Cattle Meat Production Research Articles

The intensification impact of dairy cattle breeding on the beef production development in the Russian Non-Chernozem zone

The dairy cattle breeding role in the economy of the Non-Chernozem zone is historically great, therefore, the development analysis of this industry with the intensive technologies use is an urgent task. The study purpose is to identify the causes of stagnation in beef production with positive dynamics in the dairy industry. The paper examines the dynamics of increasing the cows’ productivity by region; the concentration process of milk and cattle meat production. The intensity assessment of production in the young dairy breeds’ fattening is given. Research methods include economic and statistical analyses, as well as comparison. The change in the placement of dairy cattle breeding has been revealed: new large-scale projects are being built in the Chernozem zone and in the regions of the Non-Chernozem zone with high grain yields. Approaches to stimulating beef production in the current conditions at the regional level are considered. The state regulation expediency of the dairy and beef cattle breeding placement has been substantiated.

Эффективность производства говядины при чистопородном разведении французских мясных пород скота

Abstract. The purpose is to study the efficiency of beef production from specialized meat breeds of cattle of French origin in comparison with the Hereford breed. Methods. Zootechnical, statistical and economic methods were used. Results. As a result of the conducted scientific and economic experience, the indicators of weight growth and meat productivity of cattle of the Charolais, Salers, Aubrac, Limousin breeds were studied in comparison with the Hereford cattle breed. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time in the conditions of Western Siberia, a comparative study of the indicators of weight growth from birth to 18 months of age and meat productivity of French beef cattle breeds with the Hereford breed was carried out. The conducted research has established the advantage in live weight and growth intensity of French beef cattle breeds. The largest live weight at 18 months was in Charolais bulls – 569.4 kg, which is more than in group I bulls by 53 kg (10.2 %) (p ≤ 0.001). In second place in terms of live weight were the bulls of the Obrak breed – 552.4 kg, which is significantly more than the peers of group I by 35.7 kg (10.3 %) (p ≤ 0.001. With intensive cultivation, the highest growth energy was demonstrated by bulls of French meat breeds 903.8–966.1. When slaughtered at the age of 15 and 18 months, heavy animal carcasses were obtained. Carcasses of French bull calves at slaughter at 15 months had a larger mass by 10.6–23.5 kg. By 18 months, the mass of paired carcasses increased to 286.6–318.5 kg. Economic analysis of the research results shows that in the production of beef from Charolais cattle, the profitability level is 66.5 %, Hereford breed – 60.6 %, Salers and Aubrac – 62.3, Limousin – 56.4 %.

EFFECT OF HUMIC FEED ADDITIVE ON METABOLIC PROCESSES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BEEF CATTLE

The use of made in Kazakhstan organic and mineral feed additives to in-crease the meat productivity of cattle is important for the agro-industrial complex of the Republic. During the study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of raw materials was made. Quality control of the finished feed additive was carried out following the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The studies were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 23, 2008 No. 380, Regulation No. 7-1/625 dated 11/28/2014 and Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 22, 2003, on additives for use in animal feeding. Kazakh potassium humate of the Maykubensky deposit is sterile, non-pyrogenic, non-toxic, and harmless, with an average pH of 11.0-1.0, and has a biological effect on laboratory animals (white mice). The effectiveness analysis in the production experiment allowed us to identify the positive effect of feed additives on metabolic processes and increasing meat productivity in bulls. Regardless of age, on the 7th day of taking the feed additive of potassium humate, the calves' coats acquired a noticeable shine and a bright color, and shedding was completed with-in a month. Clinical signs of metabolic disorders and vitamin deficiency, detected in the farm at the time of the experiment in some animals, pass through 20-30 days from the beginning of the application of the feed additive. The optimal scheme for the use of feed additives was tested on the Kazakh meat breed Akbas, and the concentration of humic substances was selected for the maximum mani-festation of the biologically active effect. Animals became mobile and active, their rumination became more active, they grew noticeably, and the average daily weight gain increased by 7.6-8.9%.

