Mechanism Of Movement Research Articles

Integrative regulatory mechanisms of stomatal movements under changing climate.

Global climate change-caused drought stress, high temperatures and other extreme weather profoundly impact plant growth and development, restricting sustainable crop production. To cope with various environmental stimuli, plants can optimize the opening and closing of stomata to balance CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss from leaves. Guard cells perceive and integrate various signals to adjust stomatal pores through turgor pressure regulation. Molecular mechanisms and signaling networks underlying the stomatal movements in response to environmental stresses have been extensively studied and elucidated. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements mediated by abscisic acid, light, CO2 , reactive oxygen species, pathogens, temperature, and other phytohormones. We discussed the significance of elucidating the integrative mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements in helping design smart crops with enhanced water use efficiency and resilience in a climate-changing world.

Mitral valve early systolic billowing induces following annular expansion and leaflet augmentation in Barlow's disease: sequential analysis using 3D echocardiography.

Although systolic expansion of the annulus has been recognized in Barlow's disease, the mechanisms of the unique pathological movement of the annulus and its relation to the leaflet augmentation have not yet been clarified. We aimed to investigate the detailed mechanisms of the characteristic mitral apparatus dynamics in Barlow's disease by frame-by-frame sequential geometric analysis using real-time 3D transoesophageal echocardiography. Fifty-three patients with Barlow's disease and severe mitral regurgitation without torn chordae, as well as 10 controls, were included. We evaluated geometric changes in the mitral complex using 3D transoesophageal echocardiography at five points during systole. To identify early systolic billowing of leaflets, the annulo-leaflet angle was measured. We also performed a more detailed analysis in four consecutive frames just before and after leaflet free-edge prolapse above the annulus plane. The median annulo-leaflet angle of both leaflets in early systole was >0° (above annulus plane) in patients with Barlow's disease, and billowing of the leaflet body was observed from early systole. The prolapse volume of both leaflets increased markedly from early to mid-systole [1.60 (0.85-2.80) to 4.00 (2.10-6.45) mL; analysis of variance (ANOVA), P < 0.001; post hoc, P < 0.05]. With frame-by-frame analysis, dynamic augmentation of the annulus and leaflets developed between frames just before and just after leaflet free-edge prolapse (ANOVA, P < 0.01; post hoc, P < 0.05). In Barlow's disease, early systolic billowing of the mitral leaflet induces systolic annulus expansion followed by leaflet augmentation and leaflet free-edge prolapse.

The mechanism underlying asymmetric bending of lateral petals in Delphinium (Ranunculaceae)

During the process of flower opening, most petals move downward in the direction of the pedicel (i.e., epinastic movement). In most Delphinium flowers, however, their two lateral petals display a very peculiar movement, the mirrored helical rotation, which requires the twist of the petal stalk. However, in some lineages, their lateral petals also exhibit asymmetric bending that increases the degree of mirrored helical rotation, facilitating the formation of a 3D final shape. Notably, petal asymmetric bending is a novel trait that has not been noticed yet, so its morphological nature, developmental process, and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, by using D.anthriscifolium as a model, we determined that petal asymmetric bending was caused by the localized expansion of cell width, accompanied by the specialized array of cell wall nano-structure, on the adaxial epidermis. Digital gene analyses, gene expression, and functional studies revealed that a class I homeodomain-leucine zipper family transcription factor gene, DeanLATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1 (DeanLMI1), contributes to petal asymmetric bending; knockdown of it led to the formation of explanate 2D petals. Specifically, DeanLMI1 promotes cell expansion in width and influences the arrangement of cell wall nano-structure on the localized adaxial epidermis. These results not only provide a comprehensive portrait of petal asymmetric bending for the first time but also shed some new insights into the mechanisms of flower opening and helical movement in plants.

Model Properties and Clinical Application in the Finite Element Analysis of Knee Joint: A Review.

