Mechanical Design Research Articles

Geostatics in impacted mandibular third molar surgury

Exploring the application of minimally invasive techniques in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM), to achieve the treatment goal of "less trauma, short time, fast recovery", remains the focus of dentists. For now, the IMTM are mostly extracted in pieces after removing the crown and root resistance by bone removal and tooth segmentation, using 45°reverse-angle high speed turbine, piezosurgery, chisel or other dynamic system. However, There is a lack of principle-level parsing in different provinces and primary hospitals, while experience is still the main factor in avoiding excessive bone removal in complex IMTM extraction, as well as optimizing the specific position and angle of the parting teeth, finding the fulcrum and designing the best dislocation path when there is root resistance. In this review, the principle of geostatics was introduced into the extraction of IMTM. According to this principle, we analyzed how to design a clever tooth cutting line cleverly to enhance the efficiency of tooth segmentation, and how to optimize the mechanical design of root dislocation and the root dislocation path. Meanwhile, we will also focus on how to minimize trauma to alveolar bone during tooth extraction, so as to reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications, and provide interpretation and reference for dentists in surgical design and techniques of minimally invasive tooth extraction.

Wireless Communication based Water Surface Cleaning Boat

—It is very dreadful that huge liters of excrement are being deposited into the rivers across our country. The pollutants and toxins are assisting the amassing of the toxicant in water thus affecting aquatic life. Only when the detritus floating above the water bodies become persistent, the governments’ plan of action is set about and unfortunately by that time, the life cycle in that water body breaks. This research work focuses on deploying a solution for the unfavorable effects on the floating refuse, and henceforth reduces the pollution caused due to the unsettled wastes including plastics and plant weeds. The project aims to develop a waste collecting boat to scavenge the water body and abolish the floating waste. This is done by employing a conveyor belt connected to the front line of the boat. Boat movement is established using a remotecontrol application by incorporating an RF module along with an encoder-decoder pair. This method will reduce the cost of operation because of less human involvement and labor. Major challenges in implementing the boat are compact mechanical design and reliable power supply. The principle feature of this boat is the collection of refuse and floating weeds from the surface of the water into a basket which is removable [2]. Key Words: IoT (Internet of Things), Water Surface Cleaning, Gear Motors, Conveyor System, Arduino Uno, IR Sensors, Boat Controller, Arduino IoT Cloud, Garbage Collection, Autonomous Navigation, Remote Monitoring, Environmental Cleanup, Sustainability, Pollution Control, Scalable Solution, Real-time Feedback, Smart Technologies, Automation, Water Pollution, Adaptive Systems

Internal and external influences on role stereotype adherence and gender dynamics on engineering design teams

BackgroundEven among women who persist in the gender-imbalanced engineering fields, women on engineering design teams tend to take on non-technical roles. Understanding the mechanisms that inform this phenomenon is important for encouraging more women in STEM in order to close the gender gap. Although factors such as self-efficacy, task allocation, and occupational prestige have previously been examined through a gender-based lens, this study considers all of these factors together in order to better understand the role of internal and external effects on role stereotype adherence in engineering design teams. A survey was administered to computer science and engineering students in the United States presenting a scenario in which they are members of an engineering design team. Participants reported their interest, self-efficacy, and anticipated contribution to the project. All participants were then assigned a documentation role by a teammate and asked the same questions again after a brief reflection.ResultsWhile all participants exhibited higher interest in a more socially impactful project, participants’ interest in the project decreased significantly after they were assigned the non-technical, feminine-stereotyped role of documentation. Women reported significantly higher experience, interest, and self-efficacy levels in documentation compared to men. After being assigned the documentation role, men anticipated that their contribution to the project would be significantly lower compared to women, indicating a decrease in interest or a devaluation of their role on the team. Perceived sexism may have also played a part in how women reacted to role allocation, as it is hypothesized that reactance theory led women’s interest in a mechanical design role to increase post-role allocation.ConclusionsThese results support existing literature related to the likelihood of (1) women taking on non-technical roles on engineering teams and (2) society devaluing work that is stereotypically associated with feminine stereotypes. Participants’ reactions to role allocation were most closely related to internal factors, such as self-efficacy and the implicit devaluation of femininity. Findings can be used to inform curriculum development in hands-on design project courses and management of design groups in industry.

