Mechanical Workshop Research Articles

Analisis Casing Wear Ring Load Cycle Fatigue pada Sistem Kerja Pompa Sentrifugal ETA-N 100x80-200 di Bengkel Mekanik PEM Akamigas

The aim of this research is to analyze casing wear ring load cycle fatigue on the working system of eta-n 100x80-200 centrifugal pump at the akamigas mechanical workshop. This research method uses the step method. Simulation results using ANSYS 2024 software , obtained wear ring wear deformation of 0.378885 mm (average) and 0.3762455 mm (maximum) with wear ring clearance 0.38 mm. The comparison results of wear ring wear are less than the maximum wear ring tolerance, and wear ring wear is more than the minimum wear ring tolerance, so the results obtained still meet the tolerance standards. Simulation results of wear rings that are given 2x loading from the initial load

Environmental Impact of Automobile Wastes on Surface Water Quality in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria

ABSTRACTThe negative impact of operations in informal auto mechanic workshops is a major public health concern, and its effect on surface water pollution cannot be overlooked. This current work evaluates the environmental impact of automobile waste on surface water quality in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. A total of 108 surface water samples were taken in 2022 and 2023 from Abakaliki, Onueke, and Afikpo streams, and WHO as controls using standard analytical methods. Data sets were analyzed using Fisher's Significance Least Difference (F‐LSD) at the 0.05 probability level. The study showed that surface water appearance was slightly brown, and the observed upstream is acidic in nature, the midstream is alkaline, and the downstream is natural. Water samples from Abakaliki, Onueke, and Afikpo streams were observed to be hard since their concentration levels were above the WHO standard. Furthermore, the high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb and Mn) as well as the oil and grease content indicate that the surface water in the area of study is polluted and its overall quality is degraded. The study therefore concluded that automobile waste had a negative influence on the surface water quality in the study area. Based on these new findings, it is recommended that automobile waste be properly treated and disposed of to avoid their adverse effects on surface water quality. In addition, given the uncontrolled development of these informal auto workshops across the nation in recent years, there is a need for the execution of environmental standards connected to automobile service activities.

Design and Implementation of a Desorption Electro-flow Focusing Sprayer on an Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer for DESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging at High Spatial Resolution and at High Speed.

Since desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was first presented in 2004, the fundamental design of the sprayer has undergone relatively minor modifications. This changed in 2022 when Takats and co-workers implemented the desorption electro-flow focusing (DEFFI) sprayer design by modifying the sprayer from a commercial DESI system, leading to significantly improved spatial resolution and robustness compared with the traditional DESI-MSI sprayer design. Here, we present the design of a new DEFFI sprayer that can be built from standard fittings and connectors in combination with an aluminum spray head that can be machined in most mechanic workshops. The new design represents a cost-efficient approach to improved DESI-MSI on mass spectrometers from all vendors, including high-resolution instruments such as Orbitraps and FT-ICR. The new DEFFI sprayer is demonstrated on a QExactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer, resulting in a massively improved ion yield compared with the classic DESI sprayer. The improved ion yield enables DESI-MSI at ion injection times down to 5 ms, allowing for DESI-MSI at a potentially very high speed. More importantly, the DEFFI sprayer delivers a more robust and focused spray, which is easier to use and requires less optimization. It provides high spatial resolution with limited effort compared with previous modifications of the traditional DESI design. Imaging of rat testis was performed at pixel sizes down to 12 μm, suggesting a spatial resolution of approximately 30 μm, which may have potential for further improvement.

Heavy Metals in Tree Parts (Roots, Bark, Leaves) and Fruits Grown in Mechanic Workshops in Nigeria

