Mechanical Properties Of Basalt Fiber Research Articles

Experimental study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced nano-SiO2 concrete after high temperature

Experimental study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced nano-SiO2 concrete after high temperature

Effect of seawater corrosion on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites modified by silane coupling agent KH560 and carboxylated carbon nanotubes

Basalt fiber reinforced composite (BFRP) has been widely used in various engineering fields, while the corrosion resistance of BFRP in harsh environments needs to be improved. In this work, the effects of seawater corrosion on mechanical properties of silane coupling agent (KH560) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified basalt fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites (BF/EP) were studied by simulating seawater corrosion under different conditions. The results showed that with the increase in corrosion time and temperature, the flexural performance and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composite material significantly decreased. Under the same corrosion conditions, the modified basalt fiber composite has better corrosion resistance to seawater than the untreated one due to an enhanced "soft-rigid" multi-scale stress transfer region between the BF and resin matrix. The flexural strength, flexural modulus and ILSS of modified basalt fiber composites decreased by 17.7 %, 12.2 % and 11.3 %, respectively, after 7 weeks of seawater corrosion at 60 °C, while that of untreated basalt fiber composites decreased by 28.2 %, 20.4 % and 19.7 %, respectively. In addition, the corrosion of distilled water on basalt fiber composites was also studied. Similarly, the modified basalt fiber composites showed better corrosion resistance to distilled water compared to the untreated basalt fiber composites. The research shows that the synergistic modification of KH560 and CNTs can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of BF/EP. This work is significant for promoting the development of BFRP and its application in marine environment.

Study on the composition-property relationships of basalt fibers based on symbolic regression and physics-informed neural network

Despite the known influence of chemical composition on the mechanical properties of basalt fibers, a clear understanding of this relationship is lacking. Chemical composition analysis and mechanical property tests are performed on basalt fiber samples. Test data is collected from various countries and regions to expand the dataset. An improved Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach is specifically designed to address the complexities of this relationship. By incorporating physical models like the Makishima-Mackenzie model, Rocherulle model and a symbolic regression formula, the PINN leverages established physical principles to enhance its ability to understand the underlying mechanisms governing the influence of chemical composition on mechanical properties. This focus on physical mechanisms not only improves the interpretability of the model but also empowers it to make accurate predictions, as evidenced by the high squared correlation coefficients of 0.8767 and 0.8145 between predicted and experimental values of modulus and strength, respectively.

Effect of CeO2 doping on structural, electrical and mechanical properties of basalt fibers

Developing basalt fibers with low dielectric properties and excellent water resistance is still very challenging. To overcome this problem, basalt glass and basalt fibers with different CeO2 content were prepared in this paper by using the conventional melt cooling method and single hole drawing process. The relationship between CeO2 content (0 wt%-4 wt%), the structural, electrical and mechanical properties of basalt fibers was investigated by using XRD, Raman, dielectric properties tester and fiber strength and elongation meter. The results showed that when the weight content of CeO2 was 2 wt%, the glass had the most stable network structure with the largest degree of linkage, resulting in a 75 % increase in water resistance, the lowest values of dielectric constant (6.25) and dielectric loss (4.38 × 10−3), and a 33 % increase in tensile strength.

Mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced ambient-cured lightweight expanded polystyrene geopolymer concrete

