Meat Diet Research Articles

Global disease burden linked to diet high in red meat and colorectal cancer from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030.

Numerous studies have already identified an association between excessive consumption of red meat and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there has been a lack of detailed understanding regarding the disease burden linked to diet high in red meat and CRC. We aim to offer evidence-based guidance for developing effective strategies that can mitigate the elevated CRC burden in certain countries. We used the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to evaluate global, regional, and national mortality rates and disability-adjusted Life years (DALYs) related to diet high in red meat. We also considered factors such as sex, age, the socio-demographic index (SDI), and evaluated the cross-national inequalities. Furthermore, we utilized DALYs data from 204 countries and regions to measure cross-country inequalities of CRC by calculating the slope index of inequality and concentration index as standard indicators of absolute and relative inequalities. The results show that globally, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability adjusted life year rate (ASDR) related to CRC due to diet high in red meat have decreased, with estimated annual percent change (EAPCs) of -0.32% (95% CI -0.37 to -0.28) and-0.18% (95% CI -0.25 to -0.11). Notably, the burden was higher among males and the elderly. The slope index of inequality rose from 22.0 (95% CI 18.1 to 25.9) in 1990 to 32.9 (95% CI 28.3 to 37.5) in 2019 and the concentration index fell from 59.5 (95% CI 46.4 to 72.6) in 1990 to 48.9 (95% CI 34.6 to 63.1) in 2019. Also, according to our projections, global ASDR and ASMR might tend to increase up to 2030. ASMR and ASDR for CRC associated with high red meat diets declined globally from 1990 to 2019, but the absolute number of cases is still rising, with men and the elderly being more affected. CRC associated with diets high in red meat exhibits significant income inequality, placing a disproportionate burden on wealthier countries. Moreover, according to our projections, ASMR and ASDR are likely to increase globally by 2030. In order to address this intractable disease problem, understanding changes in global and regional epidemiologic trends is critical for policy makers and others.

The Impact of the Double School Shift System on Lifestyle Behaviors Among Mexican Adolescents

PurposeEarly school start times could adversely impact adolescent sleep duration. They could also impact other behaviors like diet and physical activity, either directly or indirectly through effects on sleep. We examined whether the double school shift system was associated with sleep, diet, and physical activity behaviors among Mexican adolescents. MethodsThe analytic sample included 305 Mexican adolescents from a cohort study (on average 14.53 ± 1.75 years old and 51% male). Sleep and physical activity were measured with wrist actigraphy, while diet and other lifestyle behaviors were assessed with questionnaires. Regression analyses were conducted to compare lifestyle behaviors between the morning and afternoon school shifts, adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsAdolescents attending the morning school shift (44%) had pronounced differences in sleep compared to those attending afternoon shift, including a 1.77-hour shorter sleep duration on weekdays (95% CI -1.55, −2.00), a 0.40-hour longer sleep duration on weekends (95% CI 0.10, 0.70), higher social jetlag (1.07 hours with a 95% CI of 0.87, 1.27), and an earlier chronotype. Morning shift students also had 0.85 hours longer sedentary time (95% CI 0.61, 1.10) and higher consumption of a meat and starchy food dietary pattern. Among boys only, morning shift was associated with a lower likelihood of smoking and higher consumption of a breakfast pattern. DiscussionOverall, attending a morning school shift was associated with shorter sleep, more social jetlag, greater sedentary time, and higher consumption of a meat and starchy diet. However, among boys, a few healthier behaviors were observed for the morning versus afternoon shift.

Characterization of an Aptamer Targeting Neu5Gc, as an Endogenous Pathogenic Factor Derived from Red Meat.