The day-to-day activities carried out at the mechanic workshop like panel beating, welding, and automobile battery servicing may result in high amounts of heavy metals in the soil near mechanic workshops. Spent engine oils also emit a huge number of toxic metals, when disposed of on the floor at workshops, they settle on soil and are absorbed into nearby trees and plants. Therefore, making the tree parts and fruits at mechanic workshops prone to attack by heavy metals. This work is focused on testing if the presence of heavy metals would have adverse effects on the tree parts (roots, shoots, upper leaves, lower leaves) and fruits of mechanic workshops. A mechanic village in Abeokuta, Ogun State was chosen as the case study. The tree parts were oven-dried, ground, digested, and taken for analysis using AAS. Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) were found in higher amounts than the recommended allowable limits by WHO/FAO. Results show that the upper bark had the highest heavy metal concentration. In general, the tested heavy metals were recognized in the order: Zinc (Zn) > Lead (Pb) > Mercury (Hg) > Nickel (Ni) > Manganese (Mn) > Iron (Fe) > Copper (Cu). It is recommended that mechanic villages should be sited far from residential areas. Remediation of polluted soil should be encouraged. Phytoremediation was suggested to be the best method for reducing the concentration of heavy metal in the soils and tree parts at mechanic workshops. Continuous education and training should be provided for automobile repairers/ mechanics, emphasizing the environmental implications of their poor occupational waste management and the dangers of eating fruits and taking herbs from trees planted in workshops.

Concentrations, sources and exposure to metals in dust from automobile mechanic workshops in Nigeria

Concentrations, sources and exposure to metals in dust from automobile mechanic workshops in Nigeria

Biodegradation of Spent Oil in Soil Using Citrullus Colocynthis Peels and Other Plant Wastes

Spent oil, which contains hazardous substances that pose health risk to man and his environment, are disposed indiscriminately on land in most mechanic workshops. The waste oil find its way into farmland and water bodies causing contamination of water, plants and lands. The ingestion of contaminated water, plants and animals lead to serious health issues. The abilities of plant wastes such as Citrullus colocynthis peels were investigated for the enhancement of the biodegradation of spent oil in soils. Contaminated soil in microcosms, A to J, were treated with plant wastes, duplicated to give 20 microcosms and incubated for 180 days. Periodic soil sampling from each microcosm was followed by cold extraction with dichloromethane and residual oil were analysed via Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry techniques (GC/MS). The results showed that the biostimulants accounted for 55.2 % of the total variation in the biodegradation result, P<0.001 at α = 0.05. The compounds identified ranged from C10- C35. The highest molecular weight compounds were 17-Pentatriacontene, 490.93 g/mol and 1-Hexacosene, 490.93 g/mol, while the lowest was p-Menth-8(10)-en-9-ol, cis, 154.25 g/mol. The compounds with the highest and lowest area percentage, 36.04 % and 0.97 % were 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-, and 9, 9-Dimethyl-9-sila-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene respectively. About, four alkanes, six alkene, fourteen oxygenated, five nitrogen containing- and eight aromatic- compounds were identified after biodegradation. There was no statistical significant difference between the performances of each of the stimulant in the microcosms, P>0.1 at α = 0.05. There was an extremely significant difference between the performance of the stimulated microcosms and the natural attenuation containing NaN3, with P<0.001 at 0.05 significant level. The results show that plant wastes have abilities to enhance the biodegradation of the spent oil. Hence, Citrullus colocynthis peels generated in the Northern Nigeria and other plant waste can be used for cost-effective and safe degradation of spent and crude oil in the Southern Nigeria for the reclamations of lands for agricultural purposes.

Mechanical Thrombectomy Workshops Improve Procedural Knowledge and Skills Among Neurointerventional Teams in Low- to Middle-Income Countries.

While mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is proven to be lifesaving and disability sparing, there remains a disparity in its access in low- to middle-income countries. We hypothesized that team-based MT workshops would improve MT knowledge and skills. We designed a 22-hour MT workshop, conducted as 2 identical events: in English (Jamaica, January 2022) and in Spanish (Dominican Republic, May 2022). The workshops included participating neurointerventional teams (practicing neurointerventionalists, neurointerventional nurses, and technicians) focused on acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion. The course faculty led didactic and hands-on components, covering topics from case selection and postoperative management to device technology and MT surgical techniques. Attendees were evaluated on stroke knowledge and MT skills before and after the course using a multiple choice exam and simulated procedures utilizing flow models under fluoroscopy, respectively. Press conferences for public education with invited government officials were included to raise stroke awareness. Twenty-two physicians and their teams from 8 countries across the Caribbean completed the didactic and hands-on training. Overall test scores (n=18) improved from 67% to 85% (P<0.002). Precourse and postcourse hands-on assessments demonstrated reduced time to completion from 36.5 to 21.1 minutes (P<0.001). All teams showed an improvement in measures of good MT techniques, with 39% improvement in complete reperfusion. Eight teams achieved a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 3 on pre-course versus 15 of 18 teams on post-course. There was a significant reduction in total potentially dangerous maneuvers (70% pre versus 20% post; P<0.002). Universally, the workshop was rated as satisfactory and likely to change practice in 93% Dominican Republic and 75% Jamaica. A team-based hands-on simulation approach to MT training is novel, feasible, and effective in improving procedural skills. Participants viewed these workshops as practice-changing and instrumental in creating a pathway for increasing access to MT in low- to middle-income countries.

