Mechanical Engineering Enterprises Research Articles

Economic Benefits of Improving Worker Protection at Mechanical Engineering Enterprises

Economic Benefits of Improving Worker Protection at Mechanical Engineering Enterprises

Assessing the Profitability of a Mechanical Engineering Enterprise

Assessing the Profitability of a Mechanical Engineering Enterprise

Patent Landscape Study Results in Relation to Analyzing and Optimizing Methods and Devices for Technological Processes

Difficult economic situation that has developed for most Russian companies in the market today requires new ways of ensuring their competitiveness, including import substitution of high-tech products previously being produced by foreign corporations in such industries as: machine-tool engineering, heavy engineering, textile production, electronic industry and medical production. Today, there are many different tools that help improve the company efficiency, including engineering enterprises, one of them is the audit of their production processes. Audit being a tool to implement the concept of business management process rationalization, also known as «lean production», allows you to monitor and adjust changes in technological processes, clarify planned production programs and make justified and balanced management decisions; in domestic research, the concept of rationalizing business process management is also commonly called scientific labor organization (SLO). The real interest of enterprises to the development of existing and design of new audit methods, as well as the need to create technical means for implementing these methods in practice, can be assessed by both on the basis of information search for scientific and technical documents devoted to effectiveness evaluation of production systems, published in peer-reviewed journals or in the form of monographs, and based on an analysis of the patent activity of technical solutions applicable for the implementation of lean manufacturing tools in production conditions. In this article, the authors examine the results of information and analytical studies of patent activity in the field of methods and devices for analyzing and optimizing technological processes for manufacturing high-tech products at mechanical engineering enterprises.

EFFICIENCY OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING INDUSTRY: PRINCIPLES OF INTRODUCTION OF LEAN AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to consider the basic principles of implementing lean and digital technologies in improving the effi ciency of large machine-building enterprises in the context of global changes.Research methods – in the study, the justifi cation of the recommendations was carried out using methods of system analysis, as well as general methods of scientifi c cognition.The originality / value of the research lies in the fact that without a comparative approach and defi nition of the basic principles of lean and digital technologies, the economic activities of large enterprises will not ensure their competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the use of lean and digital technologies in ensuring the organization and effi ciency of the production process.The article provides a comparative analysis of the eff ectiveness of the economy of mass, lean and automated production, the shortcomings and problems of the development of business processes in the activities of industrial enterprises are noted, taking into account today's reality.Findings. The authors propose the main directions of the development of lean and digital technologies in the context of state programs and strategies for the development of mechanical engineering enterprises. In particular, the eff ectiveness of the introduction of lean and digital technologies depends on the development of the production infrastructure of the main production through subsidizing the activities of enterprises. The main conditions for the introduction of the principles of lean economy for enterprises of the machine-building industry, taking into account the micro- and macro-environment, are noted.The analysis and evaluation of the following indicators was carried out: the index of thrift, the share of employees who have been trained in the introduction of lean technologies, the share of implemented labor rationalization initiatives, the dynamics of reducing paper document fl ow and the share of automation of the production cycle in order to determine the effi ciency of production.Systematizing and analyzing the results of the study, I would like to adhere to the vectors of sustainable development of machine-building industry enterprises in terms of adaptation to the realities of the digital economy.Conclusions on the development of business processes based on the use of lean and digital technologies in the activities of large enterprises are formed.

Economic effect from digital integration: The case of a mechanical engineering enterprise

Production digitalisation is a significant factor in the development of mechanical engineering that triggers countries and regions’ economic growth. Implementing digital integration at industrial enterprises implies that production operations are linked through a corporate information system. The paper aims to develop and test a method for assessing the economic effect from digital integration at mechanical engineering enterprises. Methodologically, the study rests on the theories of production organisation and integration as well as the main postulates of the concept of industrial digitalisation. The study applies methods of econometric modelling. The evidence base is the information about the activities of one of the Ural macroregion’s largest mechanical engineering enterprise – Production Association “Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant named after E. S. Yalamov” (UOMZ). The paper systemitises ideas about the essence of the economic effect from digital integration. The case of the enterprise is used to identify the level of specific costs in this process and to forecast their changes depending on different factors using econometric modelling. The value of the findings consists in broadening the scientific and practical understanding of the economic effects brought about by industrial digitalisation.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИНАМИКИ И СТРУКТУРЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН

