Social Control Mechanisms Research Articles

Navigating the Labyrinth: A Normative Juridical Analysis of Legal Politics and Policy Formulation in Indonesia

This article delves into the intricate relationship between law, politics, and society in Indonesia, examining how legal politics shape the formulation of legal policies. It explores the concept of legal politics as a guiding force in Indonesian lawmaking, considering the interplay of power dynamics, social norms, and external pressures. The study employs a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach. It analyzes relevant legal documents, including legislation, regulations, and policy papers, alongside academic literature on legal and political theory. A comprehensive review of relevant legal and political theories, including legal positivism, critical legal studies, and alternative perspectives, provides the framework for analysis. The research reveals that legal politics in Indonesia function as a multifaceted instrument, serving as a mechanism for social regulation, legislative formation, and power control. The study identifies a tendency towards group dominance in the legislative process, raising concerns about justice and equitable representation. Furthermore, the influence of globalization and international pressures on national policy formulation is evident. In conclusion, legal politics play a strategic role in shaping Indonesia's legal system, influencing policy formulation, implementation, and enforcement. To foster a just and inclusive legal system, legal reform and social advocacy are crucial, particularly in addressing the complex dynamics of domestic and global politics. The findings underscore the importance of theoretical frameworks in understanding the interplay between law and politics and guiding legal reform efforts.

Social control mechanisms in the Kulango socio-cultural setting: the role of modernization and Christianity

Social control mechanisms in the Kulango socio-cultural setting: the role of modernization and Christianity

“You just feel re-violated”: coercive sexual control in juvenile detention

Abstract Despite political calls on the state to “protect the children” from sexual violence, feminist scholars argue the state itself reproduces routine gender-based violence toward incarcerated communities, including youth. Building upon this work, I draw from twenty-three life history interviews with formerly incarcerated cis- and transgender men and women survivors to show how carceral norms facilitate a system of coercive sexual control. I define coercive sexual control as the policies, practices, and social relations that create the context for routine sexual violence and institutional harm toward youth. Coercive sexual control includes the sexual degradation of youth bodies, the underground economy of sexual favors, and the institutional denial of sexual harm. A theory of coercive sexual control shifts attention from sexual violence as solely interpersonal and episodic to the broader institutional mechanisms of power and social control that produce sexual exploitation against youth under the carceral state. Centering carceral institutions as sites of endemic sexual violence further unearths crucial discrepancies between institutional claims of prioritizing children’s sexual safety “on the books” and gaslighting youth claims of sexual misconduct in everyday practice.

Incarceration and women’s and men’s forms of capital and social control: a gendered test of coercive mobility

ABSTRACT Previous work has theorized that women’s forms of capital (i.e. physical, human, and social) may serve as a mechanism to more fully explain the process by which concentrated incarceration contributes to reductions in neighborhood social control. Coercive mobility theory posits that the removal of residents due to mass incarceration creates disruptions in neighboring relationships and therefore, reduces a community’s informal social control mechanisms or its ability to prevent crime. Scholars have also asserted that this process is gendered, since mostly women remain in the community and experience disruptions to their forms of capital and social control, while mostly men cycle in and out of incarceration. Using data on Baltimore residents, the present study examines the association between incarceration and women’s and men’s forms of capital and social control with the use of ordinary least squares regression models. An equality of coefficients test is used to determine whether effects to women’s and men’s capital and social control are statistically distinct, indicating a gendered experience. Findings support the adoption of a gendered perspective on coercive mobility, advancing our understanding of the community consequences of incarceration to women residents, and offer suggestions for future research and policy implications.