N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a sialic acid predominantly found in the non-neurohumoral fluids of hind-mouthed animals, is incapable of synthesizing Neu5Gc due to a deletion in the CMAH exon of the gene encoding human CMP-Neu5Gc hydroxylase. But consumption of animal-derived foods that contain Neu5Gc, such as red meat, can instigate an immune response in humans, as Neu5Gc is recognized as a foreign substance by the human immune system. This recognition leads to the production of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, subsequently resulting in chronic inflammation. When Neu5Gc is consumed excessively or frequently, it may contribute to the development of heart disease and cancer. This makes Neu5Gc, an endogenous pathogenic factor derived from red meat, a new hot topic in red meat safety research. In this study, aptamers obtained by the magnetic bead SELEX technique were subjected to homology and secondary structure prediction analysis as well as affinity determination. The result indicated that the aptamer 2B.N2A9 exhibited a robust binding affinity, with an affinity constant (Ka) of 1.87 × 108 L/mol. This aptamer demonstrated optimal binding specificity within a pH range of 5.4 to 7.4. Molecular docking analysis further revealed that aptamer 2B.N2A9 formed stable binding interactions with the target Neu5Gc at specific sites, namely G-14, C-15, G-13, G-58, G-60, and C-59. An Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Sorbent Assay (ELOSA) methodology was established to detect the endogenous pathogenic factor Neu5Gc present in red meat. This method demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.71 ng/mL, along with an average recovery rate of 92.23%. The aptamer obtained in this study exhibited favorable binding properties to Neu5Gc. The assay was relatively convenient and demonstrated good sensitivity. Further investigation into the distribution of Neu5Gc in various red meats is of public health significance and scientific potential. A practical detection method should be provided to guide red meat diets and ensure the nutrition and safety of meat products.

Motivators and barriers to plant-based product consumption across Aotearoa New Zealand flexitarians

Limited knowledge exists concerning Aotearoa New Zealand (A-NZ) flexitarians and their respective motivators and barriers towards consumption of novel plant-based products (PBPs) heralded as aids for dietary meat reduction. This study aimed to determine if A-NZ flexitarians, who have tried novel PBPs, can be segmented based on different motivators and barriers to meat reduction and PBP consumption, if the consumer profile of the different segments varies according to identified gender, generation group, neophobia and meat and PBP consumption frequency. It also aimed to identify sensory characteristics novel PBPs need to possess to be attractive to A-NZ flexitarians and if these vary across segments. PBP-consuming flexitarians (n = 584), stratified according to age (Millennial/Gen X), identified gender and meat consumption frequency, completed an online survey regarding a) their level of agreement regarding statements related to factors driving PBP consumption and flexitarianism in general, and b) their satisfaction with the sensory experience of consuming current PBPs. ‘Tastes good’ was the top-rated factor for selecting PBPs for all consumers, but most were dissatisfied with the sensory characteristics of current PBPs. K-means cluster analysis identified three flexitarian segments based on similarities and differences in key motivations and barriers to consume PBPs. Attitudes and behaviours related to nutrition/health, and social status attained from eating both PBPs and meat products, accounted for most variation across the respondents. Overall, higher food neophobia was associated with higher PBP consumption, suggesting that neophobia itself is not necessarily a barrier to PBP consumption in A-NZ flexitarians. Improving the sensory profiles of PBPs whilst delivering nutritional requirements presented as key considerations for future product development and research. This research highlights the importance of understanding the distinct values, attitudes and behaviours of different flexitarian groups as opposed to generalised research aimed at flexitarians per se.

A four-week dietary intervention with mycoprotein-containing food products reduces serum cholesterol concentrations in community-dwelling, overweight adults: A randomised controlled trial