The knee is the most complex joint in the human body, including bony structures like the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella, and soft tissues like menisci, ligaments, muscles, and tendons. Complex anatomical structures of the knee joint make it difficult to conduct precise biomechanical research and explore the mechanism of movement and injury. The finite element model (FEM), as an important engineering analysis technique, has been widely used in many fields of bioengineering research. The FEM has advantages in the biomechanical analysis of objects with complex structures. Researchers can use this technology to construct a human knee joint model and perform biomechanical analysis on it. At the same time, finite element analysis can effectively evaluate variables such as stress, strain, displacement, and rotation, helping to predict injury mechanisms and optimize surgical techniques, which make up for the shortcomings of traditional biomechanics experimental research. However, few papers introduce what material properties should be selected for each anatomic structure of knee FEM to meet different research purposes. Based on previous finite element studies of the knee joint, this paper summarizes various modeling strategies and applications, serving as a reference for constructing knee joint models and research design.

Orthodontic tooth movement: theories and the history of understanding

In this study, a literature review was conducted to examine the main hypotheses and theories explaining the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement. For a long period of time, people have made attempts to explain the nature of the biological process responsible for possibility of artificial tooth displacement. Along with the development of methods of laboratory investigation, more and more facts about the periodontal tissues’ response to exogenous mechanical stimuli have been revealed to the scientific community. This, in turn, led to the formation of many theories and hypotheses to explain the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement. Although a wealth of information concerning the biological processes occurring during exposure to orthodontic appliances is now known, no one is yet able to describe the exact mechanism that triggers these processes. Current studies focus on several morpho–biological theories of orthodontic tooth movement, which indicates that there is a cognitive interest in this topic among orthodontists.

A inter-relação do movimento dentário ortodôntico em pacientes com periodontite e Diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Orthodontic tooth movement is a mechanically induced bone remodeling process aimed at aligning malpositioned teeth. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infection of the supporting tissues of the teeth that results in the destruction of the periodontium. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that contributes to several types of comorbidities and even premature death of an individual. Due to the high demand of diabetic patients with periodontitis and the need for orthodontic therapy to achieve better periodontal health, we aimed to carry out a bibliographic review on orthodontic tooth movement in patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. The search for articles in this literature review took place between February 2022 and March 2023. The articles were researched, selected and extracted through the database: PUBMED, LILACS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR available online, in the range of years between 1990 and 2022. Diabetes and periodontitis may adversely affect bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. However, despite the need for further long-term studies to elucidate the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement in diabetic patients with a history of periodontitis, the literature suggests that if there is a well-established periodontal-orthodontic therapy associated with the patient’s glycemic control, the treatment will be successful.

Experimental study of ethanol-water solution droplet behavior under conditions of electric influence

The study of the interaction of a liquid with an electric field is an important fundamental task of hydrodynamics and electrophysics. Understanding the mechanisms of deformation and movement of droplets in an electric field is of great practical importance for the creation and optimization of various technological processes and devices - from cleaning and filtration systems to high-precision printers. In this paper, the basic principles of the effect of an electric field on a droplet of liquid, depending on the intensity, were investigated. As a result of the conducted research, an assumption has been made about the reason for the change in the trajectory of the droplet.

Analyzing Handwriting Variation in Athletes: A Comparative Study

Handwriting is a neuro-muscular phenomenon and is unique in nature. The potential of hand in designing the writing involves complex mechanism of the unite movement of finger’s, thumb and hand which is operated by the timed neural response system. It’s been said that any two objects greater than molecular size have some variation. And so it’s with the handwriting. We not at all write anything absolutely the same. The way a person moves their body determines how differently their skills can differ. Every element of writing is movement, and the more a writer moves, the more skilled they are. These subtle variations in personal traits define the boundaries of a person's handwriting.. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the hypothesis ‘higher the movement higher the skill’. For the analysis the handwriting sample were taken from the individual who do weightlifting or gym and half sample were taken from the normal people who don’t prefer gym. Results indicate a massive difference in variation of the handwriting of the weightlifters and non-lifters, due to stiffness of muscles there is less movement in their body while writing.