This study investigated the mechanical properties of ambient-cured lightweight expanded polystyrene (EPS) geopolymer concrete (LEGC) specimens with densities ranging from 1321 to 1912 kg/m3 (i.e., EPS dosing of 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%) by dosing basalt fiber (BF) with volume contents of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%. First, density, workability, quasistatic compression, splitting tensile, flexural and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests were carried out with the LEGC specimens. Based on the test results, the quasistatic compressive strength enhancement rates of LEGC specimens dosed with EPS volume contents of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% under the effect of optimal dosing of BF were 10.39%, 19.71%, 16.61%, and 15.18%; the split strength enhancement rates were 14.08%, 21.54%, 26.83% and 19.44%; the flexural strength enhancement rates were 7.35%, 17.82%, 22.56% and 17.34%; and the UPV enhancement rates were 2.82%, 1.90%, 3.12% and 2.95%, respectively. Consequently, empirical formulas were established for predicting the quasistatic compressive strengths, splitting tensile strengths, flexural strengths, and UPV values of the LEGC specimens. The prediction equations were also compared with the empirical equations proposed by previous researchers. Finally, to characterize the damage mechanisms of the LEGC specimens, computerized tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were also performed on damaged LEGC specimens.

Early age dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced early strength concrete

AbstractThe dynamic compression test was carried out on basalt fiber reinforced early strength concrete (BFRESC) with ages of 4–24 h by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system. The effects of curing age and basalt fiber content on dynamic mechanical properties of ESC was analyzed. The result shows that the dynamic compressive strength and specific energy absorption of BFRESC at early ages increase continuously with the increase of fiber content. The dynamic compressive strength of concrete at the early ages increases exponentially with the strain rate. With the increase of curing age, the strain rate sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength of concrete increases gradually, and the strain rate sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength of BFRESC with fiber content of 0.1% is the strongest. The specific energy absorption of concrete at early ages increases linearly with the strain rate. With the increase of curing age, the strain rate sensitivity of specific energy absorption of concrete increases gradually, and basalt fiber can enhance the strain rate sensitivity of specific energy absorption of concrete. Based on the comparison with the formula for dynamic increase factor (DIF) calculation provided by Comite Euro‐International du Beton (CEB), etc., a model of DIF based on the increase of curing age is proposed.

Effect of AA6061 on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Resin by Using Hand Layup Process

Abstract: In this research work, thermo-set polymer hybrid compound was manufactured by using vinyl ester resin. In this study, vinyl ester resin is utilized as a matrix material. Introduce to study, an AA 6061 particulate filler is added with weight ratio of (0, 5, 10, 15) and basalt fiber (330 gsm) is arranged one on other, hand layup procedure is used to prepare a composite objects. These composite materials are cut in to the test specimen’s as per the ASTM standards. The mechanical properties like tensile, impact, and flexural strength are calculated according to the ASTM standards. In this work, composite with filler materials shows superior mechanical properties than the material without filler materials. The effects of AA6061 on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin are studied from the experiment results. It has considerable effect on the mechanical properties of the composite material. In particular, a comprehensive SEM examination of the damaged sample surfaces has been undertaken to find out bonding between AA6061 filler, matrix and reinforcement

Experimental assessment of the efficiency of deep learning method in predicting the mechanical properties of polymer concretes and composites

The current study is an attempt to investigate the usefulness of a deep learning-based method, backpropagation deep neural network (DNN) for the prediction of the mechanical properties of basalt fiber and nanoclay reinforced polymer concrete (PC) composite. To accurately evaluate the efficiency of the DNN model, instead of building the dataset from the experimental data available in the literature, all training and validation data are prepared from the experimental investigation conducted in this work. First, the mechanical properties of neat epoxy, and its combination with fly ash, silica sand, crushed basalt, basalt fiber, and nanoclay (67 different combinations) are experimentally obtained. The obtained results are used to construct three datasets. Then, three independent DNN models are presented so that the weight percentage of the ingredients is six input variables and compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths of the PC are the output parameters. The DNN models including three hidden layers and the structures of 6-13-13-11-1 are selected as optimal configurations. The prediction accuracy of the validation specimens remains satisfying with the maximum relative errors of 3.49%, 3.45%, and 4.43% for compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength, respectively. The statistical criteria R2, RMSE, and MAE for tensile strength are calculated 0.9953, 0.4471, and 0.3219, respectively. The DNN model for tensile strength shows a higher accuracy than compressive and flexural strength. The obtained results have proven the effectiveness of the deep learning method for predicting the properties of PC, even with a small dataset (67 experimental data points). Finally, partial dependence plots (PDPs) are implemented within the presented DNN models to analyze the sensitivity of the predicted mechanical properties to each single input variable. Using the obtained results, it is possible to predict the mechanical properties of PC without fabricating and testing the specimens, as well as obtain the optimal weight percentage of resin and fillers to achieve the maximum compressive, flexural, and tensile strength. This information is useful in designing and optimizing the composition of the PC.

Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Perlite Aggregate Cement Mortars

– In this study, the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced perlite aggregate cementmortars were investigated. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of basalt fiber on the strengthproperties of cement mortar and to identify the optimal fiber content. Specimens with different proportionsof basalt fiber were prepared, and their compressive and flexural strengths were measured at 7 days and 28days. A control specimen with no fiber reinforcement (B0) was used for comparison.The results showed that basalt fiber generally enhanced the strength of the cement mortar. The specimenswith basalt fiber reinforcement exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths compared to the controlspecimen (B0). Particularly, a more significant increase in strength values was observed in the specimenswith basalt fiber at the 28-day testing period. However, the effect of basalt fiber content and distributionvaried among the specimens. In some specimens (B1.5, B2, B3), a slight decrease in strength was observedat certain testing periods.This study highlights the significance of basalt fiber reinforced perlite aggregate cement mortars as aresearch area, considering the increasing demand for their use in construction applications.

Crack propagation analysis and mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced cement composites with changing fiber surface characteristics

The large-scale application of basalt fiber reinforced cement composites (BFRCC) is due to the relatively high performance and decreased CO2 footprint of basalt fiber. Still, the ultimate tensile strain of BFRCC is always difficult to exceed 1%, hindering its popularity. Chemical grafting on the basalt fiber surface is a promising way to deal with the such drawback. The crack propagation mechanism of BFRCC is also unclear. Thus, the influence of fiber interface characteristics on the tensile failure mechanism of BFRCC is analyzed. The main work of this study is to achieve ultra-high toughness BFRCC with ultimate tensile strain exceeding 2% through chemical modification of fiber surface. The decrease in bonding strength has little effect on the water absorption of BFRCC but can improve its compressive and tensile properties to 1.88 times and 1.95 times. The crack resistance mechanism of modified BFRCC was revealed. The results showed that the average crack propagation speed of modified BFRCC was one order of magnitude lower, and the initiation energy threshold and crack propagation energy were higher. Proper interfacial bonding strength and high sliding friction coefficient can suppress the cracking width and fiber breaking rate.

Low temperature direct growth of carbon nanostructures on basalt fibers

Among natural fibers, basalt fibers have recently emerged as the main candidate to replace glass fibers in composite materials. Since the fiber/matrix interface strongly influences the final mechanical properties in a fiber reinforced composite, the current aim is to optimize the efficiency of the load transfer between the two different phases in the composite by growing carbon nanostructures (CNS), both nanofibers and nanotubes, on the surface of unsized basalt fibers exploiting less common catalysts compared to transition metals. Carbon nanostructures were grown onto unsized basalt fibers by chemical vapor deposition under different growth temperatures, using three different catalysts: copper, sodium, and iron. Considering the negative influence that high temperature has on the mechanical properties of basalt fibers, by lowering the synthesis temperature, we preserved the intrinsic properties of the basalt fibers, losing only 5% of the tensile strength at 300 °C growth temperature with a copper-based catalyst, while obtaining dense and uniform CNS growth. The different morphologies of the CNS obtained on the surface of the fibers were investigated by morphological and spectroscopic analyzes, while fiber/matrix adhesion was characterized by single fiber pull out tests, showing increases of 30% and 60% in interfacial shear strength and total pull out work, respectively. These less common catalysts provide an expanded design strategy for obtaining composites with improved interfacial bonding and multifunctional properties.