BackgroundSubstituting dietary meat and fish for mycoprotein, a fungal-derived food source rich in protein and fibre, decreases circulating cholesterol concentrations in laboratory-controlled studies. However, whether these findings can be translated to a home-based setting, and to decrease cholesterol concentrations in overweight and hypercholesterolemic individuals, remains to be established. ObjectiveWe investigated whether a remotely-delivered, home-based dietary intervention of mycoprotein-containing food products would affect various circulating cholesterol moieties and other markers of cardio-metabolic health in overweight (BMI >27.5 kg·m-2) and hypercholesterolaemic (>5.0 mmol·L-1) adults. MethodsSeventy-two participants were randomized into a controlled, parallel-group trial conducted in a free-living setting, in which they received home deliveries of either meat/fish control products (CON; n=39; BMI 33±1 kg·m-2; 13 males, 26 females) or mycoprotein-containing food products (MYC; n=33; BMI 32±1 kg·m-2; 13 males, 20 females) for 4 weeks. Fingertip blood samples were collected and sent via postal service before and after the dietary intervention period and analysed for concentrations of serum lipids, blood glucose and c-peptide. ResultsSerum total cholesterol concentrations were unchanged throughout the intervention in CON, but decreased by 5±2% in MYC (from 5.4±0.2 to 5.1±0.2 mmol·L-1; P<0.05). Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were also unchanged in CON, but decreased in MYC by 10±3% and 6±2% (both by 0.3±0.1 mmol·L-1; P<0.05). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and free triglyceride concentrations were unaffected in CON or MYC. Post-intervention, MYC displayed lower mean blood glucose (3.7±0.2 versus 4.3±0.2 mmol·L-1) and c-peptide (779±76 vs. 1064±86 pmol·L-1) concentrations (P<0.05) vs. CON. ConclusionsWe show that a home-based dietary intervention of mycoprotein-containing food products effectively lowers circulating cholesterol concentrations in overweight, hypercholesterolemic adults. This demonstrates that mycoprotein consumption is a feasible and ecologically valid dietary strategy to improve markers of cardio-metabolic health in an at-risk population under free living conditions. Clinical trial registrationNCT04773483 (https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04773483)

An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom.

Raw meat diets (RMD) for dogs are an increasingly popular alternative pet food choice, however studies worldwide have demonstrated them to be contaminated with zoonotic and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, including bacteria resistant to critically important antibiotics. Despite this, few data exist surrounding the presence of these bacteria in RMD in the United Kingdom. The present study aimed to identify the most commonly selected RMD and non-raw diets (NRMD) by United Kingdom dog owners. Additionally, it investigated the presence of AMR-Enterobacteriaceae in samples of pre-prepared RMD and cooked commercial kibble dog foods. An online survey investigating diet preferences of United Kingdom dog owners was open for 6 weeks between February-March 2020. From this, the top 10 brands of pre-prepared raw and cooked kibble diets were ascertained and 134 samples purchased (110 RMD, 24 kibble) and subjected to microbiological testing. Bacterial enumeration of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae was undertaken, and the presence of Salmonella spp. and AMR-E. coli within samples determined. Whole genome sequencing was undertaken on Salmonella spp. and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant 3GCR-E. coli isolates. Pre-prepared RMD was most commonly selected by dog owners who fed RMD, and cooked commercial complete dry food was most frequently fed by owners who fed NRMD. Damaged and leaking packaging was observed in samples of RMD, alongside variability in information provided surrounding product traceability. Counts of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae exceeding >5,000 CFU/g were identified in samples of RMD. AMR-, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and 3GCR-E. coli was isolated from 39, 14 and 16% of RMD samples, respectively. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in 3GCR-E. coli isolates. Of the ESBL encoding genes, blaCTX-M-15 was most commonly identified. S. enterica was isolated from 5% of RMD samples. No Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from any of the cooked kibble samples. The present study suggests that pre-prepared RMD available for dogs in the United Kingdom can be contaminated with zoonotic and AMR-Enterobacteriaceae. RMDs, therefore, are potentially an important One Health concern. Veterinary and medical professionals, pet food retailers and pet owners should be aware of these risks; and stringent hygiene measures should be practiced if owners choose to feed RMD.