The lie group analysis method for heat transfer in steady boundary layer flow field of nanofluid

In order to reveal the mechanism of the abnormal movement (Brownian motion enhances thermal scattering) of nanoparticles on the fluid enhanced heat transfer, the two-phase model was used to study the abnormal convection and diffusion of viscous nanofluids in the flat boundary layer of porous medium. Firstly, for the two-dimensional steady boundary layer stagnation point flow of incompressible Newtonian-nanofluids, the nonlinear governing equations of the flow field and temperature field of nanofluids are established from the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximate equations. Secondly, the modern Lie group analysis method is introduced, we give the Lie symmetry determining equation of the flow field partial differential equations and the characteristics of the solutions. Further, using the relationship between the Lie symmetries and the conserved quantities, the conservation vector form of the flow field and the group invariant solution are derived in detail, and the reduced order model of the nanofluid flat boundary layer is obtained. Finally, the correctness of the analytical results obtained by the Lie group method was verified for different values of the flow parameter Prandtl. Research has shown that the Lie group method can be used to analytically solve the velocity and temperature distribution functions of abnormal motion of nanoparticles. The fluid temperature increases with the increase of the volume fraction parameter of nanoparticles, but decreases with the increase of the Prandtl value of the base fluid, and decreases with the increase of the plate stretching speed. The Lie group analysis method in this paper provides reference value for numerical simulation solutions of various heat and mass transfer in nanofluids.

Liquid crystalline elastomer self-oscillating fiber actuators fabricated from soft tubular molds.

The self-oscillation of objects that perform continuous and periodic motions upon unchanging and constant stimuli is highly important for intelligent actuators, advanced robotics, and biomedical machines. Liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) materials are superior to traditional stimuli-responsive polymeric materials in the development of self-oscillators because of their reversible, large and anisotropic shape-changing ability, fast response ability and versatile structural design. In addition, fiber-shaped oscillators have attracted much interest due to their agility, flexibility and diverse oscillation modes. Herein, we present a strategy for fabricating fiber-shaped LCE self-oscillators using soft tubes as molds. Through the settlement of different configuration states of the soft tubes, the prepared fiber-shaped LCE oscillators can perform continuous rotational self-oscillation or up-and-down shifting self-oscillation under constant light stimuli, which are realized by photoinduced repetitive self-winding motion and self-waving motion, respectively. The mechanism of self-oscillating movements is attributed to the local temperature oscillation of LCE fibers caused by repetitive self-shadowing effects. LCE self-oscillators can operate stably over many oscillating cycles without obvious performance attenuation, revealing good robustness. Our work offers a versatile way by which LCE self-oscillators can be conveniently designed and fabricated in bulk and at low cost, and broadens the road for developing self-oscillating materials for biological robotics and health care machines.

Карпальды туннель синдромы мен стенозды лигаментиттің дамуы арасындағы байланыс: Әдеби шолу

Carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger disorder are both hand pathologies and the most common reasons for visiting a hand surgeon. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a compression of the median nerve by the flexor retinaculum ligament at the level of the wrist joint. Trigger finger disorder is a condition caused by compression of the digital flexor tendon by the A-1 annular ligament. During the development of hand surgery and new clinical studies, it was noticed that trigger finger often occurs after an operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, less often - vice versa. There were also cases of simultaneous development of both pathologies. The authors of this review tried to find out the reason for this relationship between two different hand disorders by examining the currently available information, containing the results of genetic, histological, biochemical, and clinical studies on this topic. A search was made in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. The authors concluded that there is an unambiguous relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger disorder, manifested in similar risk factors, changes in the mechanism of movement of the flexor tendons after carpal tunnel release, similar biochemical and histological changes in the tissues of the hand in both pathologies, as well as the presence of the same genetic markers in such patients.