A Review on Basalt Fiber and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: Advancement and Industrial Applications

Abstract: Basalt fiber is a type of mineral fiber that is derived from basalt rock. It has excellent mechanical properties, high resistance to chemicals, superior thermal stability, and good resistance to moisture. Additionally, it is environmentally friendly as it can be easily recycled. All these properties are better when compared to E-glass, which uses many industries for structural applications. The use of basalt fiber reinforced composites (FRC) in industries is still limited because there isn't enough information available about them and their production is not yet at a large scale. This makes them more expensive to produce, which reduces their adoption in industrial applications. This paper critically evaluates the current knowledge and understanding of basalt FRC and highlights the growing interest in researching and publishing articles related to basalt composites. In addition to reviewing the current state of knowledge on basalt fiber reinforced composites, this paper also shares information about the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of basalt fibers. It also includes some data on the environmental impact of producing basalt fiber reinforced composites and reviews the typical industrial applications where they can be used.

Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Cemented Silty Sand: Laboratory Tests, Statistical Analysis and Microscopic Mechanism

Benefiting from low cost, high tensile strength, chemical stability, and great resistance to temperature, alkaline, and acids, it is a reasonable and valuable technology to use basalt fiber (BF) as an admixture to optimize building materials. So far, the challenge is still to master the engineering performance of BF-reinforced materials, especially poor subgrade soils. To this end, this paper carried out a series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, splitting tensile strength (STS) tests, and scanning environmental microscope (SEM) tests to study the mechanical properties and microstructure mechanism of BF-reinforced subgrade cemented silty sand with different fiber contents and curing times. The aims of this research were: (i) the UCS and STS of basalt fiber reinforced uncemented silty sand (BFUSM) and basalt fiber reinforced cemented silty sand (BFCSM) both increased with the increase of curing time and the strength reached the maximum value after curing for 28 days; (ii) the optimal fiber content was 0.2%, and a good linear correlation existed between UCS and STS; (iii) from the microscopic point of view, the combination of BF and cement could combine the physical action of fiber reinforcement and the chemical action of cement hydration reaction to form a fiber-cement-soil skeleton structure to improve the strength of silty sand and the improvement effect after working together was better than separately incorporated BF or cement; and (iv) the corresponding developed multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR) models which can well predict UCS and STS of BFUSM and BFCSM were established.

Effect of different sizing agent-treated basalt fibers on bending and cracking performance of reinforced BFRC beams

Basalt fiber (BF) is a green material and has been used to strengthen concrete. The mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) materials and members are inconsistent in literature. Considering the influence of bonding properties between BF and cement matrix on the mechanical properties of BFRC, four scenarios of BFRC addressed with different sizing agents are included to investigate the bending performance of reinforced BFRC (100 × 120 × 1100 mm) beams through the four-point bending test. Digital image correlation (DIC) technology is adopted to measure the cracking development of the beams during loading. Based on the macroscopic results from bending test (including cracking, deformation, cracking/ultimate load, cracking/ultimate moment) and microscopic analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the type of sizing agent plays an important role in determining the bonding properties at the interface between BF and cement matrix, thus affecting the bending performance of BFRC beams. Based on the cracking performance (including the number of cracks, width of cracks, and development of cracks) and ultimate load of the beams under bending load, the order from the strongest to weakest bending performance of BFRC beams with different size agent is: BFRC with dispersed basalt fibers (DBF) > flexible basalt fibers (FBF) > cluster basalt fibers (CBF) > alkali resistant fibers (ARF).