Mechanical Design of Ultra-Thin White-Topping with High Strength Concrete Panel

An ultra-thin white-topping structure with high strength concrete panel (HSCWT) was developed. In the structure, 30 mm thick concrete panels, which are produced from steel fiber reinforced concrete with a flexural strength of 20 MPa, are placed on an existing asphalt pavement and the interface between the panels and the asphalt pavement is grouted to bond them. Test pavements of HSC-WT were constructed on an accelerated loading facility and were subject to moving axle loads. After one hundred fifty thousand axles passed over the pavements, although small gaps developed between HSC panels and grout near joints, any severe cracks didn’t develop. Improved textures on the bottom face of panel were found very effective to bond the panel and grout. Although simulation of the loading test with dynamic 3DFEM fairly well represented the strain time histories generated by the travelling axle load, visco-elastic properties of asphalt layer could not clearly identified. Stress analysis with assumed visco-elastic parameters revealed that the stresses in the panel due to axle load are much less than the strength of the HSC panel, if the panel and the grout is fully bonded at the interface. Based on the results, a mechanical design procedure for HSCWT is developed. In the procedure, tensile strains in the underlying asphalt layer are calculated with 3DFEM and fatigue damage of the asphalt layer is estimated from the tensile strains using fatigue curve of asphalt mixture. It was found that not only viscosity of asphalt layer but also vehicle speed significantly affects fatigue life of asphalt layer.

Mechanical Design and System Construction of Ankle Rehabilitation Robots

The ankle joint is the most heavily loaded joint in the human body and plays a crucial role in daily activities, making it susceptible to injuries. Currently, rehabilitation robots for the ankle joint facilitate the assessment of rehabilitation outcomes and the adjustment of rehabilitation programs, demonstrating significant practical value and application prospects. This paper reviews the mechanical structure design and control system construction of existing ankle rehabilitation robots. In this narrow review, we first analyze the characteristics and issues of current mechanical designs of ankle rehabilitation robots based on the analysis of physiological structure of the ankle joint. Subsequently, we examine design aspects aimed at enhancing precision based on the movement characteristics of the ankle joint, suggesting directions for further research. The control system is categorized into three types based on the driving method: passive, active, and assistive, with an explanation of their mechanisms of action. Finally, we summarize our findings and propose perspectives about the future development of ankle rehabilitation robots

A Brief Analysis of Electromagnetic Principles in Mechanical Design

Mechanical design is a crucial branch of engineering technology that focuses on the conception, development, and optimization of mechanical systems. This field encompasses a wide range of activities, from the initial design ideas to the final implementation of complex machinery. One of the innovative aspects of mechanical design is the application of electromagnetic phenomena, which offers valuable insights and references for improving various mechanical systems. This paper utilizes a literature review approach to delve into the application of electromagnetic principles within mechanical design. It explains the fundamental concepts of these principles and assesses their significant roles, particularly in areas such as electromagnetic drive, electromagnetic braking, and electromagnetic induction. By presenting practical examples, the paper highlights the importance and vast potential of integrating electromagnetic principles into modern mechanical design. Ultimately, this study aims to foster technological advancements in mechanical design, streamline the design process, and effectively solve real-world engineering challenges

The Application Potential of Microelectronic Processing and Integrated Circuit in Mechanical Design

