Mechanical Characterization Research Articles

TNIK inhibition sensitizes TNIK-overexpressing lung squamous cell carcinoma to radiotherapy.

Most patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and adjuvant immunotherapy for locally advanced disease. The efficacy of these treatments is still limited due to dose-limiting toxicity or locoregional recurrence. New combination approaches and targets such as actionable oncogenic drivers are needed to advance treatment options for LSCC patients. Moreover, other options for chemotherapy-ineligible patients are also limited. As such there is a critical need for the development of selective and potent chemoradiosensitizers for locally advanced LSCC. Here, we investigated inhibiting TRAF2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK), which is amplified in 40% of LSCC patients, as a strategy to sensitize LSCC tumors to chemo- and radiotherapy. Employing a range of human LSCC cell lines and the TNIK inhibitor NCB-0846, we investigated the potential of TNIK as a chemo- and radiosensitizing target with in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. The combination of NCB-0846 with cisplatin or etoposide was at best additive. Interestingly, pre-treating LSCC cells with NCB-0846 prior to ionizing radiation (IR) potentiated the cytotoxicity of IR in a TNIK-specific fashion. Characterization of the radiosensitization mechanism suggested that TNIK inhibition may impair the DNA damage response and promote mitotic catastrophe in irradiated cells. In a subcutaneous xenograft in vivo model, pretreatment with NCB-0846 significantly enhanced the efficacy of IR and caused elevated necrosis in TNIKhigh LK2 tumors but not TNIKlow KNS62 tumors. Overall, these results indicate that TNIK inhibition may be a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy in LSCC patients with high TNIK expression.

Tribological and mechanical characterization of carbon-nanostructures based PEEK nanocomposites under extreme conditions for advanced bearings: A molecular dynamics study

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) carbon nanomaterial-based nanocomposites, incorporating zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) carbon structures have gained prominence as advanced materials with the potential to enhance tribological properties paving the way for a new era in the development of advanced bearings for high-performance machinery applications. This study delves into the forefront of friction and wear analysis, employing all atom molecular dynamics (aa-MD) simulations to engineer PEEK polymer nanocomposites with precision under elevated temperature and higher velocity. The research presents optimization of mechanical strength and tribological properties crucial to meet the demanding requirements of industrial machinery. The addition of C60 fullerenes reduced COF by 16.59% and wear rates by 6.52% due to its spherical shape and lubrication effects. Introduction of carbon-nanotubes further decreased COF by 54.54% and wear rates by 32.5%, offering resistance to abrasive and adhesive wear. S-graphene showed notable performance, reducing COF by 69.40% and wear rates by 75.03%, making it promising for sliding and wear applications. Carbon-nanocones reduced COF by 60.6% and wear rates by 72.06%, slightly higher than S-Gr due to abrasive effects and increased surface contact. These findings underscore the potential of reinforcement dimensionality in enhancing the tribological properties of PEEK based nanocomposites.

Characterization of plastic formability and failure mechanisms in FDM additively manufactured PETG and PCL sheets

This research work presents an experimental investigation on the formability and failure of additively manufactured polymer sheets. To this regard, Nakajima formability tests following different principal strain paths have been conducted on 2 selected FDM-printed polymer sheet materials, polyethylene terephthalate glycol and polycraprolactone, this being carried out for the first time ever, as far as the plastic behavior and formability study of this kind of 3D printed materials has been limited so far uniquely to conventional tension or compression tests. The analysis includes the evaluation of the different types of failure under plastic deformation for each material considered, allowing the assessment of the overall formability limits within the materials forming limit diagrams combined with the failure evaluation performed via optical microscopy. Thus, the results provided the overall characterization in terms of sheet formability and the comprehensive assessment of the different failure modes and the forming conditions upon which each type of failure is attained for each of the two printed materials. Furthermore, these results allow the authors to create an essential evaluation framework for the ongoing research on process hybridization including the combination of 3D printing technologies with innovative forming processes such as incremental sheet forming.

