Mechanical Properties Of Materials Research Articles

Analysis of mechanical properties of copper tantalum alloy material

Abstract Alloy material is one of the important factors affecting the penetration ability of shaped charge warhead. It is of great significance to study the mechanical properties of copper-tantalum alloy material for its application in shaped charge warhead. The mechanical tests of alloy materials at different temperatures and different strain rates were carried out by material universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar. The experimental results show that under quasi-static compression and dynamic compression, the plastic flow stress of Cu-40Ta material increases with the increase of strain rate, and has significant strain hardening effect. The plastic flow stress decreases with the increase of temperature, and there is thermal softening effect. The yield strength increases with the increase of strain rate, and the material has obvious strain rate strengthening effect.

Mechanical properties of dual-polymerizing resin-core material, dual-polymerizing resin cement, and bulk-fill composite resin used for restoring endodontically treated teeth

How resin-based material and a light-activation protocol influence the mechanical properties of materials used to cement glass fiber post-and-cores in endodontically treated teeth is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of immediate or 5-minute delayed light activation on the mechanical properties of dual-polymerizing resin cements and dual-polymerizing resin-core materials compared with bulk-fill composite resins. Nine resin-based materials were tested: 4 dual-polymerizing resin-core materials, (Allcem Core; FGM, LuxaCore Z; DMG, Rebilda DC; VOCO, and (Clearfil DC Core Plus; KURARAY), 3 dual-polymerizing resin cements, (RelyX Universal; 3M ESPE, RelyX U200; 3M ESPE, and Allcem Dual; FGM), and 2 bulk-fill composite resins, (Opus Bulk Fill APS; FGM, and Filtek One Bulk Fill; 3M ESPE). The dual-polymerizing materials were light activated using both protocols. The postgel shrinkage (Shr), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (E), Knoop hardness (KH), degree of conversion (DC), and depth of polymerization (DoP) were measured (n=10). The data for Shr, FS, E, and DoP were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA, and for KH and DC using 2-way repeated measurement ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). A 5-minute delay before light-activation significantly reduced Shr for all materials (P<.001). Increasing the depth significantly reduced the KH for all materials (P<.001). Bulk-fill composite resins and dual-polymerizing resin-core had higher KH values than dual-polymerizing resin cements (P<.001). Delayed 5-minute light-activation reduced postgel shrinkage and had no negative effect on mechanical properties. Dual-polymerizing resin-core materials exhibited higher KH values than dual-polymerizing resin cement and mechanical properties similar to those of bulk-fill composite resin.

Preface

In the ever-evolving landscape of technological advancements and scientific innovations, the field of materials engineering and intelligent manufacturing stands as a beacon of progress and transformation. It is within this context that the 2024 International Conference on Materials Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing (CMEIM 2024) has gathered scholars, researchers, engineers, and industry experts from across the globe to convene, collaborate, and share their groundbreaking insights and cutting-edge research. The CMEIM 2024 conference, held in Xiamen, China from October 18th to 20th, 2024, serves as a pivotal platform for discussing the latest trends, challenges, and opportunities in the realm of materials engineering and intelligent manufacturing. It is a testament to the relentless pursuit of excellence and the unwavering commitment to pushing the boundaries of knowledge and technology. The proceedings of this conference is a compilation of the finest research papers presented by the delegates. Each paper has undergone rigorous peer review to ensure its originality, technical accuracy, and relevance to the conference themes. The themes covered in the proceedings are diverse and comprehensive, encompassing a wide range of topics such as advanced materials, mechanical properties of materials, machine vision and intelligent inspection technology, manufacturing processes, intelligent systems, and sustainable production. The contributions in this paper volume not only reflect the depth and breadth of research being conducted in the field but also offer valuable insights into the future directions of materials engineering and intelligent manufacturing. They showcase the innovative thinking and groundbreaking work being done by researchers from different parts of the world, highlighting the global nature of scientific inquiry and technological innovation. The publication of this proceedings is a significant milestone in the journey of knowledge dissemination and academic exchange. It serves as a lasting legacy of the CMEIM 2024 conference, providing a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and practitioners in the field. We hope that the ideas and methods presented in this proceedings will inspire further research, foster collaborations, and contribute to the continued advancement of materials engineering and intelligent manufacturing. On behalf of the organizing committee, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the authors, reviewers, and participants who have made this conference a resounding success. Your contributions, dedication, and enthusiasm have been instrumental in shaping the CMEIM 2024 into a truly remarkable event. We also acknowledge the support and sponsorship of our partners and institutions, which have made the publication of the proceedings possible. As we look ahead, we are excited about the prospects of continued growth and development in the field of materials engineering and intelligent manufacturing. We believe that the insights and innovations presented in the proceedings will play a crucial role in shaping the future of this exciting and dynamic domain. List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay Improved by Sand Replacement and Biochar Additive for Subgrade Applications

