Mechanical Properties Of Aluminum Research Articles

Formation of intermetallic compounds and their effect on mechanical properties of aluminum–titanium alloy films

AbstractAl–Ti alloy films with various Ti contents were prepared through magnetron co-sputtering with Al and Ti targets and treated with vacuum annealing at 400 °C. Energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nanoindentation were used to determine the composition, microstructure and hardness of the films to reveal the existence of intermetallic compounds and their effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The results showed that Al–Ti films with lower Ti contents formed nanocrystalline structures of highly supersaturated solid solution. With the increase of Ti content, various types of Al–Ti intermetallic compound bonds formed. The existence and increasing concentration of these compound bonds gradually transformed the films into amorphous structures and supported the continual increase of the film hardness, reaching a high value of 8.8 GPa at 36.3 at.% Ti.

Структура и механические свойства композита алюминий – наночастицы алюминия, полученного многократной прокаткой с сопряжением слоев

Структура и механические свойства композита алюминий – наночастицы алюминия, полученного многократной прокаткой с сопряжением слоев

Influence of rapid solidification and lithium additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum based alloys

A series of aluminum-lithium or lightweight alloys containing up to 5 wt. % lithium was rapidly solidified from melt by chillblockmelt-spun technique. The resultant ribbons were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and deferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The results showed that the structures of all melt-spunribbons were completely composed of two distinct phases’ aluminum rich phase and intermetallic compound (IMC) Al9.8-Li1.1phase. It is also found that melting point, solidus and liquidus temperatures of the lightweight alloys are lowered asthe Li content is increased. Additionally, elastic moduli, internal friction, thermal diffusivity and hardness measurements ofmelt-spun ribbons were examined by using dynamic resonance method and Vickers indenter for one applied load of 25grams of force for 5, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 99 seconds. Results interpreted in terms of the phase changes occurring in thealloy system. With the addition of Li, the Al rich phase is finer in grain size, and intermetallic compound is more uniformlydistributed. As a result, Young's modulus and micro-hardness of Lightweight are increased when Li is added into the Alalloy. The aim of the research planned in this work was to design the A1-Li family of alloys contribute to their increasinglybroad application in aeronautics, as an alternative for the aluminum alloys, which have been used so far.

Effect of Ti and Sn additions on mechanical properties of Aluminum- Silicon - copper alloy

Effect of Ti and Sn additions on mechanical properties of Aluminum- Silicon - copper alloy

Processing and characterization of graphene nano-platelet (GNP) reinforced aluminum matrix composites

AbstractAluminum matrix composites containing graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) as reinforcement additive were fabricated by a two-step process consisting of mechanical alloying and pressureless sintering. The effects of graphene nano-platelets amounts and mechanical alloying duration on the microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminum were investigated. The characterization studies were performed by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry, particle size analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Archimedes' density and microhardness test method. The microhardness of composites increased gradually by the addition of 0.5 and 1 wt.-% GNP, whereas an adverse effect was observed by the increment of the GNP amount to 2 wt.-%.

Investigation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum reinforced with MWCNT and Nano-SiC

Aluminum is most preferable structural material in the field of automotive and aerospace due to its properties such as strength, corrosion resistance and being light weight. So, to enhance mechanical properties of aluminum, attempts has been made to reinforce it with ceramic materials like Multi walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), Silicon carbide (SiC), separately. This paper focuses on fabrication of Aluminum (Al) with dual reinforcement MWCNT- nanoSiC by powder metallurgy method and study of mechanical properties of composite as well as its microstructure.

Interfacial Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium to Copper Sheet Joints by Electromagnetic Pulse Welding

This study investigated joining of Al to Cu sheets by electromagnetic pulse welding, which is a solid-state welding process that uses electromagnetic forces to join materials. The interfacial morphology and mechanical properties of the Al/Cu joints were analysed and related to the welding process parameters and weld properties. The centre section of the Al/Cu joints evolved from a non-welded to a welded zone. The welded zone started with a wavy interface, consisting of thick interfacial layers with defects and evolved to a relatively flat interface without an interfacial layer. The interfacial layer thickness is determined by both the discharge energy and the stand-off distance. A higher tensile force, up to 4.9 kN, was achieved at a higher energy and a lower stand-off distance of 2 mm. The tensile force is directly related to the weld width, since a higher tensile force is achieved for a higher weld width. In addition, the presence of interfacial layers can contribute to a small extent to a higher tensile force.