“When Father Christmas Is the Gaslighter”

The article is written with, by, and for (m)others whose children have been labelled as having “special educational needs” (SEN). The term (m)others is used to pay attention to the continued impact of the gendered nature of care for (disabled) children at the level of the individual, but also to recognize gender as a social construct, and the many ways of being a (m)other (Anderson). The broad aim is to explore the ways in which special education systems across the global North construct (m)others of disabled children as “mad.” This discussion is timely given the high levels of conflict between parents/carers and global North special education systems in contemporary times. The article explores “madness” as a mechanism of social control produced in special education systems by paying close attention to “intimate encounters” between (m)others and practitioners that occur day-to-day in (special) education settings. The developing analysis is shaped by the concept of “gaslighting,” which offers a useful framework both for understanding deeply affecting and effecting “intimate encounters” between (m)others and practitioners, and for exposing the operations of power in special education systems. The conclusion reflects on what new understandings of (m)others’ madness have been revealed and how they have the potential to (re)shape practice.

Tinjauan Sosiologi Hukum Islam Terhadap Larangan Nikah Sasuku dalam Adat Minangkabau

The prohibition of same-clan marriage in Minangkabau customs is still enforced by the Minangkabau community today, despite various differences in the application of leniencies and sanctions established in different nagari (villages) for those who engage in same-clan marriages. This prohibition was set by customary institutions at that time to address the social conditions of the community. Although the social conditions that led to this prohibition have changed, it remains upheld by the Minangkabau people to this day. In examining this phenomenon, this research utilizes an Islamic legal sociology approach to observe the shifts in social conditions that have occurred. This study aims to explore how the prohibition of same-clan marriage has maintained its existence within the Minangkabau community and continues to be practiced today. The research is primarily library-based, collecting various supporting literary sources. In Minangkabau customs, the prohibition of same-clan marriage is enforced to prevent various harms that may arise from such unions for their clans, making it considered taboo and bringing shame to their kin. This belief reinforces the community's perception of avoiding these marriages. The perception built within the Minangkabau community can be understood through the Islamic legal sociology approach as a means to prevent potential harms arising from this marriage (sad adz-dzari'ah). Additionally, the societal perception of the taboo surrounding this marriage can serve as a social control mechanism that strengthens the Minangkabau people's conviction to avoid such unions, allowing this custom to endure.

Pastoral control in remote work

Remote work presents managers with new and significant challenges. Work that occurs at distance limits managers’ abilities to observe staff behavior, raising concerns that managers may miss unspoken cues that indicate potential problems. Furthermore, in remote work contexts where observable behaviors and defined outcomes are elusive, and discretionary effort is essential, traditional behavior- and output-based controls may be insufficient. Drawing on Ouchi’s (1980) theorizing of social control mechanisms and Foucault’s (1982) notion of pastoral power, this research finds that when faced with limited observation, managers of remote teams engage pastoral control mechanisms to compensate for the lack of employee behavior oversight and to mitigate the risk of missing important cues. Practical, theoretical and ethical implications are discussed.

Relevance of Dipo Womanhood Rites as a Social Control Mechanism Among People of Yilo-Krobo in the Eastern Region of Ghana

This study based on Dipo rites was carried out in Yilo-Krobo Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana among 350 young people aged 15–24, using mixed methods. The findings show that girls who have not done Dipo are less likely than their initiated counterparts to have sex before marriage. The study also shows that although Dipo is an old custom, it still influences sexual behaviours among young people in the study area. The study concludes that Dipo contributes positively to maintaining young people’s healthy sexual behaviour. It is suggested awareness-raising, and sensitization efforts be intensified in light of this.

How Negative Media Framing of Anti-Status Quo Protests Acts as a Social Control Mechanism: A Socio-Psychological Perspective on Protest Paradigm Framework

Abstract The present article presents a new perspective of interpreting the protest paradigm framework from Media/Communication Studies and its effects on audiences, through the socio-psychological theory of Minority Influence. Existing literature on protest paradigm, how it affects the audience’s perceptions on protest support and mobilization as well as the pathway through which it acts as an ideological mechanism of blocking social change are examined. The theory of Minority Influence is also reviewed with focus on the definition of minorities as non-privileged groups, carriers of innovation, which challenge the existing social arrangements and try to mobilize the audience towards them. A new pathway of examining protest paradigm as a social control mechanism of blocking minorities’ influence is proposed. The applications of this framework and the insights into the ideological function of system justification of the protest paradigm, through discouraging citizens’ support and mobilization towards unconventional forms of political participation are further discussed.