Influence of Early Qualitative Feed Restriction and Barrier Perch Access on Some Meat Quality Traits, Growth Performance, and Diet Cost Analysis in Broiler Chickens

Abstract In this trial, the effects of early qualitative feed restriction and barrier perch access on some meat quality traits, growth performance, and diet cost analysis of broiler chickens were investigated. A total of 504 1-d-old male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to four treatments (qualitative feed restriction − QFR; absence-/presence+ and barrier perch − BP; absence-/presence+) with three replicate pens in a completely randomised design involving a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Broiler chickens in the treatment of QFR- were fed with a corn-soybean meal diet containing protein and energy at the level specified in the commercial hybrid catalogue during d 0−42. The treatment of QFR+ was fed with a corn-soybean meal diet containing lower energy (10%) and protein (20%) for the first 21 d, and then between d 22 and 42, they were fed with a diet specified in the commercial hybrid catalogue. In the treatment of BP+, the barrier perch was placed between the feeder and the drinker. Meat quality traits (pH, lightness − L*, redness − a*, yellowness − b*, chroma, hue angle, and cooking loss − CL), growth performance (body weight − BW, body weight gain − BWG, feed intake − FI, and feed conversion ratio − FCR), and diet cost analysis (total diet cost and diet cost per unit weight gain) were recorded. Except for the a* value and hue angle measured at 24-h post-slaughter, the effect of QFR treatments on meat quality traits was insignificant in all measurements. During d 0−42, in the treatments of QFR+, BW, BWG, and FI were lower (P&lt;0.0001, and P=0.005, respectively), and FCR was worse (P=0.014). The QFR treatments did not differ significantly in dietary cost per unit weight gained during d 0−42. As a result, it can be said that early qualitative feed restriction did not significantly affect meat quality traits. The treatment of QFR+ resulted in reduced growth performance. However, diet cost per unit weight gain showed similar values in both QFR treatments (QFR+ €0.75, QFR- €0.76, P=0.511).

Burden of ischemic stroke attributable to a high red meat diet in China, 1990-2019: analysis based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

The burden of ischemic stroke (IS) linked to high consumption of red meat is on the rise. This study aimed to analyze the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trends for IS attributed to high red meat intake in China between 1990 and 2019 and to compare these trends with global trends. This study extracted data on IS attributed to diets high in red meat in China from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Key measures, including mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR), were used to estimate the disease burden. The estimated annual percentage change and joinpoint regression models were employed to assess the trends over time. An age-period-cohort analysis was used to assess the contribution of a diet high in red meat to the age, period, and cohort effects of IS ASMR and ASDR. Between 1990 and 2019, deaths and DALYs from IS attributed to a diet high in red meat in China, along with corresponding age-standardized rates, significantly increased. The overall estimated annual percentage change for the total population and across sex categories ranged from 1.01 to 2.08. The average annual percentage changes for overall ASDR and ASMR were 1.4 and 1.33, respectively, with male ASDR and ASMR average annual percentage changes at 1.69 and 1.69, respectively. Contrastingly, female ASDR and ASMR average annual percentage changes were 1.07 and 0.87, respectively. Except for a few periods of significant decrease in females, all other periods indicated a significant increase or nonsignificant changes. Incidence of IS linked to a diet high in red meat rose sharply with age, displaying increasing period and cohort effects in ASDR. Female ASMR period and cohort effect ratios initially increased and then decreased, whereas the male ratio showed an upward trend. This study comprehensively analyzed epidemiological characteristics that indicated a marked increase in mortality and DALYs from IS attributable to high red meat consumption, contrasting with a global downtrend. This increase was more pronounced in males than females. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing IS prevention in China.