Introduction. In their labor activities, employees are exposed to some hazardous and harmful factors of the working environment, of which the key ones are physical factors, such as noise or local/general vibration; physical and functional overloads of the musculoskeletal system; aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action; and dust. The core indicator characterizing the occupational risk of a health problems is occupational morbidity. Aim. Studying the time profile and structure of occupational morbidity in employees of the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. Occupational morbidity over the years 2007-2021 was analyzed. Over the period under research, occupational illnesses were diagnosed in 2,546 employees of 130 occupational categories. Results and discussion. The highest rates of occupational morbidity were recorded among employees of agricultural and mechanical engineering enterprises and companies. About 60% of occupational diseases were diagnosed in those pursuing 7 professions. What stands out is the similarity of occupational pathologies in assembly workers and riveters, fettlers, and farm-machine operators, who were diagnosed with vibration syndrome and occupational deafness. Occupational diseases of respiratory and musculoskeletal systems were additionally diagnosed in fettlers. In milkmaids, the occupational diseases of musculoskeletal system take the leading place. Polymorbidity of occupational pathology is most pronounced in machine milking operators followed by tractor drivers and fettlers. Conclusion. It is necessary to ensure early occupational pathology diagnoses in routine health screenings and timely referrals to the occupational pathology center in order to perform causal relationship assessments between disease and occupation.

ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF REGRESSION MODELS

The characteristic features of engineering products are revealed. Average industry performance indicators of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine were formed. The competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises was studied. The integral indicator of the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine was evaluated. It has been established that the competitiveness industry, despite certain profits received by enterprises, is in a systemic, predictable crisis and only individual enterprises that maintain their own line of economic behavior are successful, increase competitiveness and have prospects for further economic growth.

FEATURES OF THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES IN THE ENGINEERING SECTOR UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION

The purpose. The article examines the specifics of challenges and opportunities for the formation of intellectual capital of domestic enterprises of the machine-building sector of Ukraine in the conditions of digitalization. Industries are of key importance for the economy of Ukraine, indicators of its functioning are the main factor of the country's social and economic development. In particular, mechanical engineering is one of the basic branches of the Ukrainian economy and a strategically important branch that affects the development of the technological potential and competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy as a whole. The level of development of mechanical engineering is one of the main factors that allows to ensure the sustainable development of the Ukrainian economy, the development of the country as a whole depends on its level and dynamics of development. Therefore, the study of the current state of the machine-building industry, the efficiency of the machine-building enterprises, the identification of current problems will allow to determine the tools for the recovery and further sustainable development of the machine-building enterprises, as one of the key branches of the national economy. In the modern concept of economic development, it is intellectual capital that becomes a decisive factor in the growth of national wealth, competitiveness of the country, region, business entity, and quality of life. Despite the existing degree of study, today the issues of specific challenges and opportunities for the formation of intellectual capital are in dire need of continuing a deeper study and scientific justification, because this category is extremely dynamic. The analysis of digital transformations in the context of the formation of intellectual capital, trends of changes in the work of personnel management in the conditions of the digital economy is also given, an overview of the need for human resources in the conditions of the development of the digital economy is given. The rapid development of digital technologies and IT spheres lead to the automation of production processes, which determines the tendency for the disappearance of some professions. In the near future, many professions that are necessary now will lose their demand, the number of jobs will decrease, which threatens to increase unemployment if modern professionals do not have the skills necessary for work in the realities of the digital economy. This will significantly change the management of aggregate intellectual capital in the future, which determines the relevance of this article. The work analyzes publications and research on the formation and development of the main components of intellectual capital in the conditions of digitalization. On the basis of the research, conclusions are formulated about the need to apply mechanisms for effective management of the intellectual capital of machine-building enterprises in the future. Today, Ukraine is on the way to becoming an information society and the corresponding type of economic relations. Informatization of industry, the service sector, the entrepreneurial sector, science and education, and state institutions is a priority goal of the development of the economy of Ukraine. Information and knowledge are not only an effective catalyst for the transition to the sixth technological order, the basis of which is scientific research and development, but also its strategic resource. Informatization of scientific and research activity in the field of mechanical engineering is an important factor in the formation of modern information infrastructure of scientific and research organizations and the creation of a single information space, which is relevant in the conditions of the development of the information society, the network economy and the transition to the knowledge economy. The state of modern mechanical engineering was analyzed, the main trends and problems of the industrial complex in modern economic conditions were identified, and recommendations were made to solve them in order to ensure the sustainable development of mechanical engineering enterprises and increase the level of the economic potential of industry in general. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, economists and experts on the study of the intellectual capital of an industrial enterprise. In the process of researching the intellectual capital of the machine-building industry, conclusions and proposals were made under the prism of the specifics of the formation of its constituent elements in the era of the formation and development of the digital economy. The leading vector of the further development of the intellectual capital of enterprises in the conditions of the digital economy should be the issues of classification, measurement and transformation of knowledge capital, as well as the development of tools for transferring its elements into materialized and innovative assets of the enterprise.