Molecular identification of biosurfactant-producing bacteria obtained from oil-polluted soil samples in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Several human activities have led to environmental pollution with crude oil and other related hydrocarbons. There are various technologies of remediating oil-polluted environments, but the use of biological agents such as biosurfactants are widely practiced, and are generally considered as safe and eco-friendly. This study aimed at isolating and identifying biosurfactant-producing bacteria obtained from oil polluted soil samples in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria using molecular techniques. Six waste oil-contaminated soil samples were collected from mechanic and generator repair workshops, and were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Nine bacterial isolates were obtained from the waste oil-contaminated soil samples, and were suspected to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular identification of the biosurfactant-producing isolates was also carried out using PCR and the genes responsible for biosurfactant production targeted. Oil spreading technique was used to detect the oil displacement activity (ODA) of the isolates. The emulsification index (E24) was calculated and the ability of the extracted biosurfactant to emulsify the hydrocarbons was determined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest ODA of 28.1 cm while Staphylococcus aureus had the least ODA of 5 cm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed E24 of 70.1%, Bacillus subtilis 57.1% while S. aureus showed 32.5%. Hence, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species have good potentials for biosurfactant production, and can be harnessed and utilized in the cleanup of oil polluted soil.

Heavily polluted mechanic workshop soil and its phenanthrene-degrading Bacillus thuringiensis

Mechanic workshops in residential areas are sites referenced for small-scale chronic contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons (HC) and associated pollutants like heavy metals. The main aim of this study was to isolate from a mechanic workshop soil in Lagos a novel indigenous bacterium with potential for degradation of phenanthrene, a model polyaromatic compound. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed concentrations of HC (20,055 mg kg-1), lead (156.19 mg kg-1) and zinc (202.005 mg kg-1) in excess of regulatory limits in the soil. Continuous enrichment resulted in the isolation of a bacterium strain ALSL2, which was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus thuringiensis. Strain ALSL2 showed broad specificity for a range of HCs including phenanthrene, anthracene, biphenyl, dibenzothiophene, crude oil, diesel and kerosene and also showed biosurfactant production with emulsification index 55.2 %, 65.7 % and 58.7 % on crude oil, kerosene and vegetable oil respectively. The isolate showed evidence of dioxygenase activity and utilized metabolites of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation including 1-naphthol and O-phthalate. At the end of 10 days 51.45 % of phenanthrene was degraded at the rate of 7.922 mg l−1 d−1, degradation constant 0.073 d−1, and half-life 9.864 d. The corresponding values for anthracene were 69.11 %, 9.92 mg l−1 d−1., 0.11 d−1, and 5.924 d respectively. Our findings represent a remarkable addition to available indigenous bioresources with potential for application in bioremediation, and further highlight mechanic workshop soils as veritable source of such isolate.

Improving Engineering Education through Utilization of Virtual Reality

Traditional methods (TM) for delivering engineering education are not aligned with rapid technological development. Engineering basic workshops as a fundamental course for engineering students are commonly provided through traditional education methods and depend mainly on understanding both the theoretical concepts and practical tasks. Simulation as advanced technology is trending where applications of virtual reality (VR) can be used as an effective teaching tool in education and boost the students’ engagement in the courses. This study focuses on improving the traditional learning method used in mechanical engineering basic workshops by utilizing VR. A time study was conducted for both traditional and VR methods to identify the time required to complete all tasks. A facility layout redesign for the current workshop lab was proposed along with a direct cost study. It was found that the use of VR allowed students to understand the course experiments, achieved significant improvement in students’ performance, and enhanced the learning experience for engineering students.