In-Plane Mechanical Characterization of a Kevlar® Composite

Polymer-based composites are widely used in the automotive, security, aeronautical and space industries, to mention a few. This is because of their good mechanical properties, which are similar to those of metals but with the attraction of being lightweight. Kevlar® is extensively used as a reinforcement in the security industry owing to its good ballistic properties. This investigation presents a mechanical characterization based on in-plane quasi-static tensile testing of Kevlar® 29/phenolic resin with a polyvinyl butyral composite using a universal testing system. The methodology developed for the preparation of the coupons is based on pressure, temperature and time. As a result of this work, elastic moduli (EL and ET), Poisson’s ratio (νLT), shear modulus (GLT) and strengths (XT, YT, S) were obtained. It is worth mentioning that there is scarce or no characterization of this material in the literature, and those studies that do characterize it do not present the coupons’ thermoforming conditions or the reasons for the coupons’ dimensions (width, length and thickness).

Mechanistic insights into chemical corrosion of AA1050 in ethanol‐blended fuels with water contamination via phase field modeling

AbstractAluminum alloys are widely used in automotive construction, and since the introduction of biogenic ethanol into fuels, the issue of nonaqueous alcoholate corrosion has become an important topic. In this paper, the kinetics of AA1050 temperature‐induced alcoholate pitting corrosion are examined experimentally with a specially constructed microreactor. The generated data are utilized to create a phase field model for the pit growth phase. The effects of ethanol‐blend composition and water content are quantitatively assessed and simulated. Phase field simulations allow for the first time the mechanistic characterization of the chemical corrosion process with a water content of up to 0.3% and an estimation of relevant reaction parameters at temperatures of up to 150°C. The approach can further be utilized to develop strategies for minimizing corrosion risk in‐service.

Characterization of Anisotropic Salt Weathering through Nondestructive Techniques Mapping Using a GIS Environment.

Doctrinal texts on architectural heritage conservation emphasize the importance of fully understanding the structural and material characteristics and utilizing information systems. Photogrammetry allows for the generation of detailed, geo-referenced Digital Elevation Models of architectural elements at a low cost, while GIS software enables the addition of layers of material characteristic data to these models, creating different property maps that can be combined through map algebra. This paper presents the results of the mechanical characterization of materials and salt-related decay forms of the polygonal apse of the 13th-century monastery of Santa María de Bonaval (Guadalajara, Spain), which is primarily affected by salt crystallization. Rock strength is estimated using on-site nondestructive testing (ultrasound pulse velocity and Leeb hardness). They are mapped and combined through map algebra to derive a single mechanical soundness index (MSI) to determine whether the decay of the walls could be dependent on the orientation. The presented results show that salt decay in the building is anisotropic, with the south-facing side of the apse displaying an overall lower MSI than the others. The relative overheating of the south-facing side of the apse enhances the effect of salt crystallization, thereby promoting phase transitions between epsomite and hexahydrite.

Additive manufacturing for sustainability, circularity and zero-waste: 3DP products from waste plastic bottles

Polymers and their composites are now widely used in several industrial sectors, owing to their flexibility in developing customized products. The significant surge in plastic usage has led to a severe challenge in managing end-of-life plastic waste. Millions of tons of plastic waste produced annually mainly end up in landfills, leaking into the environment and posing severe threats to ecosystems. Innovative solutions to reuse/recycle/repurpose plastic waste are desired to address these global challenges. Therefore, in this study, a sustainable route to converting plastic waste into additive manufacturing (AM) feedstock is presented, where waste plastic bottles (mainly Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET) are recycled using an in-house 3D-printed filament extrusion system to produce filaments for fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. In addition to the recycled PET (rPET), virgin carbon fiber reinforced polyamide-6 (PA6-CF) polymer composites were also used to produce hybrid feedstock filaments. The rPET and rPET/PA6-CF composite filaments were extruded using an in-house filament extruder setup. The produced rPET-based filaments were characterized for their chemical and thermal properties. Subsequently, mechanical characterization was performed on 3D-printed specimens. The mechanical analysis revealed better tensile strength for rPET/PA6-CF than rPET; however, the rPET demonstrated better failure strain and young modulus, demonstrating their potential as viable materials for industrial and consumer applications. The outcomes of this study revealed promising results to promote sustainable production and consumption, complementing the circular economy practices with a straightforward production route to convert plastic waste into AM feedstock.