Bone mineral density and body composition in Australians following plant-based diets vs. regular meat diets.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition play an important role in maintaining metabolic health and physical functioning. Plant-based diets (PBDs) are known to be lower in protein and calcium, which can impact BMD and body composition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between various PBDs compared to regular meat diet and whole-body BMD, body composition, and weight status. A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults (n = 240) aged 30-75 years, who habitually followed dietary patterns: vegan, lacto-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or regular meat eater (48 per group). Parameters were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and multivariable regression analyses were used to adjust for lifestyle confounders, socioeconomic factors, and BMI. After adjustments, whole-body BMD and body composition were not significantly different between those following PBDs and regular meat diets, except for lacto-ovo vegetarians, who had significantly lower lean mass by -1.46 kg (CI: -2.78, -0.13). Moreover, lacto-ovo vegetarians had a significantly lower T-score by -0.41 SD (CI: -0.81, -0.01) compared to regular meat eaters. Waist circumference was significantly lower in individuals adhering to a PBD compared to a regular meat diet: vegans by -4.67 cm (CI: -8.10, -1.24), lacto-ovo vegetarians by -3.92 cm (CI: -6.60, -1.23), pesco-vegetarians by -3.24 cm (CI: -6.09, -0.39), and semi-vegetarians by -5.18 cm (CI: -7.79, -2.57). There were no significant differences in lean mass (%), fat mass (% and total), android/gynoid measures, body weight, or BMI across dietary patterns. All dietary patterns met the recommended dietary intake for calcium and protein, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D status was comparable across groups. This cross-sectional study found that adhering to a PBD characterized by varying degrees of dairy and meat restriction is not associated with meaningful changes in BMD or body composition, provided that the dietary patterns are planned appropriately with adequate levels of calcium and protein.

Formes de sacrifice animal, alimentation et dissimulations médiatiques

The aim of this article is to discuss the thesis that we live today in a society and historical moment that is losing the meaning of sacrifice, that is, the relevant links that unite—with regard to the theme of the meat diet and the prior killing of the animal for food—man and animals, man and other men through the animal, the animal with other animals through man, with the necessary inclusion of the cultural context, on the one hand, and of divinity and the sacred, on the other. In this respect, a corpus of texts will be analysed which, at first sight, is heterogeneous and heterodox: television programmes, theme parks, social advertising, films, etc., to reconstruct the contemporary imaginary of sacrifice.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МУЛЬТИВИТАМИННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА зООТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГИБРИДНОГО МОЛОДНЯКА КРОЛИКОВ НА ОТКОРМЕ

The problem of increasing the production of highquality, profitable and in-demand livestock products on the market is acute at the present stage of agricultural development. Rabbit breeding today is a promising branch of beef farming, the main product of which is highquality dietary meat. The article presents the results of a study of age dynamics and live weight gain of hybrid young rabbits for fattening when different doses of the multivitamin complex “NutriCel” are included in their diet. From August to October 2023, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the territory of the rabbit breeding farm of Russian Rabbit LLC, Kostroma district, Kostroma region. As a result of the scientific experiment, the following data were obtained: the best results were obtained in experimental group No. 2, the animals of which were fed 0.5 ml/animal/day: a significant increase in live weight of young fattening rabbits was 3.06 kg (P≤0.05), which is 0.11 kg (3.59%) more than the control. The absolute increase had an advantage over the analogues of the control and experimental groups No. 1 and No. 3 by 20 g (6.4%; P≤0.01). The average daily gain was higher by 2.64 g (5.77%; P≤0.01) compared with peers in the control group. The relative increase exceeded the control by 0.14% (1.41%). At the same time, the safety of the young animals was 100%. In order to increase live weight gain, we recommend including the multi-vitamin complex “NutriCel” in the diet of rabbits with a dosage of 0.5 ml/bird/day for preventive purposes within 3–5 days from the moment of weaning. It showed a positive effect not only on the zootechnical parameters of young rabbits, but also on immunity in general.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МУЛЬТИВИТАМИННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА зООТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГИБРИДНОГО МОЛОДНЯКА КРОЛИКОВ НА ОТКОРМЕ