Evaluation of meat productivity of Limousin breed cattle in biogeochemical conditions of Voronezh region

The main and economically priority vector of development of agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation in the current realities is sustainable production of agricultural products in volumes that not only meet the needs of the population, but also create a certain reserve, able to offset the negative effects of forced production downturns and crises. Beef is a high-quality source of protein in human nutrition. In the conditions of protein diet deficiency the question of increasing the volumes of animal production and, in particular, beef as one of the main traditional components of human diet acquires the special urgency. In this connection, we have set the task to study the indicators of beef productivity of Limousin cattle under the conditions of stabling system in a farm located in the biogeochemical conditions of Voronezh region of the Russian Federation. The researches made show that the meat productivity of cattle of Limousin breed differs significantly in pre-slaughter weight of bulls and heifers amounted 621.33 kg and 449.67 kg, and the slaughter weight of steers and heifers was 385.37 kg and 272.30 kg. The slaughter yield of steers was quite high and was 61.98±1.06%, while that of heifers was slightly lower and was 59.90±0.58%. The most interesting is the comparative evaluation of meat quality in interbreed and age aspects according to its dry matter and water content, protein and fat content, as well as other indicators characterizing the product quality, so the ratio between protein and fat in meat, the water-holding capacity of meat proteins were studied to determine the manufacturability and meat quality. Also, indicators characterizing the chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back were determined.

Sustainable Cell Sources for Cultivated Meat

Cultivated meat (clean meat) is an emerging yet fast growing research field and industry with a great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional cattle meat production. Cultivated meat leverages the technologies of cell biology and tissue engineering, culturing multiple types of cells and assembling them into a tissue structure construct mimicking the muscle tissues of livestock animals. A sustainable cell source is the first and the utmost important component of cultivated meat technology. In this mini review, cell sources for the main cell types in cultivated meat (muscle cells and fat cells) are described. Stem cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential are the most prominent candidates. Progenitor stem cells from muscle tissues, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from many other tissues and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) created from terminally differentiated cells have been used as cell sources for cultivated meat. To become a sustainable cell source, which can generate high quantity (extensive in vitro expansion) and high quality (stemness) cells for the making of cultivated meat, these cells still face the challenges and limitation intrinsically associated with in vitro culturing. The efforts and strategies to circumvent such limitations are also discussed.

Red Meat Republic: A Hoof-to-Table History of How Beef Changed America

Red Meat Republic: A Hoof-to-Table History of How Beef Changed America

Meat Productivity of Cattle When Using in Their Diets Local Non-Traditional Feed Additives in a Sharply-Continental Climate of Yakutia

The article presents the research results of non-traditional feed additives’ impact on cattle meat productivity in the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. There were formed three experimental groups of young cattle given the age and the live weight. Meat productivity was estimated by killing products, organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of beef. It was found that the inclusion of local mineral feed additives in animal’s diet contributed to the increasing of carcass mass on 3,4 – 7,9 %, lean tissue on 8,5 – 15,7 kg, and fat tissue on 1,3 – 1,5 kg. The assessment of meat products showed that the experienced groups’ samples had high points. Thus, the researches have shown the effectiveness of local non-traditional feed additives in the sharply continental climate of Yakutia.

Сравнительная характеристика особенностей роста и развития мышечной и костной ткани молодняка черно-пестрой породы и их помесей

The formation of meat productivity of young cattle in favorable growing conditions is associated with growth and development and includes such indicators as live weight, average daily gain, age-related development of physique, type of constitution, carcass weight, slaughter yield, the ratio in the carcass of individual varietal cuts and morphological composition, the ratio of basic nutrients and the energy value of slaughter products. To determine the indicators of meat productivity of young cattle, it is necessary to know the patterns of growth and development of muscle and bone tissue. In this regard, there is a need to study the productive qualities of young black-and-white breeds and their crossbreeds. The article presents the results of comparative characteristics of the growth and development of individual muscles and muscle groups of the thoracic and pelvic extremities, as well as the development of bone tissue of young black-and-white breeds and their crossbreeds. A comparative study of the degree of development of individual muscles and groups of muscles and bones of the skeleton was carried out in purebred and crossbred bulls and castrates at the age of 18 months. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the mass of individual muscles and muscle groups of the thoracic and pelvic extremities, as well as the mass of individual parts of the skeleton of the carcass of group II bulls exceeded the peers of group I, III and VI. Regardless of their physiological state, crossbred gobies of ½ holstein x ½ black–and-white breed differed from purebred peers in higher growth and development rates of both muscle and bone tissue, which confirms the possibility of increasing the meat productivity of cattle.