Biochar (BC) is an eco-friendly material produced through coal pyrolysis and can improve the mechanical properties of cement-based construction and building materials. This research study explored the effects of BC and natural sand (Sand) replacement on the improved static and cyclic response of blended hydraulic cement (BHC) stabilized soft clay (SC) as a greener subgrade material. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile stress (ITS), and indirect tensile fatigue life (ITFL) of the BHC-stabilized SC-BC-Sand samples were examined. Adding 10% BC to the BHC-stabilized samples was found to enhance cementitious products due to its porous structure and high water absorbability. The UCS, ITS and ITFL at this optimum ingredient were improved up to 315%, 347% and 862%, respectively, compared to the BHC-stabilized SC. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis and a scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive -ray spectroscopy analyses the BHC-stabilized sample at the optimum ingredient showed the highest C-S-H and Ca(OH)2 in the pores. This investigation will encourage the utilization of BC to create both environmentally friendly and durable stabilized subgrade material.

Photoactivated rose bengal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles modified fifth-generation adhesive on the survival rate of Streptococcus mutants and mechanical properties of tooth-colored restorative material to carious dentin.

Assessment of the antimicrobial, micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), and degree of conversion (DC) of fifth-generation adhesive modified using photoactivated 0.5% rose bengal (RB) and photoactivated RB-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) in different concentrations (2% and 5%) as compared with the unmodified adhesive bonded to the carious affected dentin (CAD). Forty mandibular molars with caries progression up to the middle third of the dentin, as per the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score of 4 and 5 were included. Specimens were divided into four groups based on etch and rinse adhesive (ERA) modification group 1: unmodified ERA, group 2: photoactivated 0.5% RB photosensitizer (PS) modified ERA, group 3: photoactivated RB-doped 2 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive, group 4: photoactivated RB-doped 5 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive. Followed by adhesive and composite restoration on the CAD surface. All the specimens were thermocycled and an assessment of μTBS and failure pattern analysis was performed. The antibacterial potency of RB and RB-doped TiO2NPs (2% and 5%) followed by their activation using visible light against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) were tested. The survival rate of S.mutans was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The analysis of μTBS involved the use of ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparisons test. Group 1 (Unmodified ERA) (0.52 ± 0.31 CFU/mL) treated samples unveiled the highest means of bacterial survival and lowest μTBS (11.32 ± 0.63 MPa). Nevertheless, group 4: photoactivated RB-doped 5 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive displayed the lowest outcomes of S.mutans survival (0.11 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) and highest bond strength (18.76 ± 1.45 MPa). The photoactivated RB-doped 2 wt% TiO2NPs in adhesive demonstrated promising enhancements in both μTBS and antibacterial efficacy against S.mutans. However, it is noteworthy that this modification led to a decrease in the DC of the adhesive. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Unmodified ERA-treated samples unveiled the highest bacterial survival and the lowest μTBS. Photoactivated RB-doped 5 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive displayed the lowest S.mutans survival rate and highest bond strength. DC decreased with an increase in concentration of TiO2.

Study on mechanical and thermal characteristics based on a new type of metal matrix composite cabin

Abstract With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the aerodynamic heating problem faced by hypersonic vehicles makes it more and more demanding for the mechanical and thermal properties of cabin materials. The purpose of this study is to explore the performance of a new type of composite cabin under different temperature loads through mechanical and thermal simulation analysis. In the research, the simulation model is constructed based on the metal matrix composite instrument cabin, and the finite element analysis software is used to simulate the stress, strain, and load changes of the cabin during the temperature load of 200 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C, and compared with the traditional aluminum alloy 7075 material. The simulation results show that the new composite cabin has better mechanical and thermal performance under different temperature loads and shows good structural integrity and thermal stability while realizing a lightweight structure.