The problem of increasing the production of highquality, profitable and in-demand livestock products on the market is acute at the present stage of agricultural development. Rabbit breeding today is a promising branch of beef farming, the main product of which is highquality dietary meat. The article presents the results of a study of age dynamics and live weight gain of hybrid young rabbits for fattening when different doses of the multivitamin complex “NutriCel” are included in their diet. From August to October 2023, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the territory of the rabbit breeding farm of Russian Rabbit LLC, Kostroma district, Kostroma region. As a result of the scientific experiment, the following data were obtained: the best results were obtained in experimental group No. 2, the animals of which were fed 0.5 ml/animal/day: a significant increase in live weight of young fattening rabbits was 3.06 kg (P≤0.05), which is 0.11 kg (3.59%) more than the control. The absolute increase had an advantage over the analogues of the control and experimental groups No. 1 and No. 3 by 20 g (6.4%; P≤0.01). The average daily gain was higher by 2.64 g (5.77%; P≤0.01) compared with peers in the control group. The relative increase exceeded the control by 0.14% (1.41%). At the same time, the safety of the young animals was 100%. In order to increase live weight gain, we recommend including the multi-vitamin complex “NutriCel” in the diet of rabbits with a dosage of 0.5 ml/bird/day for preventive purposes within 3–5 days from the moment of weaning. It showed a positive effect not only on the zootechnical parameters of young rabbits, but also on immunity in general.

Русь и Орда: возможности реконструкции экономических процессов методами археозоологии

Our analysis of archaeozoological collections found on archaeological sites allowed to build a complex picture of the meat diet of medieval settlements in Eastern Europe and to reconstruct the structure of meat supply in Eastern European towns and villages in forest, forest-steppe and steppe areas, as well as to determine the similarities and differences in this structure across different landscapes and cultural zones. We found that the dominant meat in the diet of the medieval population in all studied landscapes, regardless of settlement form was beef. For Rus’ towns, which existed for several centuries, we identified the tendency to increase the share of beef in the meat diet from the early (12th century) to the latest (16th century and later) periods. Beef also dominated the meat consumption of townspeople in the Golden Horde in the 13th–14th centuries.&#x0D; The study shows that cattle were raised in rural settlements and regularly delivered to the towns for hides and meat. Nomadic cattle, such as sheep and horses were delivered to the towns and slaughtered episodically to produce hides. In the artisanal quarters of the towns, our archaeozoological research registered accumulations of domestic ungulate bones with a specific taxonomic and anatomical set – the remains of large-scale slaughter of nomadic and rural livestock. These quarters also did the primary processing of hides – our study found clear markers of processing industries in archaeozoological collections. The study of isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in more than 150 bone samples of domestic ungulates of forest and steppe areas proved the feasibility of using 13C isotope tags to capture the status of domestic ungulates: local and outsider; 15N isotope signals describe the contribution of farmed fodder to the diet of specific animals. We managed to discover the movement of nomadic steppe cattle from the arid zone for slaughtering and hides to the forest-steppe Bolgar town, and to record the fact of cattle exchange between steppe and forest territories, as well as between different regions of medieval Rus’.

Effects of pork sausage on intestinal microecology and metabolism in mice.

Processed meat, as an important part of the human diet, has been recognized as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Although numerous epidemiological reports supported the IARC's view, the relevant evidence of a direct association between processed meat and carcinogenicity has been insufficient and the mechanism has been unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of pork sausage (as a representative example of processed meat) intake on gut microbial communities and metabolites of mice. Microbial communities and metabolites from all groups were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), respectively. The levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, Prevotella_9, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alistipes, Blautia, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Allobaculum, Helicobacter, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 and Streptococcus (P < 0.05) were obviously altered in the mice fed a pork sausage diet. Twenty-seven metabolites from intestinal content samples and fourteen matabolites from whole blood samples were identified as potential biomarkers from multivariate analysis, including Phosphatidic acid (PA), Sphingomyelin (SM), Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), Diglyceride (DG), D-maltose, N-acylamides and so forth. The significant changes in these biomarkers demonstrate metabonomic variations in pork sausage treated rats, especially carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The present study provided evidence that a processed meat diet can increase the risk of colorectal cancer and other diseases significantly by altering the microbial community structure and disrupting the body's metabolic pathways. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sense of coherence and nutritional maturity versus the feeling of stress among young adults