Vanadium carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared by conventional, microwave and spark plasma sintering

The effect of sintering method on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum −10 wt% VC composite was investigated. Aluminum-VC metal matrix composite was prepared successfully by conventional (at 600 °C), microwave (at 600 °C) and spark plasma sintering (at 450 °C). The obtained results indicate that the aluminum −10 wt% VC composite prepared by SPS had the highest relative density (99 ± 0.6 ± %TD), bending strength (295 ± 15 MPa) and microhardness (232 ± 16 Vickers). The XRD investigations showed the decomposition of VC phase and the formation of Al3V intermetallic phase in the microwave-sintered samples. The SEM micrographs and EDS analyses revealed uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in SPS method and the formation of Al3V phase in microwave-sintered sample.

Mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys with Al3Ni intermetallics

Abstract In this paper, the effect of nickel content on the mechanical properties of aluminum were investigated. High purity Al and Ni were melted in an induction furnace and cast into a metal mold. Microstructural characteristic and mechanical properties of the alloys were studied in detail. The addition of nickel to pure aluminum increased the tensile strength and decreased the elongation at break value of the specimens. Maximum wear resistance was obtained with the addition of 3 wt.-% Ni. Further addition of nickel caused a decrease in wear resistance.

Effect of the Welding Parameters on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium and Copper Sheet Joints by Electromagnetic Pulse Welding

Aluminium-copper hybrid parts, as a substitution to copper parts, result in weight and cost reduction, and are relevant in applications related to the electronic, heating and cooling sector. However, aluminium to copper joined by thermal welding processes presents challenges in terms of achieving good joint quality. This is attributed to their dissimilar mechanical and thermal properties which result in large stress gradients during heating. This study investigated joining of aluminium to copper sheets by electromagnetic pulse welding, which is a solid-state process that uses electromagnetic forces for joining of dissimilar materials. Hybrid sheet welds were obtained for all parameters conditions, selected according to a Taguchi L18 design. The structural and mechanical characteristics were examined and related to the welding parameters by means of a Pareto analysis and response graphs. The welded zone started with a wavy interface with interfacial layers and defects and evolved to a flat interface without interfacial layers. The maximum transferable force depended on the minimum specimen thickness and the strength of the hybrid sheet weld. In case of aluminium sheet thickness reduction, the maximum transferable force was linearly correlated with the aluminium sheet thickness. High quality joints were obtained for no aluminium sheet thickness reduction and for a sheet weld strength which was at least as high as that of the base material. The most effective way to increase the transferable force was to lower the initial gap and to increase the free length, which resulted in no aluminium sheet thickness reduction. Alternatively, the use of a rounded spacer decreased the effect of the aluminium sheet thickness on the transferable force. An increase in weld width was achieved for an increase in capacitor charging energy and gap, whereas an increase in weld length was obtained for a decrease in gap. An increase in weld width did not necessarily result in an increase in the transferable force. In the regarded cases, a hybrid sheet with narrow weld width could therefore have higher quality.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Silicon Dioxide and Fly Ash Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

The present study focus at evaluating the mechanical properties of Aluminium in the presence of silicon dioxide, fly ash and its combinations. The compositions were added up to the required level and stir casting method was used for the development of aluminium metal matrix composites. Structural characterizations were carried out on metal matrix composites by x-ray diffraction methods and optical microscopy was used for the micro structural studies. The mechanical properties of metal matrix composites like tensile strength and hardness tests were carried out. Wear test was also performed using pin on disc. In the presence of silicon dioxide and fly ash (0–10%) with aluminium matrix, it was fairly observed that the densities of the composites were decreased and the hardness was increased. Correspondingly, the decrease in tensile strength was observed with decrease in addition of reinforcement. The aluminium-SiO2-fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites extremely differed in all of the properties measured. The newly developed aluminium hybrid composites have significant improvements in tribological properties with a combination of silicon dioxide and fly ash.