Recent development in feeding mechanism of sheet metal shearing machine for productivity improvement: A review

Sheet metal working processes find extensive applications in industries such as automobile and aerospace. However, the sharp edges of sheet metal pose a safety hazard to workers, potentially leading to injuries. In response to this concern, we have conceived and developed an automatic sheet metal cutting machine. Feeding mechanism is one of the important part of sheet metal shearing machine. In this paper, recent research papers are reviewed. This papers also reports recent development in feeding mechanism and its role for productivity improvement. Also, proposed innovative feeding mechanism represents a pivotal advancement in the field of mechanical workshops, aligning with industry demands for increased productivity and safety in sheet metal processing. Paper throws lights on benefits of automation into the sheet metal cutting process, which a significantly reduces in labour costs while ensuring precise and efficient cutting operations. Paper also focuses the various parameter such as cutting speed, material properties.

INVESTIGATION OF THE INSIDE TEMPERATURE TO ARRIVE COMFORTABLE CONDITION: CASE STUDY MECHANICAL WORKSHOP BUILDING

Mechanical workshops are considered as important buildings in faculty of engineering. It is a place for the students and teachers to get practical experiences and activities. Thermal comfort is an essential requirement in most occupied spaces because it affects the productivity, health and thermal satisfaction of the occupants. Natural ventilation, which may provide occupants with good indoor thermal comfort, and reduce energy costs, has become an important sustainable strategy in building designs. Most of the mechanical workshop buildings in countries with a hot and humid climate use a combination of natural ventilation and electrical fans are commonly used as a space cooling method to provide thermal comfort to the occupants. This article presents the results of a field measurement study that was conducted on the mechanical workshop building which is locat-ed in Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Yemen. The purpose of study is to investigate of the inside temperature to arrive comfortable condition of the Mechanical Workshop Building un-der the present ventilation system. The measurements were recorded within duration of one year, starting from October 2021 to September 2022 on the middle of months. The measured values were then compared to the corresponding limit as specified in the ASHRAE Standard-55. It was found that the inside temperature at the selected locations of the mechanical workshop building exceed the respective upper limits as recommended in the ASHRAE Standard-55. This shows that the existing air ventilation method via the use of natural ventilation and electrical fans in the me-chanical workshop building are not able to provide an adequate level of thermal comfort to the occupants for all the stipulated months. Therefore, an alternative ventilation method is needed to improve the thermal comfort inside the Mechanical Workshop building.

A GIS-based analysis of heavy metals around Otukpo rice mill in Benue state

Heavy metals are primarily sourced from natural pedo-geochemical backgrounds and anthropogenic occurrences like composting, sewage sludge, aerosol deposition, and waste animal manure. The study aims to determine the heavy metals within the rice mill in Otukpo to understand the spatial distribution with the objectives to examine the heavy metals within the identified activity areas in the Otukpo rice mill, to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metals within the study area and to compare heavy metal values with the acceptable limits. Soil samples were collected from ten locations at Otukpo Rice Mill to analyze heavy metal concentrations. The samples were collected using sterile bottles and a stainless trowel, and the soil samples were analyzed for the concentrations of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Mercury, Iron, Arsenic, and Chromium using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. The result was analyzed using interpolation to see the variation of the Heavy metals within the various activity areas. The result of the study reveals that Iron has the highest concentration at the Entrance point and lowest at the Generator house with a range value of 3.92 – 1.12mg/kg respectively. The highest concentration of Zinc was recorded at the Mechanic workshop while the lowest is at the Drying point with a range value of 0.135 – 0.872mg/kg respectively. The Husk dumpsite recorded the highest concentration of Copper (0.666mg/kg) with the Drying point recording the least (0.088 mg/kg). The study reveals uneven concentrations and highlights the effectiveness of the Geographic Information System in mapping heavy metal concentrations.

Variability and health impact of air pollutants and bioaerosols in multi-functional indoor environments with mechanical ventilation system

The condition of indoor environments significantly impacts human daily life and health, where exposure to harmful substances affects the resilience of occupants. To understand the dynamics of indoor air quality and its implications for occupant health thus this study evaluated air pollutant concentration (TVOC, NO2, O3, CO, CO2, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) and bioaerosol in mechanically ventilated offices, laboratories, corridors, a library and a mechanical workshop. Simultaneous measurements of all air pollutants were performed for 24 h, including non-working hours, while bioaerosol was sampled for fungal identification and quantified via the colony counting method. High concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, O3 and bioaerosol were found in the mechanical workshop, where these pollutants were strongly related to humidity (p < 0.05) and indoor source contributions. Other air pollutants such as TVOC had the highest concentrations in the office areas during working hours with an average concentration of 361 ± 14.8 μg m−3, while for CO, the highest concentration was observed in the laboratories for both working hours (442 ± 26.0 ppb) and 24 h average concentration (438 ± 22.1 ppb). Dominant species identified in bioaerosol were Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp., where the exposure to bioaerosol was found to be of low risk to all workers as the hazard quotient (HQ) was <1 for all multi-functional indoor environments. The results from this study suggest that indoor air pollutants and bioaerosol concentrations have a variety of characteristics and source contributions, especially from human activities and indoor sources.