The rapid development of microelectronic processing has not only fostered its interdisciplinary fusion with mechanical design. With the introduction of microelectronic processing, the precise control capabilities of mechanical systems have been significantly bolstered, and the energy consumption of machinery and equipment was also optimized, which has led to an increasingly high degree of automation, allowing for the execution of complex tasks and autonomous decision-making. Additionally, as both technologies continue to evolve towards smaller scales, their application scope is expanding, including Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), sensors, etc. This paper explores the application of microelectronic processing and integrated circuits in mechanical design, elucidating how advancements in microelectronics enhance the automation and intelligence of mechanical equipment. Furthermore, with the rise of nanotechnology, the paper discusses new applications of microelectronic processing in mechanical design fields such as automation control systems, sensors, and embedded systems. Meanwhile, the cost reduction and standardization of integrated circuits have boosted their popularity in a wider range of fields

Influence of drilling incidence angle on the drilling force distribution of pneumatic impactor

Pneumatic impactor is widely used in the drilling process of various medium and high hard rocks with poor drill ability. Currently, there is relatively little analysis on the impact of the inclination of the rock surface during the drilling process on the drilling efficiency and excavation capability of pneumatic impactors. Based on the dynamic theory of impact drilling and finite element method (FEM), the constitutive model of HJC criterion and INVENTOR 3D mechanical structure design software, a 3D numerical analysis system of piston-bit head-rock during pneumatic impactor drilling is established by ANSYS LS-DYNA, a nonlinear dynamic analysis software. The numerical results of drilling force at different incidence angles are analyzed in detail. For the rock without initial hole, the ratio of maximum to minimum drilling force under the conditions of considering incidence angle δ, only considering incidence angle β and considering both β and δ is 3.114, 3.161 and 3.873, respectively. For the rocks with initial holes, the ratio of maximum to minimum drilling force under the same and different incidence angles is 1.810 and 2.090, respectively. Through nonlinear fitting for numerical results, the corresponding fitting solution is obtained, and the relative error between fitting solution and numerical solution is analyzed to be between 11.72%~15.58%, which can meet the requirements of engineering application. The analysis results provide references for the mechanical structural optimization design and use of pneumatic impactor.

Application of Active Components such as DC Generators and Operational Amplifiers in Mechanical Design

DC generators and operational amplifiers have become increasingly important as the need for automation and precise control in mechanical engineering continues to grow. Since their invention in the 19th century, DC generators have played an important role in power systems, especially in applications that require a stable DC power supply. Meanwhile, since the 1960s, operational amplifiers have played an important role in analog circuits, and their applications cover a wide range of fields such as audio processing, signal conditioning, data acquisition and control systems. This paper explores the multiple applications of DC motors and operational amplifiers in mechanical systems and their integration through a literature review approach. It is found that these components not only improve the efficiency and performance of mechanical systems, but also provide higher control accuracy in areas such as robotics and industrial automation. In addition, with the continuous advancement of technology, the combination of the two is expected to realize innovations and breakthroughs in more fields. The research in this paper provides an important reference for the future innovation and development of mechanical engineering

New Developments in Residual Stress Evaluation for Welded and Polymeric Mechanical Component Design

New Developments in Residual Stress Evaluation for Welded and Polymeric Mechanical Component Design

Smart Mechanical Structures and Design for Advanced Adhesives: A Review

Abstract Smart adhesives with engineered mechanical structures have emerged as a transformative technology with broad applications in fields such as wearable healthcare devices, bioengineering, and soft robotics. By integrating advanced mechanical architectures like kirigami, tessellations, and multilayered designs, these adhesives exhibit enhanced surface and mechanical properties that lead to superior interfacial adhesion. Such designs offer critical advantages—improved stretchability, substrate conformability, and increased adhesion strength—over conventional adhesives. This review explores the range of engineered structures used in smart adhesives and demonstrates how these innovations address the limitations of traditional adhesives. Additionally, we discuss their applications in wearable healthcare devices, flexible electronics, and robotics.