The Influence of Sr Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Die-casting Alloys

The effects of strontium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys 380 and 413 are researched. All samples are prepared through high pressure die-casting, and the effect of the sample’s thickness is also compared. The results indicate that the Sr addition can refine the metallographic microstructure of two alloys in different degrees, mainly to eutectic Si phase. The mechanical properties of the two alloys are improved slightly through Sr modification to the thin wall castings. The enhancement of mechanical properties is evident to the thick wall castings.

Evaluation of the Possibility of Performing Cold Backward Extrusion of Axisymmetrical Thinwalled Aluminum Die Stampings with Square Section / Ocena Możliwości Wyciskania Przeciwbieżnego Na Zimno Osiowosymetrycznych Wyprasek Z Cienką Ścianką O Przekroju Kwadratowym Z Aluminium

The paper presents evaluation of the possibility of performing cold backward extrusion of axisymmetrical thin-walled aluminum (Al 99.50, ENAW-1050A) die stampings with a square section at the strain ε=ln(A0/A1)=2 (where A0 - cross sectional area of the billet, A1 - cross sectional area of the die stamping), and the ratio h1/b=3.6 (where h1 - height of the die stamping in mm, b - width of the base of the die stamping in mm). The analysis was conducted on the basis of the results of computer modelling (FEM) and experimental investigations on backward extrusion. The boundary conditions for numerical calculations were determined experimentally with respect to the flow curve and mechanical properties of aluminum. The results of investigations into backward extrusion of thin-walled square-sectioned aluminum die stampings might be used as guidelines to develop a technological process for industrial practice.

Mechanical properties of aluminum, zirconium, hafnium and tantalum oxides and their nanolaminates grown by atomic layer deposition

ABSTRACT The mechanical properties of two different metal oxide nanolaminates comprised of Ta 2 O 5 and Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 or ZrO 2 , grown on soda–lime glass substrate by atomic layer deposition, were investigated. Ta 2 O 5 and Al 2 O 3 layers were amorphous, whereas ZrO 2 and HfO 2 possessed crystalline structure. Thickness of single oxide layers was varied between 2.5 and 15 nm. The total thickness of the laminate structures was in the range of 160–170 nm. The hardness values of single layer oxides on glass ranged from 6.7 GPa (Ta 2 O 5 ) to 9.5 GPa (Al 2 O 3 ). Corresponding elastic moduli were 96 GPa and 101 GPa. The hardnesses of laminates were in the range of 6.8–7.8 GPa and elastic moduli were between 93 and 118 GPa. The results implied a correlation between mechanical properties and the relative content of constituent single oxides.

MODELISATION DE L'INFLUENCE DU TRAITEMENT THERMIQUE SUR LES PROPRIETES MECANIQUES DES ALLIAGES ALUMINIUM-CUIVRE (Al-Cu)

In order to master and improve the quality and properties of the final products, the major industrial challenge lies in the possibility of controlling the morphology, size of microstructures that reside within the molded pieces, as well as their defects; this is the fundamental reason according to which we are more and more interested in mastering the growth and germination of such alloys, as well as the developing structures, at the time of solidification process. The modeling reveals as a valuable aid in the mastery of the formation of such heterogeneousness: segregation cells that are incompatible with industrial requirements.  The whole work focuses upon the modeling of the segregation phenomenon of the four hypoeutectic alloys, Al1%Cu, Al2%Cu, Al3%Cu et Al4%Cu, as well as the copper effect upon certain mechanical properties of aluminum. Usually, the microstructure and mechanical behavior of such alloys as Al-Cu are directly influenced by some parameters such as composition, cooling velocity and homogenization process.

INFLUENCE OF MILLING TIME ON GROWTH MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM-SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES

Achieving improved mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) in the composite structures by mixing ceramics is ever-demanding for sundry applications. We synthesize aluminum-silicon-carbide composites via ball milling of aluminum which is reinforced with 5% of the silicon carbide (SiC) powders having particles size of 20 µm. Microstructures of powdered composite is characterized via XRD, EDX, and FESEM measurements. These mixtures are grinded at the speed of 200 rpm in a planetary ball mill for 0, 40, 80, and 120 minutes using zirconium balls as milling media. The ratio of the ball to powder is selected to be 10:1. At room temperature and pressure of 10 ton the mixed powders are die-pressed in a cylindrical stainless steel mold having internal diameter of 12.7 mm. The impact of milling time on the growth morphology (microstructures) and mechanical properties of the prepared Al–SiC (5 wt %) composite are scrutinized. The method mechanical alloying (MA) is comprised of milling, cold pressing, and sintering. The increase in milling time is demonstrated to enhance the hardness of the composites. Furthermore, the highest hardness and superior strength is achieved for 80 minutes of milling. Both the hardness and strength of such composites are decreased beyond this milling time. The excellent features of the results suggest that Al–SiC (5 wt%) composite with the present composition may be potential to fortify the structural network in terms of strength and stiffness.