Kinematics and traction properties of the V-belt transmission

The wide application of V-belt transmissions in various types of machinery requires analysing the operation of these transmissions, including consideration of their kinematic and force parameters. In this work it is executed with application of the spatial theory of interaction of a V-belt with pulleys of the transmission - the mechanism of movement of an element of a belt in a groove of a pulley, its sliding and forces acting on an element of a belt are considered. The methodology of kinematic and force parameters determination for V-belt transmission is given.

Архітектура складових інституційного середовища розвитку циркулярної аграрної економіки

The article substantiates the composition, nature of action and role of the institutional environment in the context of accelerating the development of circular processes in socioeconomic agrarian systems and develops a conceptual scheme of the architecture of its components. The determinants of regional diffusion of the circular economy are defined. It is determined that there are three key determinants of endogenous and exogenous transformation towards the transition to circular business models: availability of knowledge, perception and understanding of benefits regarding the movement of material flows; availability, functioning and maturity of logistics and material value chains; values and models of business activity and cooperation. It is proved that the intensification of circular transformations in the economy requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms of movement of material and logistical flows, which underlie industrial symbiosis and ecosystems. Such systems reuse resources, reducing dependence on primary materials and optimizing costs. The shared use of products and resources is institutionalized through appropriate infrastructure and market mechanisms. In the conception proposed by the author, the structural architecture of the institutional environment for the development of circular agroeconomics consists of two main elements: formal and informal environment. The formal environment directly influences the motives, incentives and conditions of the business, facilitating the implementation of closed-loop business models. The informal environment acts indirectly, forming and supporting the values, perception and understanding by society of the importance of circular changes for present and future generations. This indirect influence is expressed in the formation of economic relations through consumer needs, preferences and requests, which creates demand in the market of goods and services and serves as a competitive benchmark for business.

Recursive Neural Network as a Multiple Input–Multiple Output Speed Controller for Electrical Drive of Three-Mass System

Electrical drive systems are commonly applied for the mechanisms of precise movement, where having a high-quality position and high-quality speed control is especially valuable. Very often, the mechanical part of these systems reveals resonant properties that are related to the limited stiffness of the interconnection between subsequent parts of the mechanism. In most cases, this sort of system may be described as a model of several linked masses. If only the structure of the mechanical part is known and the corresponding parameters are constant and identified, the demanded control quality may be obtained using a properly tuned ADRC or PID controller equipped with appropriate anti-resonance filtration. However, if the parameters of the mechanical part are variant, adaptive control may be considered as a solution. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) is considered to be a speed controller and its training method assures adaptation to the unknown mechanical parameters. The paper is particularly focused on a three-mass system, which possesses, due to its structure, two resonant frequencies. The unique property of the analyzed system is the application of drive units at both ends of the system, so that the controller has the ability to influence the resonant system from both sides. The coordination of the drive unit is performed by the aforementioned ANN, from which two outputs affect the drive units independently. The derivation of the mathematical model is followed by its implementation in a computer simulation and finally the evaluation in a dedicated laboratory setup, the construction of which is also presented in the paper.

Study on the mechanism and response law of fracture movement on the super-high position hard-thick strata

In this paper, a thick plate structural mechanical model was established for the hard-thick rock strata in the Ordos region, which was characterized by the occurrence of high-energy strong earthquakes caused by the fracture of hard-thick rock strata. Subsequently, based on Vlasov's theory, the evolution process of hard-thick rock strata was analyzed. And the paper validated the analysis results using high-energy mine earthquake and surface subsidence data. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) The hard-thick strata in the cretaceous system will not be broken during the advancing and mining process of the test panel of the Shilawusu coal mine. (2) When the test panel is mined to a distance of two panel widths, no fracture occurred in the lower part of the hard-thick strata, because no separated space was formed. (3) When the test panel was advanced to about 856 m, the hard-thick strata have fractured in a vertical direction. (4) No high-energy mine earthquake event has occurred during mining at test panel, and the amount of surface subsidence is approximately 200 mm. (5) In the mining at test panel, two high-energy mining earthquakes occurred at 837 m, 1153 m away from the initial position of the panel, respectively, and the maximum amount of surface subsidence increased to 1397 mm, which accords with the results of the first and periodic breaks calculated by theory. The research results of this paper are of guiding significance for the study of the breaking law of hard-thick strata under similar engineering geological conditions and disaster pre-control.