Разработка типовых архитектур цифровых двойников производственно-логистических систем машиностроительных предприятий на разных стадиях их жизненного цикла

Information technology improvement is changing approaches to managing the product and complex systems life cycle, as well as the methods used in studying the complex processes. Recently, digital twins of objects, processes and systems are being increasingly developed, which involves creation of their virtual copies that could be used to investigate and predict behavior of the object in question. Generalized architecture of digital twins of objects, which include products, processes and systems, is provided. Issues of building digital twins for a mechanical engineering enterprise are outlined. It is shown that it becomes possible to design and develop a multicity of digital twins for various objects of the same mechanical engineering enterprise, each of them would solve its specific problems. The paper considers digital twins of the mechanical engineering enterprise production and logistics system, its typical architecture and digital twin alteration at various stages of its life cycle. It is shown that building digital twins of the production and logistics system at various stages of its life cycle provides support in making organizational and technological decisions in order to increase efficiency of the production and logistics system. Main classes of the information systems used to build digital twins of the production and logistics system at the design and operation stages are described.

Problematic Issues of Localization-Based Development of Mechanical Engineering in Ukraine

Introduction. Mechanical engineering in synthesis with IT forms the economy sector with the highest potential for creating innovations, which in the postwar recovery should become major drivers of the socio-economic development of Ukraine and ensure itsadequate competitive ability in the world market.Problem Statement. The critical state of mechanical engineering in Ukraine requires the use of effective tools to stimulate the development of production, in particular on the basis of localization. The recovery plan of Ukraine foresees the localization of at least 60%.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to substantiate proposals for stimulating the localization-based development of Ukraine’s mechanical engineering in the context of strengthening the national economic security.Material and Methods. Economic analysis; the method for the calculation of localization, the authors’ method for determining the production localization level. The cost-output datasheets for Ukraine and the OECD have been used as information base of the study.Results. The consequences of the negative effect of economic globalization on the domestic mechanical engineering enterprises in the absence of the state protectionism have been analytically established. A new methodological approach to determining the production localization level has been developed and tested. It is based on calculating the share of the domestic component in each basic segment of the sectoral cost structure. The authors’ proposals on the non-tariff stimulation of the development of Ukraine’s mechanical engineering corporations on the basis of localization, in order to defend the interests of domestic manufacturers in terms of the elimination of the consequences of the Russian aggression and the postwar recovery of Ukraine’s economy, structural transformations and increased competition in world markets have been substantiated.Conclusions. The authors’ approach to calculating the production localization level allows determining the key elements (in terms of types of economic activity) of the production cost and the weight of the domestic component in them while forming the strategic nomenclature of mechanical engineering in Ukraine.