Research Advance on Application of Microbial Fermented Fodder in Broilers Production: A Short Review

Recently, interest in animal production and poultry production in particular has increased, because poultry meat and eggs and their products are more widely consumed than other products. Human health is also considered one of the priorities. Nowadays, the fermentation industry has become very popular due to its great benefits in the pharmaceutical industry, the improvement of foodstuffs and the animal feed industry and its improvement. Moreover, microbial fermentation can enhance the content and digestibility of nutrients in nontraditional diets while decreasing the quantity of crude fiber and anti-nutritional elements such as tannins. The functional components (organic acids, bioactive peptides, lactic acid bacteria) found in microbial fermented feed can increase meat production in cattle, pigs, and sheep, and broiler productivity, carcass quality, intestinal health, immunological function, and so on. This paper examines the application study of microbial fermented feed in broiler production and serves as a resource for microbial fermented feed promotion and use in broiler production.

Influence of feed additives on meat productivity of cattle

Influence of feed additives on meat productivity of cattle

Inclusive approach to calculating the real cost price and estimating the actual efficiency of cattle breeding

Information of the real cost price of milk and cattle meat production directly affects the accuracy and timeliness of management decisions in agricultural organizations. This led to the main objective of this study - with the help of an inclusive approach of calculating costs, to display the actual situation with costs and efficiency in cattle breeding, to develop a methodology for applying this approach in practice. The second objective of this longitudinal study is to look at the dynamics of the evolution of costs and prices for milk and cattle meat, since their change is closely related to understanding the past and present problems faced by agricultural producers. The paper describes the method developed by the author to distribution of costs in cattle breeding, the scale for determining the residual value of animal has been presented, depending on the period of its useful use. The method is based on a more accurate distribution of the company’s expenses by types of products obtained and complements the current cost price calculation methodology. Approbation of the developed inclusive approach to calculating costs in cattle breeding made it possible to assess the actual situation in the industry: cattle fattening is not that unprofitable (calculations have shown that fattening is effective in one third of the thousand surveyed agricultural organizations), and milk production is not as efficient as it is commonly believed (only a quarter of enterprises receive actual profits from milk sale).

A Model for Prediction of the Buffalo and Cattle male Calves' live Weight

The buffalo and cattle population in Egypt reached about 4.898,893 and 3,476,396 heads, respectively, in 2019. The buffalo and cattle meat production represented around 43% and 45% of the total meat production in Egypt, respectively, and the average carcass weight of buffalo and cattle reached 318 kg and 336Kg in 2019. About 50% of livestock numbers are slaughtered off-slaughter houses due to a shortage in the capacity of slaughterhouses and other financial and administrative reasons. The conducted field survey of this study showed that the majority of Egyptian livestock markets lack live weight scales, and if available, they are expensive and frightening for the animals. Therefore, numerous feedlot enterprises hire an agent who can visually forecast the expected live weight of the exhibited feeder calves for sale in the market at a high charge. Most of the models to predict the weight of live cattle-bulls knowing the chest circumference were lacking such models for buffalo-bulls and were linear models that fit only limited periods of cattle-fattening. The sample survey included 500 buffalo males and 340 cattle males of different live weights from 14 villages in 4 provinces in the Nile Delta. The data were used to estimate the best-fitted model for Egyptian livestock. This study showed that the best-fitted model was curved linear. It was a quadratic form. For empirical application, the study designed a table to predict the live weight of buffalo and cattle males at a range of 100-200 cm chest circumference. The results showed that a 1% increase in the chest circumference was associated with a 2.4% and 2.8% increase in the buffalo and cattle male's circumference, which implicitly reflects higher live weight gain of cattle than buffalo males and better meat quality. Therefore, the farm price of cattle feeder males surpassed the buffalo by $1000.