Effect of Addition of Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium

Effect of Addition of Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium

MODELING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THERMIC TREATMENT UPON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM-TIN ALLOYS

In order to master and improve the quality and properties of the final products, the major industrial challenge lies in the possibility of controlling the morphology, size of microstructures that reside within the molded pieces, as well as their defects; this is the fundamental reason according to which we are more and more interested in mastering the growth and germination of such alloys, as well as the developing structures, at the time of solidification process. The modeling reveals as a valuable aid in the mastery of the formation of such heterogeneousness: segregation cells that are incompatible with industrial requirements. The whole work focuses upon the modeling of the segregation phenomenon of the four hypoeutectic alloys, Al1%Sn, Al2%Sn, Al3%Sn and Al4%Sn, as well as the tin effect upon certain mechanical properties of aluminum. Usually, the microstructure and mechanical  behavior of such alloys as Al-Sn are directly influenced by some parameters such as composition, cooling velocity and homogenization process.

Structure, phase content and mechanical properties of aluminium with hard particles after shock-wave compaction

The possibilities to combine metal and metal oxide powders in various compositions open a broad range of mechanical and thermal behavior. When using in nanostructured components the resulting materials might exhibit even more interesting properties, like product effectiveness, tensile strength, wear resistance, endurance and corrosion resistance. Intermetallics like TiAl could be obtained as TiAlx in a quality similar to that obtained from melting where only eutectic mixture can be produced. Similar effects are possible when compacting nanoceramic powders whereas these can be combined with intermetallics. Currently, it is very difficult to produce wires and special shaped parts from high temperature superconducting materials. The compacting by explosives could solve this problem.The present paper uses explosion compacting of Al nanoparticles to create nanocomposite with increased physico-mechanical properties. Russian civil explosive Uglenit was chosen as high energy material (HEM) for shock-wave compaction. The different schemes and conditions were suggested to run the explosion process. Al nanoparticles as produced by electric wire explosion contain 8-10% of aluminum oxide. That aluminum oxide can serve as strengthening material in the final nanocomposite which may be generated in various compositions by explosive compacting. Further modifications of nanocomposites were obtained when including nanodiamonds into the mixture with aluminum nanoparticles with different percentages. The addition of nanodiamonds results in a substantial strengthening effect.The experiments with compacting aluminum nanoparticles by explosives are described in detail including the process variations and conditions. The physico-mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are determined and discussed by considering the applied conditions. Especially, microstructure and phases of the obtained nanocomposites are analyzed by X-ray diffraction.

Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Stir Cast Aluminium Based Composite Reinforced with Mechanically Ball Milled TiB<sub>2 </sub>Nano Particles

Metal matrix composites possess some glamorous properties like light weight, low density ,high strength-to-density ratio, formable to complex shape, lower manufacturing cost and are used more in commercial, industrial, marine, naval based industrial and are extensively used in automobiles and aerospace like empennage, wings, fuselage in fighter aircraft, bomber, transport, general aviation, rotary aircraft etc. Many researches are done on micro structural metals matrix composites and they result shows that composite of micro structural having good mechanical properties. Instead of using micro structural nanoparticles are used for better mechanical properties and better applications in aeronautical field. The present study is an attempt to prepare and analysis of mechanical properties of Aluminium 6061 reinforcement with TiB2 nanoparticles using liquid metallurgy. By the use of ball milling process the TiB2 micro particles are converted in to nanoparticles and reinforced with Aluminium 6061 in stir casting process. The addition level of reinforcement is being varied from 0-15wt% in step of 4 wt%.Test carried out on the fabricated composite included scanning electron microscopy, XRD, EDAX analysis, and Thermal analysis.