A Review of Recent Developments in Quadruped Robots

Quadrupedal robots have emerged as a leading platform for navigating complex and uneven terrains, owing to their biomimetic design and superior adaptability compared to wheeled and tracked counterparts. This review provides an overview of the historical development of quadruped robots, from early mechanical designs to modern advancements in actuation, control, and artificial intelligence. Recent progress in hydraulic, electric, and pneumatic actuation systems, combined with improvements in motion planning algorithms and terrain recognition technologies, have significantly enhanced the performance of these robots in real-world applications. Additionally, key trends such as the integration of artificial intelligence for autonomy and the use of advanced materials for flexible body designs are highlighted. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions aimed at further improving the efficiency, stability, and versatility of quadrupedal robots

Research on the Project-Based Teaching Model for Engineering Majors in Colleges and Universities

Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs, a project-based teaching model was introduced. This approach integrates teaching design, scheme argumentation, and the implementation of teaching activities with the project serving as the central framework. Course knowledge points are derived from the project topics, forming the foundation for a structured knowledge framework. The course content is modularized in alignment with the project design, enabling students to engage with professional courses on a module-by-module basis, guided by the project. Each course utilizes the project topic as a practical case, facilitating project-led teaching. A teaching system tailored to the research project is proposed, establishing a professional course structure closely linked to the project objectives.

Design and Evaluation of a Leader–Follower Isomorphic Vascular Interventional Surgical Robot

Vascular interventional surgical robots (VISRs) can help doctors to avoid X-ray radiation. This paper proposes a leader–follower isomorphic robot where the structural form and operational logic are completely identical. The doctor’s operation on the leader robot is precisely replicated on the follower robot, enabling delivery and rotation capabilities. It can further achieve collaborative operation. This control system adopts a four-channel scheme based on acceleration and can achieve approximately ideal transparency. The leader–follower delivery error of the catheter/guidewire is less than 1 mm, and the leader–follower rotation error of the guidewire is less than 0.3° in an actual intervention task based on a human vascular model. Subsequently, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method was used to evaluate the learning curve of the robot system, demonstrating that both operators could master the operation method within 10 trials. We classified operators with different operational experience using machine learning methods. The classification process includes time-frequency domain feature extraction, feature selection based on the Relief method and random forest (RF) method, and a BP neural network (NN) classifier. The results indicate that this method can achieve accuracy of 94%. This paper comprehensively discusses the robot system from the perspectives of the mechanism design, control methods, and evaluation methods, providing valuable insights for the design of related robotic systems.

Bistable Mechanisms 3D Printing for Mechanically Programmable Vibration Control

Bistable mechanisms, characterized by their ability to maintain two distinct stable states under external stimuli, offer a versatile solution to engineering challenges, particularly in vibration suppression systems. While tuned mass dampers (TMDs) effectively mitigate vibrations at specific frequencies, their efficacy falls short across a broader spectrum. This work proposes enhanced adaptability for passive vibration reduction without dependence on complex control systems or external power sources by integrating bistable mechanisms into TMD systems. A bistable mechanism is designed based on numerical simulations and is 3D‐printed via fused filament fabrication. The bistable mechanism provides more adaptive characteristics by displacing the tuned mass on a flexible link. Following experimental testing, the optimized design for bistable mechanisms has been determined. Then, a chain of bistable mechanisms is introduced to achieve the desired displacement for carrying the TMD payload. The stroke length for the TMD vibration test has been customized to reduce system vibrations by carefully optimizing geometric configurations of bistable mechanisms.

Comparative Study on Hyperelastic Constitutive Models for the Static and Dynamic Behavior of Resilient Mounts.

Resilient mounts play a vital role in anti-vibration and shock-absorption systems, making precise estimation of their static and dynamic stiffness essential for ensuring optimal mechanical performance and effective design. This study investigates the behavior of resilient mounts by analyzing their static and dynamic stiffness characteristics through the application of various hyperelastic constitutive models. Seven hyperelastic models were reviewed and systematically compared using numerical simulations, experimental data, and analytical solutions. The model parameters were calibrated and optimized based on experimental results obtained from quasi-static loading tests, including tension, compression, and shear conditions. Additionally, frequency response simulations were employed to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the resilient mounts under varying preload scenarios. The results provide practical insights into the performance of hyperelastic models and offer a comprehensive guideline for selecting suitable models for resilient mount applications, contributing to improved accuracy in both static and dynamic performance predictions.