Enhancing the Tensile Properties and Ductile-Brittle Transition Behavior of the EN S355 Grade Rolled Steel via Cost-Saving Processing Routes.

Structural rolled steels are the primary products of modern ferrous metallurgy. Consequently, enhancing the mechanical properties of rolled steel using energy-saving processing routes without furnace heating for additional heat treatment is advisable. This study compared the effect on the mechanical properties of structural steel for different processing routes, like conventional hot rolling, normalizing rolling, thermo-mechanically controlled processing (TMCP), and TMCP with accelerating cooling (AC) to 550 °C or 460 °C. The material studied was a 20 mm-thick sheet of S355N grade (EN 10025) made of low-carbon (V+Nb+Al)-micro-alloyed steel. The research methodology included standard mechanical testing and microstructure characterization using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electronic microscopies, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that using different processing routes could increase the mechanical properties of the steel sheets from S355N to S550QL1 grade without additional heat treatment costs. TMCP followed by AC to 550 °C ensured the best combination of strength and cold-temperature resistance due to formation of a quasi-polygonal/acicular ferrite structure with minor fractions of dispersed pearlite and martensite/austenite islands. The contribution of different structural factors to the yield tensile strength and ductile-brittle transition temperature of steel was analyzed using theoretical calculations. The calculated results complied well with the experimental data. The effectiveness of the cost-saving processing routes which may bring definite economic benefits is concluded.

The Effect of Different Ambient Temperatures on the Adhesion Performance of Black Pine (Pinus nigra) Wood

In this study, the adhesion performance of wood glues was evaluated depending on temperature. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and poly urethane (PU) glue were used to adhere to the Back pine (Pinus nigra) wood samples. The adhesion performance of the samples was determined under three different temperature effects: below room temperature (4 ° C), at room temperature (22 ° C), and above room temperature (55 ° C). After sticking, the samples were clamped with a hand vise and left to cure at three different temperatures. Lap sheer strength (LSS), modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) analyses were performed for the mechanical characterization of the samples. According to the obtained results, the LSS (Load at Specified Strain) strength increased below and above room temperature. In contrast, the MOR (Modulus of Rupture) and MOE (Modulus of Elasticity) strengths decreased below and above room temperature. Thus, it was concluded that in addition to the adhesive strength varying with temperature, the direction of the force application also influences the strength. Especially in small workshops, the ambient temperature is greatly influenced by summer and winter conditions. This, in turn, affects the adhesive strength and the quality of the work for wood bonding. Supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with similar studies is essential to improve the quality of their work.

Inhibition of METTL3 in macrophages provides protection against intestinal inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is prevalent, and no satisfactory therapeutic options are available because the mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that increased expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in macrophages was correlated with the development of colitis and that depletion of METTL3 in macrophages protected mice against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistic characterization indicated that METTL3 depletion increased the YTHDF3-mediated expression of phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), which resulted in glucose metabolism reprogramming and the suppression of CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. Further analysis revealed that glucose metabolism contributed to the ability of METTL3 depletion to ameliorate colitis symptoms. In addition, we developed two potent small molecule METTL3 inhibitors, namely, F039-0002 and 7460-0250, that strongly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis. Overall, our study suggests that METTL3 plays crucial roles in the progression of colitis and highlights the potential of targeting METTL3 to attenuate intestinal inflammation for the treatment of colitis.

Characterization of the damage mechanism in CFRP composites under mode I based on comprehensive analysis of AE signals

This study utilises several methods centred on acoustic emission (AE) waveform characteristics to conduct in-depth analysis of the damage mechanism of composite materials under mode I. Combined with the peak frequency statistics and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of AE signals, three damage modes of laminated composites during loading are identified. The cumulative energy of three damage modes separated by variational modal decomposition (VMD) is used to characterize their damage evolution process. Based on the findings, delamination and fiber–matrix debonding are proven to be the dominant damage mechanisms for mode I. The comprehensive analysis results from AE's accumulated energy, peak frequency distribution, CWT, VMD, and sentry function can accurately detect the onset time of delamination in laminates. The equivalent crack length is calculated by the load value determined at the initial time of delamination, and the strain energy release rate calculated by the load value and crack length at this time is used as the interlaminar fracture toughness value of mode I. This research method will provide a new idea for the damage tolerance analysis of mode I delamination in laminated structures.