Grey Correlation Analysis between Macro Mechanical Damage and Meso Volume Characteristics of SBS Modified Asphalt Mixture under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

The effect of freeze–thaw (F–T) in the seasonal frozen area would lead to damage to asphalt pavement. After water enters asphalt pavement, the water in voids would expand at a lower temperature, which could change the void content and number, affecting the macro mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture. The rapid development of CT scanning and digital image processing (DIP) provides powerful technical support for the research of asphalt mixture meso volume characteristics. In this paper, the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mixture subjected to F–T cycles were tested at different temperatures to clarify the decay law of mechanical properties under F–T cycles. Then, the meso images of the asphalt mixture under various F–T cycles could be obtained by using CT tomography. Based on DIP technology, the meso characteristic parameters of CT images for asphalt mixture were extracted, and the development of asphalt mixture freeze–thaw damage was further analyzed. The test results showed that with the F–T cycle, the macro mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture rapidly declined in the early stage of the F–T cycle and gradually tended to be flat. There would be serious damage inside the asphalt mixture in the late stage of the F–T cycle. The damage to the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture under the F–T cycle can be attributed to the change in the internal mesostructure of the asphalt mixture. Based on the grey relational analysis theory, the formation of the connected void was the main factor affecting the damage in the early stage of the F–T cycle, while the formation of new voids mainly affected the later development of F-T damage.

Experimental study and theoretical analysis on dynamic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete

Basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) has the advantages of strong impact toughness, excellent high temperature resistance and good durability, and it has been gradually used in building structures. During the service life, a concrete structure may be subjected to high strain rate dynamic effects such as explosion, but the research on the impact performance of BFRC still warrants further effort. In order to explore the dynamic mechanical properties of BFRC under high strain rates, an experimental study was conducted on BFRC using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) by considering 5 strain rates, 4 basalt fiber (BF) contents and 4 BF lengths, so as to analyze the effects of strain rate, BF content and BF length on its dynamic mechanical properties. The results showed that the increase in strain rate under the same BF condition would significantly increase the compressive failure extent and improve the compressive strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF) of BFRC. Under a constant strain rate, the compressive strength, DIF and deformability of BFRC all showed an increasing trend first followed by a decrease with the increase of either BF content or BF length. According to the static and dynamic data of comprehensive analysis, it was found that the compressive strength and DIF of BFRC reached their maximum values (88.0 MPa and 2.71, respectively) at the BF content of 0.2% and the BF length of 6 mm. The DIF was more sensitive to the BF content than to the BF length. Combined with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computerized tomography (CT) technology, the action mechanism of the dynamic mechanical properties of BFRC was analyzed and revealed from a microscopic perspective. Meanwhile, considering the effect of BF reinforcement, the BFRC dynamic constitutive equation was proposed based on the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) model and applied to numerical calculation. The results showed that the proposed constitutive model had a good applicability. The findings in this paper provide useful experimental and theoretical basis for the calculation and response analysis of BFRC structures under dynamic loads such as impact and explosion. • The tests on the dynamic performance of BFRC under impact were carried out. • The effects of strain rate, BF content and BF length on the compression properties of BFRC were analyzed. • The fiber reinforcement mechanism of BFRC was explored from microscopic perspectives. • The BFRC dynamic constitutive equation was established.

Experimental study and mechanism analysis on basic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete

AbstractIn order to comprehensively examine the influence of basalt fiber on the basic mechanical properties of concrete, the axial compression, axial tension and direct shear tests were carried out on basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) with different fiber contents and fiber lengths. The failure modes and stress–strain curves under different loading modes were obtained from the test data, and the basic mechanical parameters of BFRC were extracted from the curves. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn. With the increase of fiber content, both the compressive strength and tensile strength showed an upward trend first followed by a downward trend. In general, the shear strength of BFRC was lower than that of ordinary reinforced concrete with no fiber (RC). All BFRC specimens had an increased peak strain and significantly improved deformability compared to RC. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the specimen with a fiber content of 0.2% and a fiber length of 6 mm (BFRC‐0.2%‐6) exhibited the best mechanical properties. In addition, mathematical regression analysis was performed on the normalized stress–strain curves of BFRC, and the influencing parameters model of basalt fiber was proposed based on the fiber content and fiber length. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computed tomography were utilized to analyze the influencing mechanism of basalt fiber content and fiber length on the mechanical properties of concrete from the microcosmic and mesoscopic perspectives.