Design, analysis and experiment of a compliant displacement amplification mechanism with large amplification ratio

Design, analysis and experiment of a compliant displacement amplification mechanism with large amplification ratio

Decision Tree Model-Based Security Situational Awareness Approach for Wireless Communication Networks

Network security situational awareness is gaining increasing attention due to its capability to globally and dynamically detect potential network security risks. However, traditional security situational awareness models often exhibit poor classification performance, resulting in lower-than-expected acceleration and scalability ratios. In this paper, we propose a novel security situational awareness approach for wireless communication networks based on a decision tree model. First, reconfigure the category division module to categorize the attack data into four different types. Then, using time windows to segment the data flow between the network and the host promotes the design of effective security event detection mechanisms in the model. Finally, a comprehensive network security situational awareness model was constructed at the joint level using decision tree algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the acceleration ratio, and the space occupancy ratio can reach 80, indicating that the proposed method can have a high level of processing capability and accurate perception in network security situations, providing a guarantee for the security of wireless communication networks.

Analysis and Verification of a Slope Steering Model of TRVs in Hilly and Mountainous Environments

Compared to wheeled vehicles, tracked robotic vehicles have less ground pressure, greater traction adhesion, and stronger climbing and obstacle crossing capabilities, making them suitable for agricultural production in hilly areas. Good steering performance directly relates to the mobility performance and operating efficiency of tracked robotic vehicles. Affected by the ground slope, the ground pressure distribution of the vehicle’s two tracks is uneven, leading to changes in its steering performance. Therefore, analyzing and researching the steering performance of a tracked robotic vehicle under sloped conditions is of great significance. This study establishes a slope steering model for tracked robotic vehicles based on a ground pressure model of the multi-peak varying amplitude cosine distribution and the shearing displacement relationship between the track and the ground, and analyzes the impact of vehicle structural parameters, road surface parameters, and steering parameters on steering performance. To verify the proposed theoretical model, multi-body dynamics software is utilized for simulation modeling and analysis. Turning tests on different slopes are conducted on a “soil–machine–crop” integrated experimental platform. The relative error between the numerical analysis results and the virtual simulation software’s results is less than 12%, and the relative error between the numerical analysis results and the experimental results is less than 10.3%; the good consistency between the theoretical results and the simulation’s results and the experimental results indicates that the model is, indeed, correct and effective. The established steering model can provide a theoretical basis for the design and control of new steering mechanisms for agricultural tracked robotic vehicles.

Alternative Assessment for Enhancing Complex Problem-Solving Skills in Mechanical System Design Course

Traditional assessment methods in engineering education, such as exam-based evaluations, often fail to adequately measure complex problem-solving skills and practical application of knowledge, necessitating the exploration of innovative assessment approaches. This paper introduces the Constructive-Teamwork-Experiential-Presentation (CTEP), an alternative assessment approach applied in the Mechanical System Design course (ENT348) for undergraduate mechanical engineering students. The CTEP model is tailored to enhance complex problem-solving (CPS) abilities and engage students in complex engineering activities (CEA). It aligns with the 2020 standards of the Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC) and the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) 2.0, specifically addressing Programme Outcomes (PO) 3 (Design) and PO10 (Communication). Over four academic terms, this model incorporated interactive design tasks, collaborative teamwork, simulation exercises, and student presentations. The findings indicate notable improvements in achieving PO3 and PO10, with average attainment rates rising to 80% and 78%, respectively. Beyond academic achievements, the model also supported the development of essential skills such as creativity, collaboration, and effective communication. Challenges related to time management and limited resources were mitigated through guided supervision and institutional backing. Future studies aim to evaluate the potential of extending the CTEP model to other engineering disciplines.