Tension Performance Prediction and Experiment of Optical Smart Composites Using Micromechanical Failure Theory

Abstract Embedding fiber optic sensors in composites can long-term instantly monitor the deformation and damage within the composite structure, which realizes structural health monitoring and life prediction. However, fiber embedding generally brings damage in terms of the composite material integrity and continuity, resulting the extreme stress concentration in the interface of the optical fiber and composite. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the composite material are potentially influenced unfavorably. To investigate the influence of microstructures such as optical fibers on the macroscopic tensile mechanical properties of composites, this paper develops a progressive damage analysis model inspired by the micromechanical failure theory. The established model can predict the stiffness and strength properties of fiber smart composites. The model is further verified by comparing the obtained tensile failure mechanism with the experimental results. The results show that the maximum relative error of the destructive load is only 3%, which demonstrates the accuracy and validity of the model. The work of this paper can provide guides for the optimization and strength prediction of smart composite structures with embedded optical fibers.

A comprehensive study on the microstructure and cryogenic mechanical properties of Er73Pr27 regenerator material

A comprehensive study on the microstructure and cryogenic mechanical properties of Er73Pr27 regenerator material

Degradation und mechanical behavior of nanofiber membranes for timed release of antibacterial additives

Abstract Ultrafine membranes produced via electrospinning exhibit multidirectional strength and elasticity. In contrast to compact polymer films or coatings, they also have an exceptional surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them attractive carrier structures for many biomedical applications, also with regard to the release of bioactive substances. Within the scope of an orientation study we investigated the mechanical properties of biodegradable nanofibrous carrier materials using tensile specimens made of nanoparticle loaded polydioxanone (PDO), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). Mass loss and tensile strength as well as pH changes during incubation at 37°C in an unbuffered isotonic saline solution with 10% ethanol were examined within defined time periods up to 33 days. Initial tests with several antibacterial additives, especially TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles and octenidine were performed.

Study on Pressure-Induced Band Gap Modulation and Physical Properties of Direct Band Gap Ca3NX3 (X = Cl, Br) for Optoelectronic and Thermoelectric Applications

Utilizing density functional theory, we have comprehensively analyzed the structural, electronic, mechanical, transport, and thermodynamic properties of Ca3NCl3 and Ca3NBr3 photovoltaic materials. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of pressures ranging from 0 to 80 GPa and observed that the applied pressure decreases the atomic distances, resulting in significant changes in the physical properties of both materials. We employed GGA-PBE and TB-mBJ functionals to calculate the band structures and density of states, confirming their semiconducting nature. At 0 GPa, both compounds initially display a direct bandgap (Γ-Γ) of 1.5 eV for Ca3NCl3 and 1.26 eV for Ca3NBr3 based on GGA-PBE calculations. In contrast, the TB-mBJ calculations show an increase in the bandgap to 2.25 eV for Ca3NCl3 and 1.84 eV for Ca3NBr3, respectively. When a pressure of 80 GPa was applied, the direct bandgap of Ca3NCl3 and Ca3NBr3 decreased to 0.23 eV and 0.12 eV with GGA-PBE, and to 0.92 eV and 0.74 eV with TB-mBJ, respectively. It was also observed that the effective mass decreases under applied pressure, making these materials promising candidates for solar cell applications. The mechanical stability of both perovskites was maintained up to 80 GPa. Poisson's ratio and Pugh's ratio indicate that both compounds are brittle at 0 GPa but tend to become more ductile under applied stress. The optical properties reveal that pressure alters the dielectric function, absorption spectra, and optical conductivity, causing a red shift from higher to lower photon energies. Several thermodynamic properties, including heat capacity, Debye temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, and entropy, have been calculated, with their dependencies on temperature and pressure illustrated. Finally, the thermoelectric response of these materials is evaluated by examining how various transport parameters - such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity, and power factor - depend on the temperature.