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

The indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oils and other hazardous waste at auto mechanic workshops clusters in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria is an environmental concern. This study examines the concentration of heavy metals in the soil inside the workshop cluster and in the unpolluted soil outside the workshop cluster at approximately 100 m. Ten sampling points were randomly selected from within the cluster and another ten from outside the cluster. Using a hand-held Global Positioning System, the coordinates of the selected points were established and used to create a digital map. Soil samples at depths of 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm, were analyzed for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, As and Cd using Spectrophotometer. Moisture content determination and particle size analysis were also done on the samples. Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations of the studied site was also mapped with ArcGIS 10.2.2 using interpolation methods. Results showed that the soil ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Cadmium and Zinc had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, in the studied area. Comparing the concentrations of heavy metals in soils within and outside the auto mechanic cluster revealed notable differences across various depths (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm). The analysis results for soil samples within the cluster exhibited concentration levels (mg/kg) ranging from 0.716–0.751 (Cu), 2.981–3.327 (Fe), 23.464–30.113 (Zn), 1.115–1.21 (Pb), 2.6–2.912 (As), and 0.133–0.365 (Cd) demonstrating a variation pattern in the order of Zn > Fe > As > Pb > Cu > Cd. Conversely, for soil samples outside the cluster, concentration levels (mg/kg) ranged from 0.611–0.618 (Cu), 2.233–2.516 (Fe), 12.841–15.736 (Zn), 0.887–0.903 (Pb), 1.669–1.911 (As), and 0.091–0.091 (Cd). To assess the disparity in heavy metal concentration levels between samples collected within and outside the clusters, ANOVA test was performed. The test showed significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between samples within and outside the auto mechanic cluster (p < 0.05), implying auto mechanic activities significantly impact heavy metal levels within the cluster compared to outside areas. The assessment of soil pollution utilized indices including the Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor (Cf), and anthropogenic metal concentration (QoC). Zinc, Cadmium, and Arsenic showed the highest contamination factors, indicating significant soil contamination likely due to anthropogenic activities. The concentrations of the metals analyzed were within WHO permissible limits while the metals concentrations were also observed to decrease as depth was increased. Using ArcGIS 10.2.2, spatial maps showing heavy metal distribution were developed, with the Kriging method proving superior. This study suggests that heavy metal levels in the soil at the area be monitored on a regular basis.

ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL COMFORT IN A NATURALLY VENTILATED MECHANICAL WORKSHOP BUILDING USING CFD METHOD

In hot and humid climates thermal discomfort is a major problem to the occupants of many buildings especially when they are not equipped with an air-conditioning system. Thermal comfort is an essential requirement in most occupied spaces because it affects the productivity, health and thermal satisfaction of the occupants. Mechanical Workshops are considered as important buildings in Yemeni universities. They are places for the students and teachers to perform their researches and experiments activities. Most of the mechanical workshop buildings in countries with a hot and humid climate use a combination of natural ventilation and electrical fans that are commonly used to provide thermal comfort to the occupants. This paper presents a study on an assessment of the level of thermal comfort in the mechanical workshop building which is located in Faculty of engineering, university of Aden, Yemen using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD method was conducted to predict the thermal comfort inside the workshop building. The level of thermal comfort inside the workshop building was found to be well outside the comfort limits as specified by ASHRAE standards. Therefore, an alternative ventilation method is needed to improve the thermal comfort inside the Mechanical Workshop building.