Effect of TiO2 on preparation condition, mechanical properties and alkali resistance of continuous basalt fibers

The low alkali resistance of basalt fiber limits its utilization in the strong alkaline environment such as cement and concrete as the reinforcing material. Adding additive in the basalt rocks is the feasible method to enhance the alkali resistance. However, it is necessary to develop the efficient additive for basalt fiber. In this work, the effect of TiO2 on the preparation condition, alkali resistance and mechanical properties of basalt fiber was investigated. The preparation conditions were studied by DSC, XRD and high-temperature rotational viscometer. Then the corrosion behavior of TiO2-basalt fibers in NaOH solution was studied via SEM/EDX, FIB/SEM and FTIR. The results indicated that the viscosity of basalt melt decreased significantly with the increasing TiO2 content from 0% to 2%, but the crystallization tendency was not changed with TiO2 below 2%, the upper limit for TiO2 addition. The tensile strength increased by 20–60% because Ti4+ promoted Al3+ into the network structure and intensify the polymerization by entering the network structure as network precursor in the form of [TiO4]. Meanwhile, TiO2 in the basalt fibers formed insoluble titanium hydroxide, so the weight loss of TiO2-basalt fibers in NaOH solution was reduced up to 50%. Through FIB/SEM/EDX, the corrosion of basalt fiber in alkali condition is controlled by ion diffusion. The outward diffusion of Fe, Mg and Ti to the surface of fiber formed the insoluble layer, so the rate of substitution reaction between the OH− and basalt fibers was slowed down, but it also leaded to the non-uniform corrosion.

Effect of heat treatment on structure and mechanical properties of basalt fibers and its application for fabrication Cu based composite

This paper firstly presents an experimental investigation of the effects of heat treatment temperatures and atmosphere on the tensile strength and structure of basalt fibers. The results show that the basalt fibers after heat treatment in air (200–600 °C) have the characteristics of amorphous state due to the oxidation of Fe2+ into Fe3+. On the contrary, the vacuum heat treatment induces the crystallization of basalt fibers. The reason is that the Fe2+ cations can act as network modifiers and the Fe3+ can participate in and enhance glass network. Furthermore, the single fiber strength of basalt fiber decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature. However, the single fiber strength of basalt fibers after vacuum heat treatment is about 3 times that of basalt fibers after air heat treatment. On this foundation, basalt fibers were used for fabrication of copper matrix composites by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot press sintering (HPS) for the first time. The results exhibit that the strength of basalt fibers reinforced copper matrix composites prepared by SPS is 276 MPa, which are higher than that by HPS (192 MPa) due to fast heating rate and short holding time.

Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced High-Performance Concrete Using Machine Learning Techniques.

In this research, we present an efficient implementation of machine learning (ML) models that forecast the mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced high-performance concrete (BFHPC). The objective of the present study was to predict compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of BFHPC through ML techniques and propose some correlations between these properties. Moreover, the modulus of elasticity (ME) values and compressive stress–strain curves were simulated using ML techniques. In this regard, three predictive algorithms, including linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), and polynomial regression (PR), were considered. LR, SVR, and PR were utilized to forecast the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of BFHPC, and the PR technique was employed to simulate the compressive stress–strain curves. The performance of the models was also determined by the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute errors (MAE), and root mean square errors (RMSE). According to the obtained values of R2, MAE, and RMSE, the performance of PR was better than other types of algorithms in estimating the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths. For example, R2 values were 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98 in predicting the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths using PR, respectively. This shows the higher accuracy and reliability of the PR technique compared with other predictive algorithms. Finally, we concluded that ML techniques can be appropriately applied to assess the mechanical characteristics of BFHPC.