Practicing requirements elicitation in a serious game: comparison between non-immersive and immersive virtual reality

One of the biggest problems in teaching Requirements Engineering at universities is the lack of access to real projects, which could allow students to interact with stakeholders and practice communication skills while conducting requirements elicitation. This article presents a serious game for practicing requirements elicitation through guided interviews with stakeholders. Two versions of the game were developed. The Immersive VR game was designed to run on mobile phones with Google Cardboard. A Non-Immersive version was also developed to run on Windows. Systematic literature reviews point out a lack of immersive VR games for learning Software Engineering. Moreover, the game proposed here is a pioneer in the addressed subject, including the use of low-cost technologies, such as Google Cardboard. The game was tested for 20 minutes by 46 students in two classes of the Bachelor's Degree in Software Engineering. After the test in the first class, the game was improved, and another test was conducted. The purpose of the validation was to verify the sense of presence among the students through a presence questionnaire (PQ). The highest averages were identified in the non-immersive version. For the immersive version, the statistically significant lowest evaluated values pertained to movement within the environment and the feeling of disorientation at the end of the experience. This indicates the need for improvements regarding movement. The literature suggests two directions: the first is to reduce the duration of experimentation with immersive environments, and the second suggests exploring alternative mechanisms for movement within the environment. It is important to remember that the students experimented with their own mobile phones, that is, they did not use dedicated VR equipment. Therefore, it can be concluded that developing VR solutions for these devices requires more restrictive decisions.

The concept of a non-self-propelled individual ferry

Within the framework of the general concept of the development of water transport and coastal infrastructure, a justification is given for the need to operate individual ferry crossings on small and main rivers of Russia. A cartographic study of transport links through rivers and their catastrophic shortage in comparison with demand has been carried out. A completely new concept of a ferry crossing for one car has been proposed. The driving mechanism of the ferry movement from the driving pair of wheels of the car with different variants of propellers and control systems has been developed. The overall and displacement parameters of the vessel are determined according to the requirements of small-size shipbuilding. In the Compass-3D package, a three-dimensional model of the ferry, all working units of the mechanism and control was created, and the mass-centering characteristics were calculated. A comparative assessment of the mechanical parameters of the presented propellers was carried out: the screw-steering column and the paddle wheels. Mechanisms with manual and automated control modes are described and compared.

Escaping the dry: Native and non‐native fish outmigration from a receding floodplain following managed inundation