Design and analysis of solid ankle foot orthosis by employing mechanical characterization and a low-cost scanning approach for additive manufacturing

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the fabrication of solid ankle foot orthoses (SAFOs) using fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technology. It emphasizes cost-effective 3D scanning with the Kinect sensor and conducts a comparative analysis of SAFO durability with varying thicknesses and materials, including polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber-reinforced (PLA-C), to address research gaps from prior studies.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the methodology comprises key components: data capture using a cost-effective Microsoft Kinect® Xbox 360 scanner to obtain precise leg dimensions for SAFOs. SAFOs are designed using CAD tools with varying thicknesses (3, 4, and 5 mm) while maintaining consistent geometry, allowing controlled thickness impact investigation. Fabrication uses PLA and PLA-C materials via FDM 3D printing, providing insights into material suitability. Mechanical analysis uses dual finite element analysis to assess force–displacement curves and fracture behavior, which were validated through experimental testing.FindingsThe results indicate that the precision of the scanned leg dimensions, compared to actual anthropometric data, exhibits a deviation of less than 5%, confirming the accuracy of the cost-effective scanning approach. Additionally, the research identifies optimal thicknesses for SAFOs, recommending a 4 and 5 mm thickness for PLA-C-based SAFOs and an only 5 mm thickness for PLA-based SAFOs. This optimization enhances the overall performance and effectiveness of these orthotic solutions.Originality/valueThis study’s innovation lies in its holistic approach, combining low-cost 3D scanning, 3D printing and computational simulations to optimize SAFO materials and thickness. These findings advance the creation of cost-effective and efficient orthotic solutions.

The effects of ply clustering positions and orientations on multi‐directional composite laminates' low velocity impact resistance

AbstractIn this paper, nine different carbon fiber laminates containing clusters are designed using the ant colony ACO algorithm, which have similar equivalent bending stiffnesses and B‐matrices, with the differences being the fiber orientation of the clusters and the position of the clusters in the laminates. The dynamic mechanical characterization of laminates for low velocity impact (LVI) at three different energies was carried out by means of a falling weight impact experiment. The experimental results show that the main form of failure of the laminate is delamination failure at low energy impacts, and shear fracture becomes more and more obvious with the elevation of the impact energy, which was observed in detail by the stereo microscope and electron microscope. The damage area of the laminate and the force and displacement curves after 30 J energy impact were compared by x‐ray scanning to derive the effects of the angle of the ply cluster fibers and the different positions of the ply clusters in the laminate on the impact resistance of the laminate. In conclusion, when designing the laminate, consideration should be given to designing 45° clusters on the impacted side and 90° clusters in the middle layer of the laminate to obtain the best impact resistance.Highlights Designed 9 types of laminates with different laminate structures based on ACO algorithm. Different laminates have similar equivalent bending stiffnesses and the B matrix as close to 0 as possible. LVI tests at three energies were performed on 9 types of laminates. The effects of different orientations of the clusters and the position of the clusters in the laminate on the impact resistance of the laminate were investigated.

Comparative analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity and defence responses in root‐knot nematode resistant and susceptible carrot cultivars