Про лазерний технологічний комплекс на машинобудівному підприємстві

The geography of manufacturers of laser devices available for the Ukrainian market is analyzed. The field of application of laser systems at mechanical engineering enterprises is quite wide: heat treatment, welding, cutting, marking, piercing, surfacing and surface alloying. One of the most promising, accurate and productive laser systems at a mechanical engineering enterprise is a laser technological complex. The modern configurations of laser technological complexes, which are used at mechanical engineering enterprises, are considered. A review of sources for generating a beam using a diode laser, as the pumping method most widespread in mechanical engineering, is carried out.The advantages of using laser technological complexes at a mechanical engineering enterprise are considered. The features of the operation of this equipment and potential disadvantages are indicated. We are talking about cutting modes, which simultaneously depend on five or more settings; the quality of oxygen, air or shielding gas used during cutting; ambient temperature during equipment operation; safety features during work. Ways to eliminate potential drawbacks are proposed.Despite the presence of peculiarities of operation of laser technological complexes, they ensure high quality and productivity of production of sheet metal parts in mass production compared to stamping equipment. The laser technological complex provides processing of sheet metals of different thicknesses, different external overall dimensions, within the working table, and different brands of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, which allows it to be used effectively in single production. Also, to the positive qualities of laser installations, you can add insignificant costs for reconfiguring the equipment for the production of new products and the low cost of consumables.

The Impact of Sustainable Development and Reliability on the Performance of Russian Enterprises in the Context of an Economic Fragmentation

Modern waves of crises associated with the pandemic and geopolitical tensions threaten the achievement of sustainable development goals and stimulate a rethinking of the essence and role of operational reliability in achieving the balanced development of organizations. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of sustainable development practices and ensuring the reliability of enterprise functioning on the performance of Russian industrial enterprises in the context of the observed fragmentation of the world economy associated with deglobalization trends, increased sanctions pressure and disruptions in supply chains in developed and developing countries. The methodological basis of the study was the concepts of green economy and the development of production systems associated with frugality and reliability. Factor analysis and linear regression were chosen as research methods to assess individual variables of greening production, lean production and operational reliability as aspects of sustainable development of Russian industrial enterprises. The empirical basis was based on data from a survey of 225 employees of metallurgical and mechanical engineering enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region, conducted at the beginning of 2023. The structured questionnaire developed by the authors made it possible to identify various aspects of sustainable development and reliability. Based on the results of factor analysis, a number of heterogeneous theoretical constructs in the field of frugality, green economy, enterprise reliability and their operational performance were identified and confirmed. Regression analysis showed that, on the one hand, the practices of frugality and reliability have a positive effect on the operational performance of industrial enterprises in the region, which confirms the need to reduce implicit costs while ensuring a sufficient level of reliability; on the other hand, adhering to the principles of the green economy has a negative impact on the operational performance of industrial enterprises in the short term. The inconsistency of the results obtained regarding the environmental aspect of sustainable development does not mean a refusal to achieve the goals of a green economy, but indicates the need to revise investment policies and development strategies in the context of economic fragmentation, taking into account the characteristics of the development of industrial enterprises.

Express risk assessment at engineering enterprises using neural networks

Occupational safety risk management at mechanical engineering enterprises is a dynamic process of making and implementing decisions that minimize or reduce the risks of death, injury or illness of people in the performance of their duties.