Abstract Many fish rely on being able to move between rivers and floodplains to fulfil key life history events, but river regulation has reduced floodplain inundation compromising these connections and causing the loss of ecosystem function more generally. Managed inundations are being trialled in some systems as a solution, whereby engineered floods using built infrastructure, such as floodplain regulators, are used to deliver water to inundate floodplains. However, the use of managed inundations is still in early stages and their outcomes for native fish have been rarely assessed. We present the results from a series of investigations assessing the effectiveness of two managed inundations on the native fish community in a large floodplain in south‐eastern Australia. We firstly described changes in fish assemblages in wetlands before and after managed inundation (Aim 1). We then examined which potential exits are used by golden perch, a highly mobile species that regularly moves between rivers and floodplains (Aim 2), and then assessed outmigration patterns of native and non‐native species during receding phase from one of the major golden perch exits via a fishlock (Aim 3). Finally, we conducted two experiments to test if it was possible to modify operation of the fishlock to maximise fish movement by varying the length of the operating cycle, or whether operation occurs during the day or night (Aim 4). We found that native fish dominated the catch in wetlands before drawdown of the managed inundation, but that non‐native species, especially young‐of‐year carp, dominated after the drawdown (Aim 1). Outmigrating golden perch left the floodplain wetlands in a variety of locations but predominantly through a fishlock, which is a type of fishway (Aim 2). At this fishlock, native fish outmigrated before and during the early phase of the floodplain recession, moving to permanent riverine habitats, whereas non‐native fish (mostly carp) tended to migrate later in the recession especially as water levels dropped (Aim 3). There were no substantive differences in the numbers and size of fish moving through the fishlock at different operating cycle times (Aim 4). While there were no differences in numbers of non‐native carp migrating during the day or night, native species (carp gudgeon and Australian smelt) were more common during the day. Our study has provided knowledge of the eco‐hydraulic mechanisms of fish movement, in relation to managed inundaitons. This knowledge can be applied to help water managers plan floodplain watering regimes in the Murray‐Darling Basin to benefit native fish, while potentially restricting movement of undesirable non‐native species such as carp. More broadly, our results improve current understanding of fish movement in relation to managed floodplain recession, which is critical given the increased use of such managed inundations, and the need for information to help design and evaluate them.

Characteristics and interactions of fluctuation velocities, saltation mass flux, and temperature in the atmospheric surface layer

The essence of wind-blown sand movement is a particle movement system driven by high Reynolds number wall turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). Understanding this phenomenon is crucial as the law and mechanism of sand movement have not been effectively revealed at present. In this study, we utilize the high-frequency time series data from the Oceano site, a renowned location for such studies, which includes streamwise wind velocity (u), wall-normal wind velocity (w), temperature (T), and total saltation mass flux (q) to delve deeper into wind-blown sand movement. The results indicate a positive correlation between T and w. Interestingly, this correlation not only escalates with height but also intensifies with the increase of the stratification stability parameters (z/L). Sand influences the intensity ratio of each quadrant to Reynolds stress without altering the time ratio. Both the ejection and sweep processes correlate well with z/L. Similarly, q also exhibits a good correlation with z/L. The buoyancy's impact on the low-frequency fluctuations of q might be through its effect on the low-frequency fluctuations of w, enhancing the sand transport capacity of w. This discovery holds profound implications for the study of two-phase flow in ASL and the precise prediction of surface sediment transport.

Popular vote as a form of online dialogue between government and society

The authors consider the popular vote as a mechanism of convergent movement of power and society in the context of the formation and development of the digital public sphere. The theoretical and methodological basis of communication between government and society is analyzed. The search for modern forms of dialogue between government and society is made in the context of discussions on the use of remote electronic voting (DEG) in the electoral process. The role, opportunities, prospects and risks of online voting in Russian regional and municipal practice are assessed, in particular, in the implementation of the program "Formation of a comfortable urban environment", which is a positive experience of equal and effective interaction between government and society, offers one of the possible directions of public dialogue, the essence of which is the transition from an archaic subject-object models for intersubjective communication. The research is based on a dialectical understanding of socio-cultural processes and phenomena, on general scientific and logical methods of cognition. Statistical, institutional and comparative methods are used. The scientific novelty lies in the study of online voting as an effective form of achieving public consensus within the framework of a specific federal program. It is noted that online voting corresponds to the electoral culture of Russian society, its conventional features. The necessity of broad inclusion of citizens in the discussion and implementation of land improvement programs and other socially significant projects is substantiated. The motives that provide these programs with significant public support are revealed. The data characterizing the quality of the urban environment in the Central Federal District are summarized and analyzed. The conclusion is made about the relationship between the popular vote and the growth of the urban space quality index. The resources of the urban environment quality index and the popular vote are evaluated as conditions for the formation of a healthy competitive field, where the main engine is awareness of the responsibility of the administration and residents of the region for the prestige of their region. Recommendations are formulated on the institutionalization of online voting to solve problems that determine the current regional and municipal agenda.