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the interdependencies between the sense of coherence, nutritional maturity and the sense of stress in a group of young adults, considering their diet. Ultimately, research efforts were aimed at testing the predictive power of the study variables against the feeling of stress. Method: The study was conducted in a group of 100 people in the 20–33 age range that were following either a vegetarian and meat diet. The Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, the Nutritional Maturity Questionnaire (Potocka &amp; Najder, 2016) and the Sense of Stress Questionnaire (Plopa &amp; Makarowski, 2010) were applied. Results: The results indicate a significantly lower intensity of emotional tension, intrapsychic, external and general stress, as well as significantly higher indicators of the sense of coherence and nutritional maturity in the group of vegetarians. Moreover, nutritional maturity was found to be negatively correlated to the sense of stress, while the sense of coherence was noted to be positively correlated to the nutritional maturity. In the end, it was demonstrated that the sense of coherence played an important role in predicting stress as experienced by young adults. Conclusion: The research provided important knowledge on the relationship between attitudes towards nutrition and experiencing stress in a group of young adults.

Dietary Protein Intake, Health-related Quality of Life and Sleep Quality of Malaysians

Introduction: The Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey and National Health and Morbidity Surveys revealed a significant shift in protein intake with increased meat and seafood consumption. Concomitantly, non-communicable diseases (NCD) increased and were linked to poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep quality. Protein intake, particularly from the animal source, is a modifiable nutrition parameter affecting HRQoL and sleep quality. This study investigated the association between different animal proteins, HRQoL and sleep quality in the Malaysian population. Methods: One hundred and fifty Malaysian adults were recruited and subjected to validated questionnaires to assess their protein intake, HRQoL and sleep quality. Additionally, their BMI and waist circumference were measured. Associations between all study parameters were analyzed. Results: There was no statistically significant association between protein intake, BMI, and waist circumference. Increased diet of white meat and seafood was linked to a lower risk of NCDs, improved overall HRQoL, and better sleep quality. Contrastingly, increased red meat consumption was associated with a higher risk of NCDs, poor physical and social function, and worsening sleep quality. Conclusion: The type of animal dietary protein consumed, as well as the frequency with which white and red meat, and seafood are consumed, can all have an effect on HRQoL and sleep quality. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of protein intake levels on HRQoL and sleep quality, including understanding the physiological processes involved. These data will be able to assist health professionals in personalised nutritional and patient management.

New Insights into Polygenic Score-Lifestyle Interactions for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors from Genome-Wide Interaction Analyses.

The relationship between lifestyles and cardiometabolic outcomes varies between individuals. In 382,275 UK Biobank Europeans, we investigate how lifestyles interact with polygenic scores (PGS) of cardiometabolic risk factors. We identify six interactions (PGS for body mass index with meat diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and insomnia; PGS for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with sedentary behaviour; PGS for triglycerides with meat diet) in multivariable linear regression models including an interaction term and show stronger associations between lifestyles and cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals with high PGSs than those with low PGSs. Genome-wide interaction analyses pinpoint three genetic variants (FTO rs72805613 for BMI; CETP rs56228609 for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRIB2 rs4336630 for triglycerides; PInteraction < 5 × 10-8). The associations between lifestyles and cardiometabolic risk factors differ between individuals grouped by the genotype of these variants, with the degree of differences being similar to that between individuals with high and low values for the corresponding PGSs. This study demonstrates that associations between lifestyles and cardiometabolic risk factors can differ between individuals based upon their genetic profiles. It further suggests that genetic variants with interaction effects contribute more to such differences compared to those without interaction effects, which has potential implications for developing PGSs for personalised intervention.