The Combination of X-ray Ct and Multi-particle Finite Element Method for Powder Compaction

Abstract The macroscopic mechanical properties of granular materials are closely related to their microscopic properties, and studying the compression problem of powder is helpful for establishing a constitutive law of powder compaction process. This study utilized X-ray CT technology to investigate the 3D numerical analysis model of loose particle stacking and compaction based on MPFEM, and investigated the mechanical behavior of powder under compression. The results of MPFEM were experimentally verified through powder uniaxial compression experiments, and the results showed that the calculated results of MPFEM were in good agreement with the experimental results. The method of X-ray CT can effectively capture the geometric characteristics of powder particles, and the MPFEM can obtain the true characteristics of plastic deformation of powder bodies, which is an important means of developing powder compaction constitutive models.

Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites

This work aimed to compare the mechanical properties and microstructures of Al2024-graphene, Al6061-graphene, and Al7075-graphene composites produced via the induction hot pressing and powder metallurgy method. The influences of graphene content (0.15-0.45wt.%), heat treatment (sintering and induction hot-pressing), and matrix material (Al2024, Al6061, and Al7075) on the mechanical strength and microstructure of specimens were studied. Compared to Al2024, Al6061 and Al7075 alloys, the compressive strength of Al2024-0.15graphene, Al6061-0.15graphene and Al7075-0.15graphene composites increased by 33.74%, 24.9% and 32%, respectively. The highest compressive strength (506±5 MPa), hardness (164±1.5 HV), and apparent density (2.65 g/cm3) were achieved in sintered and induction heat-treated Al7075-0.15%graphene composite. As a result, it was determined that graphene is an effective reinforcement element. It has been determined that induction hot-pressing improves the mechanical strength of composite materials.

Comparison of mechanical response of head structure with different brain material models under impact

Abstract Brian material models and mechanical properties are very important for pressure evolution experiments and numerical simulations in head structure under impact. A simplified head structure with core-shell finite element model was established, and the motion, skull stress, skull deformation, and brain stress were numerically simulated with different soft tissue material models. The equivalence of the material model in stress propagation simulation was discussed. In the present work, it showed that when the head with impact velocity of 1m/s, the head structure rebound with a velocity of 0.6 m/s ∼ 0.8m/s, and occurred between 600μs and 1000μs due to different material models, at this time, the stress wave oscillation propagated in the skull underwent 3-5 repeated loads. The positive pressure on the impact side of brain tissue could reach 400kPa ∼ 800kPa, the negative pressure on the opposite side was between −150 kPa to −385kPa, the skull strain was between −1.8 ‰ to −3.7 ‰, and the skull stress was between 25.3MPa ∼ 41.2MPa. In a larger range of impact velocities, material models with strain rate effect have more advantages in stress wave transmission and pressure changing within the core-shell structure. The strain rate effect characterized only by creep and relaxation has limited effects on impact simulation, and directly introducing different strain rate mechanical property interpolation for hyperelastic model simulation is more effective.

A prediction model for the mechanical properties of SUS316 stainless steel ultrathin strip driven by multimodal data mixing

Constructing a mapping relationship among material preparation process, microstructure, and mechanical properties is a challenge in material research and development. In this work, a deep learning framework for multimodal data fusion is constructed that couples a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and a residual neural network (ResNet) to predict mechanical properties of SUS316 stainless steel ultrathin strips. Specifically, the MLP branch is used to extract the rolling process data features, and the ResNet with the addition of a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) is used to extract the microstructure features. Six models are constructed for comparison under the comprehensive consideration of factors such as unimodal network, the multimodal network and input form of image samples. The results show that the multimodal data model fused with the ResNet and MLP after adding the CBAM using both rolling process data and four types of microstructure image data as model inputs has the most accurate prediction results. The R2, MAPE, RMSE and MAE are 0.998, 0.727, 4.440 and 3.359, respectively. In addition, the proposed model is used for predicting yield strength and elongation, and the results show that the R2 values of both models on the test set are greater than 0.980, fully confirming that the multimodal data model has high prediction accuracy and good generalizability.