Аналіз ресурсних та інвестиційно-інноваційних факторів розвитку галузевих структур

The article is aimed at solving the actual problem of studying the factors of internal and external environment of functioning of sectoral structures. The authors analyzed an aggregate of various indicators for assessing the factors of development of sectoral structures using methods of multivariate statistical analysis. The completeness of the theoretical description of objects and objectivity of conclusions during the study of the problem of factor analysis of functioning of the mechanism of management of sectoral structures has been achieved. The problem of analysis of resource and investment-innovation factors of development of sectoral structures using factor analysis is examined. It is proposed to quantify the efficiency of functioning of the mechanism of enterprise management to use indicators of assessment of resource and investment-innovation potentials, which should be considered as indicators of outputs of the production system, transformed and obtained as a result of the influence of the management mechanism. The analysis was carried out in two directions: resource and investment-innovation. A large number of indicators characterizing the state of the internal and external environment of enterprises were processed, and using the methods of factor analysis, they were replaced with a certain set of uncorrelated parameters, which allowed to reduce the dimension of the studied totality of data. The state of resource and investment-innovation potentials of enterprises was considered as a result of the influence of the management mechanism, taking into account industry affiliation, that is, separately for enterprises of mechanical engineering, light or food industries. As result of the analysis, the following general factors were formed for light industry enterprises: economic direction of capital use; efficiency of use of the labor and material resources; efficiency of use of the equity and borrowed capital; efficiency of use of the borrowed funds. For food industry enterprises, the following factors are formed: the economic direction of capital use; efficiency of the financial and production activities; the ability of the management mechanism to provide a stable amount of profit; efficiency of use of fixed assets. Within the terms of investment and innovation direction for mechanical engineering and light industry enterprises, the most important factor is that which can be interpreted as the efficiency of research activities, the less important factor – the direction of using own investments for innovation; of the smallest importance is the direction of using investment resources for the production of innovative products.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ИНСТРУМЕНТА ВИЗУАЛЬНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА SQDCM НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИИ В ЦЕЛЯХ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The development of production to increase the efficiency of companies is currently one of the most pressing issues. The search for tools to implement this problem certainly occupies many researchers, both in scientific and practical activities. Nowadays there is no single correct solution or general tool that allows to monitor activities of industrial enterprises and their individual divisions, as well as developing management decisions. The article presents the features of the implementation of the visual management tool SQDCM approach at one of the industrial mechanical engineering enterprises identified during the study, as well as a number of proposed recommendations for a set of indicators included in the elements of the approach.

Algorithm for the analysis of the electrical parameters of the electric motor in energy-intensive technological processes

Implementation of technological processes of shaping is one of the main components of energy intensity of mechanical engineering enterprises. One of the methods for reducing energy intensity in implementation of technological processes of mechanical engineering is the method of compensating the reactive component of the power consumed during their operation. It is advisable to implement this method by means of automation, which allows not only considering the actual parameters of the technological process and equipment, but also increasing the efficiency of compensation and, as a result, reduce the energy intensity of technological processes and increase the competitiveness of products. The relationship between the parameters of technological process, the rated power of electrical equipment and the energy consumed in the implementation of these processes are determined in the article. Their peculiarity is that the main reason for the increase in the energy intensity of technological processes of mechanical engineering is the difference between the real cutting power and the rated power of the equipment. The article proposes a method for controlling the energy intensity of technological processes of mechanical engineering by means of automatic compensation of reactive component of the current consumed during the implementation of these technological processes.

Corporate social responsibility - framework for strengthening strategic development large engineering enterprises

Purpose of the research. The aim of the study is to study current trends in the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR), to determine its signifi cance and role in the formation and improvement of the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the context of constantly increasing global competition. Methodology. To study the problem of social responsibility of industrial enterprises, work was carried out on a review of scientifi c and journalistic literature, analysis of statistical data, which led to the use of such classical research methods as the method of collecting information, empirical and statistical methods. Originality / value of the research. The application of sustainable measures to develop social responsibility in the practice of managing engineering enterprises is essential to ensure competitive advantages in a strategic perspective. In this regard, the analysis and adaptation of new approaches to CSR management, taking into account modern factors for strengthening the competitive advantages of enterprises and analyzing the interaction of production potential and CSR mechanisms, is a necessary condition for ensuring the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises, which determines the value of this study. Findings. The article discusses the problems of CSR as a component of the management system for the strategic development of industrial enterprises, shows the role of CSR in the formation of the competitive advantages of large enterprises in a modern market economy. The main problems of the development of the social sphere in the context of increasing competition and increasing social responsibility of domestic industrial enterprises have been identifi ed. It is shown that the development of CSR is one of the most important conditions for the successful development of a model of a socially-oriented market in Kazakhstan, and fully complies with the program for the implementation of anti-crisis measures taken as part of the fi ght against the SARS-COVID-2019 pandemic. As a result of the study, the main directions of CSR development and its infl uence on the formation of the competitive advantages of industrial enterprises were determined.