Organizational culture as social control mechanism

Beyond sharing values and beliefs, organizational culture can serve as a powerful social control framework. This study aims to examine how cultural norms and expectations impact employee behavior within an organization. The study looked at the concepts of organizational culture, social control, and the influence of organizational culture on employees. This study employs Schein's model of the organization, to better understand the research problem. The model focused on three layers of culture in an organization: artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions, and how these elements influence the behaviors and performances of employees in an organization. A qualitative desk review research method was employed, and relevant materials for the study were sourced from academic databases (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Academia) websites and gray literature. Based on the relevant literature reviewed, the study revealed that organizational culture is an important recipe in organizations and a potent mechanism for social control. Furthermore, organizational leaders and managers leverage the power of culture to achieve either beneficial or harmful organizational goals. Based on this review, this study recommends ethical consideration in leveraging the power of culture as a social control framework in organizations.

Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Adat: Studi Kasus Masyarakat Kampung Naga

In the era of globalization, indigenous communities are increasingly at risk of losing their identity and traditional values. Kampung Naga, one of the oldest traditional villages in Indonesia, has a complex social and cultural system. This study aims to deeply examine the role of traditional institutions in shaping and instilling civic values in the indigenous community of Kampung Naga. Through a qualitative case study method, this research analyzes the structure of traditional institutions, decision-making mechanisms, and customary practices related to citizenship. The results of the study show that traditional institutions have a central role in preserving the values of mutual cooperation, consensus-based decision-making, and respect for nature. Customary practices such as traditional ceremonies, village meetings, and social sanctions serve as effective social control mechanisms in shaping the character of good citizens. This study concludes that the traditional institutions of Kampung Naga can serve as a model for the development of character education and citizenship rooted in local values.

Vigilance, Popular Control and Neighborhood Surveillance in Besieged Paris (1589–1591)

Abstract Surveillance studies often recall that Michel Foucault had identified the health crises of the plagues of the Ancien Régime as precursory moments in the establishment of modern surveillance. Episodes of civil wars are certainly another example. This study takes for object the capital of the kingdom of France at the siege of Paris, in 1589–1591, when Henry III and then Henri IV tried to reduce to their authority in the rebellious city, head of the Ultra-Catholic Ligue. This unprecedented experience of fear and generalized suspicion allows us to study how the usual mechanisms of social control are used for political ends, but also how new surveillance procedures emerge, based on the written word and a desire for rationalization. This article uses a wide range of sources, from municipal decisions to the reports of chroniclers, but relies mainly on the judicial archives of the Parlement and the Hôtel de Ville to draw up a social history as close as possible to ordinary Parisians. Taking a ground-level approach, the study is particularly interested in ordinary agents of urban control and forms of day-to-day and face-to-face surveillance. In this exceptional climate, the routine work of watching others in the neighborhood turned to political surveillance. The key actors were the Militia, whose action relied on the Parisians themselves, considered as “the eyes and ears” of the League authorities to know who the enemies were and to testify of the loyalty of the inhabitants.

CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE AND THE MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL

The article analyzes the main approaches to understanding the nature of identity construction and the mechanisms of social control in the digital age. Digitalization, globalization, and the transition of modern society to a networked or digital state have created new conditions for constructing identity, which is becoming more flexible and changeable. A close relationship between the nature of identity formation and practices of social control has been proven. The construction of identity in the digital society is a complex process involving individuals’ interaction with technology, social media and information systems. This process serves as a form of social control, establishing norms, influencing behavior, and shaping identities by social, economic, and political interests. Social networks are becoming important channels of identity formation, where individuals interact with different groups and virtual communities. The regulatory, economic, and political control mechanisms in the digital environment are described. It is proved that online platforms contribute to the construction of social ties, which ensures social control by influencing the content and nature of interactions. They also form prevailing unified patterns and models of action, influencing the identity and social behavior of individuals. Information and communication technologies offer new opportunities for self-expression and self-identification, but at the same time pose challenges to the preservation of the personal self. Therefore, it is necessary to take these issues into account in studies of digital culture and social media. Identity is not isolated or autonomous but is formed through constant interconnections with society and under the influence of various mechanisms of social control. The subject always has the opportunity to create new forms of identity and go beyond fixed roles and functions. However, it is also important to find a balance between the use of digital technologies and the preservation of real communications, while minimizing the negative consequences.

“It has a lot to do with trust…” – Mechanisms of Social Control in the Coordination of Action between Teaching and Planning Staff in Adult Education Organizations

“It has a lot to do with trust…” – Mechanisms of Social Control in the Coordination of Action between Teaching and Planning Staff in Adult Education Organizations

INTERPRETATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN POSTMODERNISM AND METAMODERNISM

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control in postmodernism and metamodernism. The similarities and differences in the description of social control mechanisms are identified. The concepts of “society of the spectacle” (G.Debord), “society of surveillance” (M.Foucault) and “society of control” (J. Deleuze) are analyzed, which show the evolution of postmodernists’ views on social processes.. The concept of the “listening society” (G.Freinacht) as a metamodern alternative to the development of modern society is presented. Postmodernism focuses on criticizing society, drawing attention to its increasing fragmentation, the crisis of metanarratives, and the growing role of the media as a tool for social control. In contrast, metamodernism tries to balance modern and postmodern theories, recognizing the importance of centralized and decentralized forms of social control. This allows simultaneously taking into account the diversity of identities of a modern person and the possibility of his or her integration into society through the adoption of common norms and rules. Metamodernism seeks to reconstruct metanarratives that can contribute to new forms of social control based on cooperation and common interests. It emphasizes the importance of empathy in social control, whereas postmodernism rejects it as a false, simulated form of social relations. While postmodernism focuses more on critical analysis of existing structures, metamodernism aims to find hybrid and adaptive forms of control that combine traditional methods with the latest technologies. All these differences in the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control reflect the paradigm shift from postmodern deconstruction to synthesis and reconstruction within metamodernism.

Care and order in urban spaces: social workers and security guards

ABSTRACT Outreach work has been praised for its inclusionary potential and problematised for reproducing exclusion mechanisms. This study investigates these dynamics by exploring how spatial dimensions shape outreach work. Its point of departure is social workers employed in NGO-based initiatives in Norway. Focusing on the spatial context includes social workers’ relation to other actors who use and produce these urban spaces. In this case, the concern for and interaction with security guards is central to the social workers’ everyday work. While organised around different functions, both actors can be considered central in responding to marginalisation issues. Concerns in the literature on both outreach work and security guards’ policing include ways in which these care and order practices are engaged in mechanisms of social control and repression. The findings show how the two actors relate to each other, oppose and reproduce spatial ruling in complex ways. While their practices are shaped by spatial relations of power, dynamics of spatial in/exclusion are also constituted by embodied experiences of encounters with people subject to processes of marginalisation. As opposed to research focusing on social arrangements, this study contributes to understanding ways in which spatial dimensions of outreach work is significant.

Do I Have Symptoms of Dementia: A Discursive Study of Awareness and Shame Among People With Advanced Dementia.