Quantitative profiling of supersulfides naturally occurring in dietary meats and beans

Sulfur is essential in the inception of life and crucial for maintaining human health. This mineral is primarily supplied through the intake of proteins and is used for synthesizing various sulfur-containing biomolecules. Recent research has highlighted the biological significance of endogenous supersulfides, which include reactive persulfide species and sulfur catenated residues in thiol and proteins. Ingestion of exogenous sulfur compounds is essential for endogenous supersulfide production. However, the content and composition of supersulfides in foods remain unclear. This study investigated the supersulfide profiles of protein-rich foods, including edible animal meat and beans. Quantification of the supersulfide content revealed that natto, chicken liver, and bean sprouts contained abundant supersulfides. In general, the supersulfide content in beans and their derivatives was higher than that in animal meat. The highest proportion (2.15 %) was detected in natto, a traditional Japanese fermented soybean dish. These results suggest that the abundance of supersulfides, especially in foods like natto and bean sprouts, may contribute to their health-promoting properties. Our findings may have significant biological implications and warrant developing novel dietary intervention for the human health-promoting effects of dietary supersulfides abundantly present in protein-rich foods such as natto and bean sprouts.

Analysis of different plant- and animal-based dietary patterns and their relationship with serum uric acid levels in Chinese adults

BackgroundDietary patterns play an important role in regulating serum uric acid levels in the body, but evidence for the association between different kinds of plant-based and animal-based dietary patterns and individual serum uric acid levels is scarce and inconsistent.MethodsWe analyzed data from the sixth wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. The plant-based diet of 7,806 participants was determined using three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, and latent profile analysis was used to identify dietary patterns among participants. Serum uric acid levels were analyzed using the enzymatic colorimetric method. The association between intakes of different types of dietary pattern and individual serum uric acid levels was analyzed using linear regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsWe identified three types of plant-based dietary patterns, namely, low tuber starches and vegetable plant-based diet (LTVP), high cereal, tuber starches and vegetable plant-based diet (HCTVP), and high legume and fruit plant-based diet (HLFP). We also identified three types of animal-based dietary patterns, namely, high milk and egg animal-based diet (HMiEA), low egg and fish animal-based diet, and high meat and fish animal-based diet (HMeFA). Significant coefficients for participant serum uric acid levels were observed for the HCTVP diet (β = −0.022, P = 0.031) and HMeFA diet (β = 0.061, P < 0.001). The median intake of foods in the HCTVP diet was as follows: cereals and cereal products, 444.83 g/d; tubers and starch products, 166.67 g/d; dried legumes and legume products, 8.33 g/d; vegetables and vegetable products, 333.33 g/d; and fruits and fruit products, 0 g/d. The median intake of foods in the HMeFA diet was as follows: meat and meat products, 73.33 g/d; poultry and poultry products, 0 g/d; milk and milk products, 0 g/d; eggs and egg products, 26.67 g/d; and fish, shellfish, and mollusks, 180.00 g/d.ConclusionWe showed that individual serum uric acid levels (1) might decrease under the plant-based HCTVP diet, (2) might increase under the animal-based HMeFA diet, (3) might not decrease under the plant-based HLFP diet, and (4) might not increase under the animal-based HMiEA diet. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations.

Distinct modes and intensity of bird exploitation at the dawn of agriculture in the Upper Euphrates and Tigris River basins

Early Neolithic avifaunas excavated at the sites of Göbekli Tepe and Gusir Höyük illustrate two entirely different modes of bird exploitation in south-eastern Anatolia during the 10th and 9th millennia BCE, which prompted us the re-evaluation of other substantial bird bone assemblages from contemporaneous sites in the upper basins of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. We thus compared the range and diversity of species captured, seasonal aspects of bird hunting, and types of habitats exploited by Near Eastern communities of foragers at the dawn of agriculture. Fowling practices in the Upper Euphrates catchment aimed at multiple avifaunal resources in varied habitats explaining high taxonomic diversity in the respective assemblages. Overall, the proportions of birds, mammals and fish in the diet were similar in all sites. In contrast, meat diet in the Upper Tigris River basin proved less culturally uniform. The contribution of birds, fish and mammals to the diet varied significantly between sites. Our study also showed that avifaunal diversity was very low at some sites in the Tigris basin suggesting an overall limited interest and time commitment to this economic activity there. An intensification of bird hunting in autumn and winter was observed in both areas.