AbstractRoot‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are one of the most serious pests of carrot plants. Resistance cultivars are a cost‐effective and ecofriendly management strategy for nematodes. To develop these, it is essential to understand the genetic, molecular and biochemical aspects underpinning RKN infection. Here, Meloidogyne javanica penetration and development, defence reactions and antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated in a resistant carrot cultivar (TN‐99‐129) compared to the susceptible cultivar TN‐99‐62. No significant difference was found in the number of J2s penetrating the roots of both cultivars. At 2 days post‐inoculation (DPI), necrosis symptoms were observed around the head of penetrated nematodes. Cell death also increased in the roots of the nematode‐infected TN‐99‐129 cultivar. Callose deposition happened at 6 DPI, and lignin content increased with delay (21 DPI) in the inoculated resistant cultivar. In addition, the reactive oxygen species metabolism process in resistant and susceptible cultivars was significantly different. In TN‐99‐129, catalase activity inhibition was observed at the early (2 DPI) phases of infection, and increasing superoxide dismutase activity and a relative decrease in catalase activity during nematode development. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase also increased significantly in the resistant cultivar, but no significant difference was observed in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase. This study explains the process of defence reactions in the TN‐99‐129 carrot cultivar during RKN penetration and development. The exhaustive characterization of the defence mechanism of a novel source of resistance to RKN in carrots constitutes a significant step toward their use in crop breeding.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-pressure sintered B6O-SiC nanocomposites

Boron suboxide (B6O) is recognized as a superhard material with a low mass density, high resistance to chemical wear, and excellent wear resistance. Despite its desirable properties, the limited fracture toughness of B6O restricts its application in industrial contexts. This study presents the structural and mechanical characterization of B6O-SiC nanocomposites, which were synthesized via a high-pressure high-temperature sintering process of B6O powders and SiC whiskers. The sintering process induced fragmentation of SiC whiskers, resulting in the homogenous distribution of SiC fragments within the B6O matrix. An increase in SiC content was observed to decrease the composite's hardness, while initially reducing then enhancing its toughness. The nanocomposites containing 20 wt% and 30 wt% SiC whiskers exhibited significant improvements in fracture toughness, averaging 6.5 MPa m1/2 and 7.0 MPa m1/2, respectively—approximately threefold the toughness of polycrystalline B6O—while sustaining high hardness values of 36.3 GPa and 35.6 GPa on average. Microstructural analyses revealed that the composites’ superior mechanical performance is due to the presence of strong grain boundaries, as well as a high density of nanotwins and stacking faults. The findings demonstrate a viable method for producing B6O-based nanocomposites with enhanced hardness and toughness, potentially expanding their industrial applicability.

Effect of different chemical conversion coatings on the tribological performance of cylindrical thrust roller bearings under conditions of dry friction and solid lubrication

The chemical conversion coating technology, as a surface technique, can effectively reduce surface wear. In this study, the chemical conversion coating technique was implemented to acquire three distinct coating variations on the surface of cylindrical thrust roller bearings (CTRBs). Nanoindentation tests were conducted to analyze the mechanical features of the coatings, specifically targeting the elastic modulus and nanohardness. To evaluate the surface properties of the coatings, a 3D profilometer was employed. Moreover, the tribological behavior of the CTRBs, subsequent to the application of the coatings, was examined under conditions of dry friction and solid lubrication using a vertical friction and wear testing apparatus. A theoretical framework was established to elucidate the initial phase of transfer film spreading and determine the friction coefficient (COF). The impact of mechanical properties, surface characterization, and crystal structure of the coatings on the tribological performance, both under dry friction and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid lubrication conditions, was thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that, when subjected to dry friction, the dominant factor influencing the tribological performance of the coatings was surface roughness. The addition of solid lubricants can effectively improve the friction performance, resulting in a maximum reduction in bearing wear of 83.9 % and a minimum reduction of 13.0 %. By analyzing the worn surfaces and bearing vibration signals, the influence of coating characterization on the wear and anti-friction performance of solid lubricants is discussed.

A novel in-situ dynamic mechanical analysis for human plantar soft tissue: The device design, definition of characteristics, test protocol, and preliminary results

The in-situ mechanical characterization of elastomers is not highly regarded due to the existence of a well-established set of sample-based standard tests for research and industry. However, there are certain situations or materials, like biological soft tissue, where an in-situ approach is necessary due to the impossibility of sampling from a living body. We have developed a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)-like device to approach in-vivo and in-situ multidimensional stress-strain properties of human plantar soft tissues. This work elucidates the operational mechanism of the novel measurement, with the definition of a new set of moduli, test standardization and protocol. Exploratory results of a volunteer's living plantar, silica rubber samples are presented with well preciseness and consistence as expected.