Organizational and economic mechanism for industrial communications managment (on the example of the machine-building industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

The article deals with the problems of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing communications of industrial engineering enterprises formation and use. The practical part is considered on the example of the machine-building industry in Kazakhstan. The aim of the work is to study the main features of enterprise communications and their management, the basic principles of building an organizational and economic mechanism for managing communications and their application in specific conditions of mechanical engineering in Kazakhstan. The paper identifies the main problems of organizing communications management of industrial enterprises of the machine-building industry in Kazakhstan, substantiates the need to build an organizational and economic mechanism for managing communications in order to optimize the communications management system of enterprises. The main components of this mechanism and their interaction are highlighted. The model of functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of communications management is presented. The features of the work of the machine-building industry in Kazakhstan at the present time are considered and the need to create and improve the organizational and economic mechanism for managing communications at domestic machine-building enterprises is shown. In conclusion of the work, the main features are given that should certainly be taken into account in the process of building and improving the organizational and economic mechanism for managing communications of machine-building enterprises in Kazakhstan. The article is of interest to all researchers of communication management problems at industrial enterprises with a complex structure of management and production. Key words: Communications, information flows, communications management, information and communication technologies, information support, mechanical engineering enterprises, organizational and economic mechanism.

Implementation of tracking system correction methods in the Simulink package from MATLAB CAD

CNC equipment is flexible, versatile, and has high performance. The use of such equipment significantly changes the nature of production and makes it mobile, meeting the requirements for continuous improvement and updating of mechanical engineering products. However, CNC machines are quite complex, and their acquisition is associated with large financial costs, therefore, the problem of efficient use of CNC machines is a priority for most mechanical engineering enterprises and is inextricably linked with the need to write various programs. Variants of the implementation of sequential, parallel correction and feedback correction methods in the Simulink package from MATLAB CAD are proposed. When performing the work, customizable library blocks are used, which are available for students to access on the official website of the software manufacturer. Schemes for each correction method with a description of the included blocks are presented. The output of the results and the comparison of the obtained data is carried out using a software oscilloscope built into the package, which allows clearly understanding the difference between the schemes. A comparison is made on the example of various types of signals for the most objective assessment of the quality of signal correction by one method or another. The practical significance of the work is familiarization with the MATLAB CAD Simulink package and consideration of possible ways to implement these correction schemes, as well as availability of the same schemes for self-construction in this CAD. This work can be used not only for teaching students of higher educational institutions in the field of development, debugging and coding of electronic and radio-electronic devices in terms of describing the algorithm of their work, but also for organizing laboratory work on courses of disciplines related to this topic, as well as when creating and designing real devices in production. Familiarization and study of this programming language are conducted within the walls of one of the leading engineering universities of the Russian Federation, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

SMOKING, PRODUCTION FACTORS AND PULMONARY INJURIES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKERS

The aim of the study is to determine what is the incidence of respiratory diseases among workers in mechanical engineering enterprises and which are leading risk factors. The subject of the study are 80 persons working in mechanical engineering enterprises. The studies were carried out at the University Hospital - Pleven during the period 2017-2020. Specific clinical and instrumental methods of diagnosis have been used. The largest number are people with professional experience over 15 years, 72% of them are smokers. The most frequent cases are Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic bronchitis. The risk of developing lung disease in smokers (OR) is 22,71 times higher than their non-smoker counterparts in the same work environment. When using modern protective equipment, the main risk factors for respiratory diseases among mechanical engineering workers are related to lifestyle and smoking as a leading factor.