METHODS FOR TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIALS IN OIL AND GAS FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

Methods of testing and quality control of materials in the construction of oil and gas industry facilities play a key role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and durability of structures. Both destructive and non-destructive methods are used in construction, each of which has its advantages and limitations. Destructive methods allow a deeper study of the mechanical properties of materials, but their use leads to damage to samples. At the same time, non-destructive methods such as ultrasound diagnostics and laser scanning ensure monitoring of the condition of objects without destroying their integrity. Hybrid and combined test methods allow for more accurate results, which is critically important for the oil and gas industry. The use of modern technologies in the field of quality control significantly reduces operational risks and increases the service life of facilities.

Investigation of the effect of thermo-mechanical processing orientation on the final material performance in 6xxx aluminium alloys produced with high recycling rates

Recycling of aluminium alloys is crucial due to its effects on environment, economy and social situations. It is also a popular research topic for aluminium producers and aluminium end users like automotive industry due to its tremendous effects on final carbon equivalent value and price. This scientific study emphasizes the critical importance of recycling in alloys used in the automotive sector, investigating the effects of thermo-mechanical processing orientation on the final material performance of 6XXX aluminium alloys with high recycling rates. Specifically, materials obtained using high recycling rates on 6063 and 6082 alloys produced for the automotive industry have been examined. The study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials under thermal load through methods such as anisotropic strength correlations and bake-paint testing. The central focus of the study is to establish correlations between mechanical properties in different orientations based on thermal inputs. Data obtained through mechanical tests and bake paint tests conducted at 0, 45, and 90-degree orientations to extrusion direction play a crucial role in determining the material's performance. The findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of 6XXX aluminium alloys produced with high recycling rates on the final material performance in industrial applications.

Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Gap and Flexural Strength of CAD/CAM Milled, 3D Printed and Conventional Chairside Interim 3-unit Fixed Dental Prosthesis: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Interim prosthesis play an important role in maintaining integrity of abutment tooth till final prosthesis is fabricated. Thus, using different fabrication techniques which can affect the mechanical properties of material can be useful to determine longevity of prosthesis. Aim: To evaluate the marginal gap and Flexural Strength (FS) of Computer-aided Designing/Computer-aided Milling (CAD/CAM) milled, 3D printed and conventional chairside interim 3-unit Fixed Dental Prosthesis (FDP). Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, for duration of one year and six months between May 2022 to November 2023, 45 dies were fabricated by 3D printing technique. A total of 45 3-unit fixed dental prosthesis were fabricated over these dies by various techniques i.e., CAD/CAM Milled, 3D Printed and Conventional i.e., 15 sample per group I and J. All samples were cemented on dies under 20 N force and were evaluated for marginal gap with stereomicroscope under 40X magnification and assessed in millimetre (mm). Mean of marginal gap at premolar and molar for each sample was evaluated. Thermocycling was carried out for 5,000 cycles in distilled water (5oC and 55oC) in a digitally controlled water-bath chamber. Universal testing machine was used to evaluate FS using “three-point bend test”. One-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test were used for statistical analysis. Results: On evaluation of marginal gap, a significant difference was noted between the three groups with p-value=0.0006 with 3D printed group showing the most marginal gap. On evaluation of FS, a significant difference was noted between the three groups with p-value=0.0001. On pair-wise comparison, highly statistically significant difference was seen between all groups where CAD/CAM Milled showed greater FS followed by conventional and 3D printed. Conclusion: The CAD/CAM Milled showed better marginal adaptation and greater FS followed by conventional and 3D printed group.

Структурa і властивості матеріалів Fe—Al—Ga в області концентрацій, збагачених залізом

