security, including taking into account regional characteristics, is stipulated. The results of the author's research can be used for further research in the field of insurance, interaction of participants on the basis of partnership

Foreign experience in tourism development management based on the public-private partnership mechanism

The tourism industry makes a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of many countries of the world, due to its role in expanding the economic base, increasing foreign exchange earnings, developing small and medium-sized businesses, providing employment opportunities and improving the living standards of the population. The development of the tourism industry can be facilitated by its management on the basis of public-private partnerships. This form of cooperation helps to accelerate the solution of the country's strategic tasks, bringing significant social benefits to local communities. The purpose of the research was to study various forms of interaction between the state and business to solve the problems of developing the tourism industry in order to identify the optimal mechanism for public-private partnership for the development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan. The paper studied the theoretical and methodological aspects and foreign experience in the formation and implementation of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the field of tourism. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of foreign experience in the creation, promotion and management of projects in the tourism industry on the principles of public-private partnership. The practical value is that the results of the study can be used in the development of state and regional programs for the development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan.

The mechanism of public — private partnerships for the implementation of innovative projects entailing the construction and reconstruction of items of federal property

Introduction. The relevance of the research stems from the limited financial capabilities available for complete or partial renovation of the federal property fund, which is in the operating management of subordinate institutions of executive authorities. The problem of applying the mechanism of public-private partnerships (PPPs) to such projects is associated with a narrow focus of the practice of its application. The purpose of the study is the systematic presentation of the organizational and economic PPP mechanism applied to the reconstruction and construction of real estate facilities comprising the federal property fund. The objectives of the research are to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects of implementation of PPPs, present the analysis of the PPP market, propose a PPP implementation pattern for the reconstruction and construction of real estate facilities comprising the federal property fund, taking into account the use of innovative technologies in the construction sector.
 
 Materials and methods. The authors take advantage of the materials provided by the Russian and international organizations, such as the official publications of the National PPP Centre (analytical reviews published on the Rosinfra website), investment and analytical company InfraOne Research, National Association of Infrastructure Companies (NAIK), World Bank reports, and research publications. Traditional methods of synthesis, induction, deduction, and analogy were used in the course of research.
 
 Conclusions. The analysis of effectiveness of federal property management has proven the need to use the PPP mechanism. This mechanism has accumulated the experience of practical implementation of infrastructure projects. However, despite the existing implementation potential of the subject area, some limitations prevent its widespread use. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the proposed PPP mechanism and the pattern for its implementation.

Финансовое и налоговое регулирование жилищно-коммунальной сферы: зарубежный опыт

The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of the expanding the sources of extrabudgetary funding of the housing and utilities secor through the use of elements of tax regulation. The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize the literature on foreign experience in financing and tax regulation of the housing and communal sphere and to assess the possibilities of its application in Russian practice. Methods of comparison, grouping, logical generalization, tabular presentation of data, expert evaluations were used for the study. As a result of the research, the features of the housing and utilities sphere as an object of financial and tax regulation were revealed. The authors characterized the models and methods of financing of sector used in the EU countries, the USA, China and India, including the degree of state intervention, distribution of powers and responsibilities by management levels, use of the mechanism of publicprivate partnership, creation of joint ventures with foreign capital, issue of infrastructure bonds, implementation of energy saving programs. The approaches to issuing municipal infrastructure bonds in the U.S. and India are presented. Attention is focused on the differences in the distribution of EU countries in terms of the volume and structure of the use of the public-private partnership mechanism. The sources of financing for the implementation of energy efficiency projects in the EU countries are systematized. The article analyzes the foreign practice of tax regulation to increase the investment attractiveness of financial instruments in the modernization of utility infrastructure facilities, exemption from taxation of municipal infrastructure bonds in the United States and India, and improving energy efficiency in the housing sector through the use of tax incentives for the implementation of energy efficiency projects and energy service contracts in Italy, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Sweden. The article also substantiates the possibilities of adapting those methods of financial and tax regulation of infrastructure bonds turnover and implementation of energy service contracts to expand non-budgetary sources of the housing and communal sphere financing in the Russian Federation.

РАЗВИТИЕ ПРОЕКТОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА В РОССИЙСКОМ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОГО И ФИНАНСОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

In any state, the agricultural complex is one of the key sectors of the development of the economic system. This mechanism can significantly affect the welfare of citizens, since the products of farmers today will account for more than 70% of the total number of trade names on the market. In view of the introduction of sectoral sanctions against the Russian Federation by the European Union and the United States of America, a threat to food security was created, and all this became the basis for the use of retaliatory sanctions by the Russian Federation to ensure quality security and protect the organizational foundations of doing business. In this case, the use of a public-private partnership mechanism is considered to be an urgent tool for supporting domestic agricultural producers.

Public-private partnership as a legal instrument linking the elements of sustainable development

The formation of the national legislation of the Republic of Belarus in the field of sustainable development, as well as the partnership between the state and economic entities, is significantly influenced by the established international legal regulation. In this regard, the article analyzes the process of formation of the term «sustainable development» in international law, as well as the emergence of cooperation between the state and the private sector. The role of the mechanism of public-private partnership as a legal instrument linking the elements of sustainable development is substantiated. The author draws attention to the need to involve economic entities in environmental protection and rational nature management, as well as the involvement of the public as the third mandatory partner, for which it is proposed to use the definition of «public-private partnership». Recommendations are formulated for improving the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, including on public-private partnership, in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development.

Corporate Social Responsibility as an Alternative Approach to Financial Risk Management: Advantages for Sustainable Development

Using the example of the COVID-19 global crisis (2020), we prove the low effectiveness of the existing approach to managing the financial risks of investments based on commercial investments. For this, we performed an applied quantitative study based on the statistics from the World Bank for 2020 and the Forbes Global 2000 ranking in 2021, using as an example 17 developing countries with lower-middle and upper-middle incomes from different regions of the world. As an alternative, we suggest a new approach for managing the financial risks of investments, which is based on corporate social responsibility. It implies the placement of long-term, large-scale investments in social and ecological innovations based on the mechanism of public-private partnership. We substantiated the high effectiveness and advantages of the new approach. The new approach to financial risk management amid a crisis was more effective (in comparison with the existing approach) for businesses (ensures higher return on investments, allows avoiding losses), the government (contributes more to economic growth, the probability of which achievement is higher), and for society (supports SDGs to a larger extent and contributes to sustainable development). This paper contributes to the development of the Theory of Investments (Neo-Keynesianism) and fills a gap in the literature, bridging the gap between the Theory of Investments and the Theory of Sustainable Development—outlining the perspectives of the simultaneous overcoming of economic crises and supporting sustainable development during the management of financial investment risks based on corporate social responsibility.