The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ ДЛЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА ИЗ БУРЫХ УГЛЕЙ НА МОДУЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИНИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ООО «БОГРАДСКИЙ ГОК»)

The article presents the composition of known feed additives. The combination of components used in the feed additive can solve the problem of vitamin and energy deficiency, normalize metabolism, remove toxic products accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract, increase the resistance of young animals and adult animals, and avoid losses of dairy and meat productivity. Common disadvantages of feed additives are their multicomponent composition, high labor intensity and duration of production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing the technologies for the production of feed additives with a wide range of biological activity based on the processing of oxidized brown coal on a modular production line. (Materials and methods) The article presents the study of the efficiency of a modular processing line to provide flexibility in the technology of processing brown coal to obtain feed additives. The article presents the practical results of checking the quality of the obtained feed additive on the parameters and operating modes of individual units and aggregates. (Results and discussion) Authors developed a technology for the production of feed additives for cattle. The proposed feed additive was tested in Andreevskoe LLC of the Republic of Khakassia on a dairy herd of cattle, where two groups of animals of 20 heads each were formed: a control group and an experimental group. Authors tested the addition at the end of the winter stall period. (Conclusions) The article presents the influence of the “Humates of Khakassia” feed additive on the dairy and meat productivity of cattle on the example of LLC «Andreevskoe». Authors optimized the feeding standards and the composition of feed additives for dairy cattle in the Republic of Khakassia. The article presents developed recommendations for the use of feed additives in the stable period.

MAPPING PASTURE AREAS IN WESTERN REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Abstract. Brazil is one of the largest exporters of cattle meat production. Most of this production is under pasture areas, with different levels of livestock and field management. Remotely sensed images could be interesting tools to detect distinct temporal and spatial patterns of these systems. In this context, classification algorithms have been proposed to use information from satellite images to map different land covers. The Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) is an algorithm that has the advantage of working well with datasets with enough amounts of temporal information and seasonality patterns. In the present work, the TWDTW was performed to classify pasture managements in farms located in Western region of São Paulo State in Brazil for the years 2017 and 2018, as a primary study. It was used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series images from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer – MODIS sensor (products MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q) with 250 meters of spatial resolution. In classifications for the years 2017 and 2018, it was observed a predominance of traditional pasture. Total areas of degraded and traditional pasture were very similar between 2017 and 2018. The year of 2017 showed higher spatial distribution of intensified pastures than year 2018. The classification achieved satisfying results with complete accuracy in validation. The information collected from field visits were important to analyse general aspects of the results. Therefore, in this pilot study TWDTW algorithm demonstrated to have potential in differentiating classes of pasture management. Next steps will be to explore the possibilities to classify pasture systems in large areas.

Management analysis of cost effectiveness of beef cattle breeding and its determinants

Subject. This article analyzes the meat production of the Republic of Tatarstan and the respective enterprises' competitiveness. The article discusses principles and measures to enhance the effectiveness of beef cattle breeding, and identifies its determinants. Objectives. The study aims to determine key directions for enhancing the effectiveness of the beef cattle breeding sector and its development. Methods. The study is based on comparison, systematization and generalization of data, and the methods of economic and statistical analysis. Results. To evaluate to what extent the meat productivity of cattle depends on its determinants and how they correlate, we performed a correlation and regression analysis by addressing the multiple correlation. We built a multiple-factor correlation and regression model of business activity of agricultural enterprises in the Predvolzhskaya Natural and Economic Zone for 2019. We figured out that 500 young growing cattle and livestock constitute the optimal size of cattle breeding enterprises in the Predvolzhskaya Natural and Economic Zone in the sampled population. Conclusions. The cost effectiveness of the overall agricultural production and certain types of products mostly depends on the scale of key sectors presented in agricultural enterprises and the extent of production concentration. In the market economy, the stable and effective performance of agricultural enterprises mainly depends on the relationship between the production and reprocessing of products. The findings can be used to outline methodological principles of the agricultural production economics, effectiveness, attain and increase the appropriate competitiveness of beef cattle breeding enterprises.