Technical skills required by standard automobile mechanical workshop in Akure, Nigeria

In recent time, unemployment has been identified as a major issue among the Nigerian youth. It fuels violent crimes, socially deviant behaviour, militancy, restiveness, and kidnappings. Youth unemployment is psychologically and economically destructive to both individuals and society as a whole. Hence, the role of automobile mechanical training cannot be overemphasized. This study delved into the technical abilities needed by an apprentice to graduate as an automobile mechanical artisan and build a quality mechanic firm. The study was conducted in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The sample included eight automobile mechanical artisans working in automobile workshops under the jurisdiction of Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State, were chosen at random. The study found that current technical abilities in the repair of ignition systems, carburettors, including wheel balancing and alignment, are necessary for automobile mechanical apprentices to graduate as artisans and build a quality automobile mechanical firm in Akure. It was noted in the study that the establishment of modern automobile mechanical firms requires competent artisans that would apply electronic devices to diagnose the defective sections of automobile. This is a firm where youths can successfully acquire skills in automobile mechanics towards ensuring efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness of automobile. Based on the findings, recommendations were suggested.

MESIN PENGADUK ADONAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI AMPIANG DAN KRIPIK CUMI PADA MITRA DI KOTA PANGKALPINANG

The aim of the Community Service Program for partners in the group making Ampiang and squid chips in Selindung Lama Village, Gabek District, Pangkalpinang City is to increase production capacity and quality and improve the partner business management system. The survey results showed that there were problems in the dough mixing production process carried out by partners who still used manual methods. As a result, partners' production capabilities are limited. Apart from that, in terms of business management, existing partners are still not optimal. The partner's average kneading capacity is 2-3 kg in 35 minutes. From the results of the discussion, improvements were made to the production system by providing dough mixing machines and marketing management training. Creating alternative concepts based on data from literature studies, interviews with partners. The alternative concept chosen as the machine design was assessed based on the results of discussions with partners looking at the aspects of frame dimensions, machine height, stirrer dimensions, motor power used, machine plate size used. The production process is carried out in the Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic Manufacturing Mechanic workshop (Polman Babel). The manufacture and procurement of Dough Mixer machines for partners has been realized well and has been provided directly to partners. The capacity of this kneading machine is 5 kg for one process. With a time of 7 minutes to 10 minutes and this machine can be used by partners for production activities for making Ampiang and kritcu, especially in the dough mixing process, partners have been able to increase the productivity of Ampiang and Kritcu through the application of appropriate technology machines In order to increase production capacity from previous production capacity by up to 100% and increase added value for partners.

Safety Awareness in Auto Mechanics Workshop among Technical College Students in Lagos State

The study investigated the safety awareness in auto-mechanics workshops among Technical College Students in Lagos State. The study adopted the survey type of descriptive research. The population of the study consists of eighty (80) technical college students in three technical colleges in Lagos state. Data were collected with the use of instrument namely: Safety Awareness in Auto Mechanics Workshop Questionnaires (SAAWQ). In the date processing the simple percentage and frequency counts were used to quantify and to analyse the responses. The result of the study showed that accidents prevention does not occur by itself, that it is the duty of the students, the teachers, instructors and administrators to be educated on why and how accidents happen. Also, the need to develop and adhere to safe working habits. Findings showed that using wrong tools to work, worn out tools, poor safety rules among others can cause accidents in the workshop. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the well planned workshop should be provided with standard facilities. Regular training and retraining program should be given for both teachers and students. Also, government must always visit the technical colleges and provide enough money for the school.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 15 January 2023 / Accepted: 29 February 2024 / Published: 6 March 2024

Educational strategies applied to the logistics system of transport, treatment and final disposal of used lubricating oils in Colombia

In Colombia, one of the problems that is evident and that is gaining strength is related to the inadequate management of dangerous resources such as used lubricating oils (ALU) from automobiles and motorcycles, where it is observed that there is no adequate pedagogical strategy on logistics systems or logistics processes that allow optimal final disposal, thus avoiding contamination and alteration in the environment. The methodology that was used for this investigation is of a mixed type, with a descriptive investigation, where the ignorance of the conditions for the adequate handling, treatment and disposal of used lubricating oils can be identified, emphasizing small and medium-sized mechanical companies. Mechanical workshops mainly in neighborhoods located in the city of Bogotá and mostly in locations that do not have the latest technology to provide such service. As results of the investigation, it was found that there is no educational model of socialization of a structured logistics system for establishments that provide mechanical services, in addition to the lack of training and awareness on the part of companies and entities dedicated to the use of this type of substances, denoting the importance of providing learning tools from the proposed educational strategy.