This study explores the narrated experiences of individuals with advanced stages of late-onset dementia, focusing on their diagnosis awareness. Such framing is motivated by 2 reasons. Firstly, there is a lack of consensus regarding the prevalence of anosognosia among people with dementia. Secondly, research on anosognosia often neglects to address the important issues of shame and stigma associated with receiving a dementia diagnosis. For this qualitative study, a total of 27 participants ranging in age from 66 to 94 were involved. The data collected were analyzed using textual-oriented discourse analysis. Our findings indicated that individuals with dementia struggled to comprehend the medical terminology used to describe their experiences within biomedical standards. The interviewees utilized 5 negative discourses on dementia, which shaped their attitudes toward the condition and people diagnosed with it. These discourses depicted dementia as an illness, negative aging, a devaluation, a burden, and a life tragedy. Moreover, study participants did not outright reject the diagnosis but rather negotiated its acceptance within the context of shame associated with dementia. The concept of anosognosia can serve as a mechanism of social control and stigmatization of people with dementia within the dominant biomedical discourse.

The role of group (in)efficacy in controlling deviance on group cohesion and on social identity management strategies: Social control identity motivated model

The social control identity motivated (SCIM) model proposes that perceived failure of group social control mechanisms in punishing deviance increases the threat associated with the emergence of deviance in groups. Based on this assumption, this model explains the psychosocial processes involved in the consequences for social cohesion and social identity management strategies of a match or mismatch between the implemented formal social control and the mechanisms that group members expect to be implemented based on social identity motivation processes. This model explains members’ commitment to the reinforcement of ingroup social order and status quo (in case of a match), or a need to cope with perceived inefficacy of ingroup formal social control (in case of mismatch). In response to perceived inefficacy of ingroup formal social control, individuals may engage in various identity-motivated processes, including disinvestment from the ingroup, informal social control responses, or efforts to strengthen the ingroup’s normative system through social innovation or social control mechanisms reinforcement. By accounting for the interplay between formal social control mechanisms and identity motivated social control expectations, the SCIM model intends to contribute to the understanding of social identity protective strategies in response to deviance, by highlighting that (in)efficacy of group social control mechanisms shapes this dynamic. This model is justified with both direct and indirect empirical support, and we discuss the potential of the model’s applicability, as well as the need for additional research to understand determinants of each type of response, thus leaving this model open to potential refinement.

A jog és az állam a válsághelyzetekben

One of the eternal “core issues” of legal philosophy is the contemplation on when we can and cannot speak of law in the case of a social control mechanism, i.e. what social and political conditions must exist for the subsistence of positive law to be called into question. Related to this is the necessary examination of the conditions under which the state – which also constitutes law – ceases to exist, when it is clearly no longer able to perform its social regulatory function and to enforce the obedience of its subjects or citizens. The assessment of these borderline situations has always been controversial. However, there is still no exact method for determining when a state ends, when a legal system ceases to exist, nor what a state can do to protect itself in the event of situations threatening to disappear, what moral philosophical principles justify it in operating certain mechanisms of self-defence, or what kind of extra ordinem regulation can be prescribed in such occurrences. The present study, through the examination of the most important paradigms in the history of ideas, attempts to review the historically significant answers to this question.

Urban routines, spatial occupancy, and their effects on outdoor crime in Barcelona

Based on mobile phone data from the city of Barcelona, Spain, generalized linear models are used to analyse the relationship between urban mobilities and the spatial and temporal patterning of robbery and theft. The hypothesis was made that mobility fluxes may undermine social control mechanisms by altering the socio-demographic composition of urban populations, therefore increasing the risk of crime victimization. The analysis brought together indicators of land use and a measure of the ambient population disaggregated by different profiles of public space users (by sex, age, and place of residence). The results indicate that robbery and theft tend to cluster around locations that attract a higher proportion of non-residents (i.e. national and international visitors). Non-local visitors, who visit the city occasionally or once in a lifetime, lack a comprehensive knowledge of the environment which would help them to navigate safely through the urban space. Therefore, their presence not only unsettles the social routines of public spaces in Barcelona but also reflects negatively in terms of crime occurrence. This finding raises questions about how to accommodate growing mobilities in our cities without detriment to incumbent residents and their safety, which seems to be critical in post-COVID-19 urban planning.