The effectiveness of rearing of steers of Aubrac breed depending on the age of their slaughter

The factors that influence the formation of meat productivity of cattle include feeding, breed, sex, age, fatness, conditions and individual characteristics of animals. The purpose of the work was to substantiate the effective age of slaughter of steers of specialized beef breed Aubrac. The research has been carried out in a breeding farm for breeding cattle of beef productivity in LLC “Bison” in the Omutinsky district in the Tyumen region. An economic assessment of the rearing of steers of Aubrac breed depending on the age of their slaughter has been presented in the paper. Studies have been carried out on steers have been reared up to the age of 15, 18 and 20 months. In the course of research, we have been studied the amount of feed have been consumed during the period of steers rearing and the total costs incurred. The amount of feed and energy consumed by the steers of the studied ages had a significant discrepancy. For example, steers reared before 18 and 20 months of age consumed more hay in relation to steers sold for meat at 15 months of age by 285,2 and 486,7 kg, haylage by 1228,7 and 2273,4 kg and concentrated feed by 276 and 462 kg, respectively. At the same time, the total difference in the amount of energy consumed was 1155,3 and 1685,9 EFU. The difference between the age of realization of steers at 18 and 20 months for the total energy consumed was 530,5 EFU. The level of profitability of production when selling steers for beef at the age of 18 months was 7,6 %, and at the age of 20 months it was 8,3 %. Early sale of steers for meat at the age of 15 months is unprofi table with a payback rate only 98 %.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FATTENING CATTLE IN HISTORICAL AND MODERN RETROSPECTION (according to the bibliography of Academician G. Bogdanov)

An attempt is made to concentrate this research in the field of the scientific heritage of Academician UAAS G. Bogdanov, due to certain retrospective and prospective reasons. The main scientific research of Bogdanov O. devoted to the development of theoretical bases of animals’ feeding farms, technologies of feed production and use were carried out in the period connected with work at the Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of the USSR (1956–1976, now the Institute of Animal Husbandry NAAS). Developing the theoretical and practical positions of the classics of domestic zootechnical science I.Belgovsky and P. Pshenichny, Academician G. Bogdanov together with the scientific school created by him laid the foundation for the domestic and made a significant contribution to the world science of farm animal feeding and technology production of high quality feed. The creative heritage of the scientist includes patterns of energy, protein, amino acid, mineral, vitamin nutrition of cattle, pigs, sheep; norms and technologies of full-fledged feeding of farm animals; theoretical bases of formation of meat productivity of cattle in ontogenesis and substantiation of breed technologies of intensive beef production in Ukraine. The result long period of work of the scientist and his colleagues was represented in 2012 of the conceptual work "Theory and practice of normalized feeding of cattle". Research in the physiology and biochemistry of ruminants has led to the creation of new concepts for the evaluation of feed protein and protein rationing for highly productive animals, which gave impetus to the development of innovative feed additives based on protected protein and starch. Given the topic of our article, the work of the scientist, dedicated to the feeding of highly productive cattle, is singled out and considered.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

The article is devoted to the research of the trends of the main indicators of agricultural development in the Stavropol Territory in comparison with similar national indicators, the trends and structure of cattle meat production in the context of different household categories on the basis of official statistics for 2014–2019, the integrative interaction of small businesses in various models of cooperatives. The findings may serve as a basis for justifying the course of development of integration cooperation between agricultural entities.

Nonparametric economic analysis of the level of technical efficiency of cattle meat production in the Krasnodar Krai in 2013-2018

Calculations of estimates of the technical efficiency of production activities of agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Krai that produce live weight gains of cattle in 2018 were performed. For this purpose, a nonparametric method is used, which compares the actual and potentially possible maximum production volumes calculated using the linear programming method for each specific commodity producer in a representative sample of enterprises and forming a broken boundary production function. The size of the potential for growth in the production of meat cattle products based on the existing livestock in the region was determined and priority areas for its implementation was identified. It was established that the main factors hindering the development of meat cattle breeding in the Krasnodar Krai are low potential of biological productivity of the livestock breeds used, use of unbalanced feed rations that lead to a large overspend of certain types of feed, and low labor productivity.