The structure and mechanical properties of materials of the Fe—Al—Ga system (in the concentration range of 78—82% (wt.) Fe), obtained by sintering at 1150 oC in Ar medium for 1 hour, were studied. The starting materials were mixtures of Fe, Al powders and crushed Fe—Ga ligature alloy of equiatomic composition. Seven mixtures were produced, of which two mixtures had a binare compo¬sition (% (wt.)): Fe—17,5Al and Fe—21,4Ga; and all the others were three-component, with gradual substitution of Al for Ga. The phase composition of the samples was studied by the methods of X-ray diffraction and local X-ray microspectral analyses. To determine the mechanical characteristics, the Brinell method was used, microdurometric studies were carried out, and mechanical tests of the samples were carried out under conditions of uniaxial compression. The effect of Al on the change in the porosity of Fe—Al—Ga ternary alloys and the maximum manifestation of the “swelling” effect for Fe—Al composition samples was established. It is shown that the main phase of the obtained materials is a solid solution based on Fe, in which Al and Ga are dissolved in the appropriate proportions. In the Fe—Al samples and in the samples of the ternary composition, there are local separations of phases containing, in addition to the main metals, carbon and oxygen in significant quantities. In the structure of Fe—Ga samples, carbon is not detected, and oxygen is present in a small amount. The results of the mechanical compression tests showed that the Fe—21,4Ga composition samples, like the pure Fe samples, are quite plastic and do not break up to a degree of compression of 75—82%. For materials with binary composition with Ga, an increase in the elastic range was recorded compared to pure Fe, and the replacement of a small proportion of Ga with Al (up to 2% by weight) in the material composition contributes to its strengthening. Keywords: Fe, Al, Ga, microstructure, phase formation, microhardness, mechanical compression characteristics.

3D Printing of Continuous Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Characterization of the In-Plane Mechanical Properties and Anisotropy Evaluation.

Usage of continuous fibers as a reinforcement would definitely increase the mechanical properties of 3D-printed materials. The result is a continuous fiber-reinforced composite obtained by additive manufacturing that is not limited to prototyping or non-structural applications. Among the available continuous reinforcing fibers, basalt has not been extensively studied in 3D printing. This material is attractive due to its natural origin, good mechanical properties, impact strength, and high chemical and thermal resistance. In this work, a continuous basalt fiber co-extruded composite obtained by fused filament fabrication was characterized both thermally and mechanically, concerning the in-plane tensile properties. The degree of anisotropy of the material was also assessed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The 3D-printed composite showed longitudinal properties, which were 15 times higher than the pure matrix, thus meeting structural requirements. On the other hand, transverse and shear properties were much lower than longitudinal ones, thus leading to a strongly anisotropic material. This was also confirmed by the anisotropy evaluation that was performed numerically and graphically using an innovative approach. This behavior affects the design of 3D-printed parts; thus, an optimized continuous fiber deposition is necessary for structural applications.

Physically-based collapse failure criteria in progressive collapse analyses of random-parameter multi-story RC structures subjected to column removal scenarios

The definition and determination of dynamic collapse limit states for design and safety assessment of civil structures is still an open problem in the context of progressive collapse, in particular for structural reliability and robustness quantifications. Hence, this paper summarizes, compares, and evaluates three kinds of collapse failure criteria in literature for reinforced concrete (RC) multi-story frames subjected to column removal scenarios, including the displacement-based criterion, the resistance-based criterion, and the energy-based criterion. Totally, 48 deterministic cases and 480 stochastic cases for six different planar RC frames subjected to 48 different column removal scenarios are studied in the progressive collapse analyses to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the three kinds of criteria. In the stochastic analyses, the depth of the concrete cover and the key material mechanical properties for both concrete and reinforcing steel are chosen as random inputs, where the uncertainties are observed to have great influence on the collapse limit states. The results demonstrate that the different structural designs and the uncertainties in structural parameters will lead to different collapse limit states, which are strongly linked with the specific failure modes or paths during the progressive collapse. The code-compliant seismic design can significantly improve the deformation capacity of the RC frames and allow sufficient development of load redistributions. In such cases, the empirical collapse failure criteria including both the deformation-based and the resistance-based criteria adopting an empirically prescribe deterministic threshold may fail to accurately determine the collapse limit states. None of them can be adaptive to different structures with different failure modes or paths, either too conservative or too much overestimating the performance. Conversely, the energy-based criterion adopting a physical approach rather than an empirical constant threshold is a physically-based and problem adaptive approach, which can be adaptive to different structures with different failure modes or paths according to the specific computational results. Hence, the energy-based criterion shows the best performance for determining the collapse limit states and is less affected by the different failure modes or paths.