Characterization of Biodegradable Polymers for Porous Structure: Further Steps toward Sustainable Plastics.

Plastic pollution poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the investigation of bioplastics with reduced end-of-life impact. This study systematically characterizes four promising bioplastics-polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and polylactic acid (PLA). Through a comprehensive analysis of their chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties, we elucidate their structural intricacies, processing behaviors, and potential morphologies. Employing an environmentally friendly process utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide, we successfully produced porous materials with microcellular structures. PBAT, PBS, and PLA exhibit closed-cell morphologies, while PHBV presents open cells, reflecting their distinct overall properties. Notably, PBAT foam demonstrated an average porous area of 1030.86 μm2, PBS showed an average porous area of 673 μm2, PHBV displayed open pores with an average area of 116.6 μm2, and PLA exhibited an average porous area of 620 μm2. Despite the intricacies involved in correlating morphology with material properties, the observed variations in pore area sizes align with the findings from chemical, thermal, and mechanical characterization. This alignment enhances our understanding of the morphological characteristics of each sample. Therefore, here, we report an advancement and comprehensive research in bioplastics, offering deeper insights into their properties and potential morphologies with an easy sustainable foaming process. The alignment of the process with sustainability principles, coupled with the unique features of each polymer, positions them as environmentally conscious and versatile materials for a range of applications.

Single atom nanozyme sensing platform for simultaneous rapid detection of multiple bisphenols

Bisphenol compounds (BPA, BPS, BPAF, etc.) are one class of the most important and widespread pollutants that poses severe threat to human health and the ecological environment. Because of the presence of multiple bisphenols in environmental and food samples, it is urgent and challenging to develop a rapid and cheap technique for simultaneously detecting BPA and its analogues. In this study, a series of M-N-C (M = Cu, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, K) single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) were created by simulating the structure of natural enzyme molecules, which were used as novel sensing platform for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. Through systematic screening and characterization, it was interestingly discovered that the electrochemical sensor based on Cu-N-C SAzymes exhibited the best sensing performance for bisphenols among all SAzymes, which catalyzed not only BPA like tyrosinase, but also showed excellent catalytic capacity beyond tyrosinase (tyrosinase has no catalytic activity for BPS, BPAF, etc.), and achieved potential-resolved simultaneous rapid detection of BPA, BPS and BPAF. Further structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism characterizations of Cu-N-C SAzymes revealed that the presence of single atom Cu was predominantly in the form of Cu+ and Cu2+, which were anchored onto graphene nanosheet support through four coordination bonds with pyridinic N and pyrrolic N and acted as highly efficient active centers for electrocatalytic oxidation of bisphenols. The developed electrochemical sensing method exhibited excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability for the rapid detection of multiple bisphenols in actual samples.

Study of 3D-printed onyx parts reinforced with continuous glass fibers: Focus on mechanical characterization, analytical prediction and numerical simulation

The 3D printing of continuous-fiber composites is currently relevant to engineers and researchers. This study aims to characterize and predict the mechanical properties of Onyx/glass fiber specimens printed using 3D printing. The work assesses the impact of glass fiber printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of printed parts and proposes analytical and numerical methods to predict mechanical properties. A physicochemical analysis was conducted on 3D printed continuous glass fibers. The study also investigated the impact of fiber printing parameters on composite parts. The results indicate that the 3D-printed glass fibers consist of nylon, continuous glass fibers, and voids (porosity), which range from 58% to 63%, 31% to 38%, and 5% to 8%, respectively. Mechanical characterizations indicate that printing fiber layers in blocks results in superior mechanical properties compared to printing alternating layers of glass fibers and Onyx. Additionally, the concentric mode of fiber printing can be challenging if the ‘start rotation’ parameter is not adjusted correctly. Premature specimen breakage occurred when fiber printing began within their useful length, resulting in a deformation at break that was approximately 34% less, depending on the starting position. The proposed analytical and numerical prediction methods had prediction errors of approximately 7% to 12% and 5% to 7%, respectively. Engineers can use these prediction approaches during the dimensioning phase of 3D printed composite parts.