Measured Growth Rates Research Articles

Modeling of solidification processes under consideration of particle transport in the melt under terrestrial and microgravity conditions

In this work the interaction of solid particles with the moving water-ice solidification front under terrestrial and microgravity conditions is studied by numerical simulations as well as by experiments. A global, three-dimensional, time-dependent model is used to simulate the solidification processes taking into account buoyant convection and the injection of the particles, their transport through the fluid and their interaction with the moving interface. In basic parameter studies without considering any particle transport and interaction, the thermal conditions of the solidification processes in the module were systematically varied and their influence on the position and shape of the solidification front investigated. It was found that there is only a minor influence on the pure solidification process whether the experiments are carried out under terrestrial or microgravity conditions. Also, the orientation of gravity relative to the solidification direction plays only a minor role. For the simulation of the TEXUS 56 sounding rocket experiment, the injection of the particles, their transport through the fluid and their interaction with the interface were considered in the simulations. The simulation results of the TEXUS 56 experiment agree reasonably to the experimental data. In both cases, a transition from a convex to a concave solidification front is observed. The calculated and measured growth rates are also in the same range and finally it was confirmed by the model that the injection of the particles causes a forced flow, which disturbs the solidification process for a short time period. Once the injection process is stopped, the forced flow decays quickly. The resulting particle distribution is comparable in experiment and simulation and no significant particle movement in the fluid is observed.

Dynamics of parasite growth in genetically diverse Plasmodium falciparum isolates

Multiple parasite lineages with different proliferation rates or fitness may coexist within a clinical malaria isolate, resulting in complex growth interactions and variations in phenotype. To elucidate the dynamics of parasite growth in multiclonal isolates, we measured growth rates (GRs) of three Plasmodium falciparum Cambodian isolates, including IPC_3445 (MRA-1236), IPC_5202 (MRA-1240), IPC_6403 (MRA-1285), and parasite lineages previously cloned from each of these isolates by limiting dilution. Following synchronization, in vitro cultures of each parasite line were maintained over four consecutive asexual cycles (192 h), with thin smears prepared at each 48-h cycle to estimate GR and fold change in parasitemia (FCP). Cell cycle time (CCT), the duration it takes for ring-stage parasites to develop into mature schizonts, was measured by monitoring the development of 0–3-h post-invasion rings for up to 52 h post-incubation. Laboratory lines 3D7 (MRA-102) and Dd2 (MRA-150) were used as controls. Significant differences in GR, FCP, and CCT were observed between parasite isolates and clonal lineages from each isolate. The parasite lines studied here have well-defined growth phenotypes and will facilitate basic malaria research and development of novel malaria interventions. These lines are available to malaria researchers through the MR4 collection of NIAID’s BEI Resources Program.

A NOVEL EXPLORATORY APPROACH OF VALIDATION AND STANDARDIZATION FOR TEST METHODS AND EVALUATORS TO CONDUCT SAFETY AND EFFICACY CLINICAL TESTING OF HAIR GROWTH PRODUCTS

Background: There is an explosion of cosmeceuticals and hair products in the modern world. Despite the high prevalence and impact on quality of life, there are no gold standards for qualitative and quantitative methods are established available for standardization and validation purposes. This study aimed to standardize Aims: the hair tests and methodology for all researchers. It demonstrates the standardize and validate the methods (Non-invasive and SemiInvasive methods) such as the 60-second hair combing test, pull test, pluck test, trichogram review, phototrichogram test, standardizing the hair growth rate measurement, scoring of hair quality general appearance and scalp condition - evaluations techniques and procedural steps. This study standardized and validated different variabl Methods: es and all the above-mentioned techniques and procedural steps which were assessed by phototrichogram and equipment such as CASLite Nova on healthy adult human subjects. The positive correlation was shown between th Results: e Dermatologist and the Dermatologist's Trained Evaluators' and these correlations were highly significant for all three evaluators. During phototrichogram evaluations, all pairs p-values were found >0.05 (except pairs 15 and 17), showing that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean value of the evaluator. All the p-value for the pull test of independence is not significant for pull test results and showed that all three evaluators (evaluator#1, 2, 3) values are dependent and related to each other's showing a correlation among them. For the pluck test, the results of the evaluators' readings the Pearson correlation is near to “+1 or +0.5” for Evaluators #1 and 2 indicating that there was a positive correlation between the Dermatologist and Evaluators #1 and 2. We established the standards to perfo Conclusions: rm test methods with the least minimal variability for phototrichogram, microscopical evaluation, and statistically significant correlations between the evaluator for the above-mentioned techniques, and statistically significant correlation between the dermatologist and evaluators to confirm that the designated evaluator is Dermatologist Trained and Validated to perform the methods efficacy claims substantiation for Hair Growth products. This standardization will assist the post graduate students as well as practitioners in the field of research and dermatology.

Highly conserved thermal performance strategies may limit adaptive potential in corals.

Increasing seawater temperatures are expected to have profound consequences for reef-building corals' physiology. Understanding how demography changes in response to chronic exposure to warming will help forecast how coral communities will respond to climate change. Here, we measure growth rates of coral fragments of four common species, while exposing them to temperatures ranging from 19°C to 31°C for one month to calibrate their thermal-performance curves (TPCs). Our results show that, while there are contrasting differences between species, the shape of the TPCs was remarkably consistent among individuals of the same species. The low variation in thermal sensitivity within species may imply a reduced capacity for rapid adaptive responses to future changes in thermal regimes. Additionally, interspecific differences in thermal responses show a negative relationship between maximum growth and thermal optima, contradicting expectations derived from the classic 'warmer-is-better' hypothesis. Among species, there was a trade-off between current and future growth, whereby most species perform well under current thermal regimes but are susceptible to future increases in temperature. Increases in water temperature with climate change are likely to reduce growth rates, further hampering future coral reef recovery rates and potentially altering community composition.

3D grain growth in nanocrystalline Al via molecular dynamics: Influence of size, topology and integral mean curvature on grain kinetics

Grain growth in nanosized polycrystalline Al was studied via molecular dynamics. In particular, the volumetric growth rate of grains as a function of size, topology and mean curvature was analyzed. To this aim, an algorithm for the identification of the topological features and calculation of the mean curvature was developed. It was found that in average grains with ≈15 faces have zero integral mean curvature and show no change in volume implying that the critical number of face (Fcr) is ≈15. Furthermore, integral mean curvature of grains was found to be linearly correlated with the difference between the number of faces grains have and the average number of faces of their neighbors, F−<FNN>. That is, a grain with F−<FNN>=0 tends to have zero integral mean curvature and neither shrinks nor grows whereas grains with F−<FNN> greater than 0 grow and those with F−<FNN> less than 0 shrink. This agrees with the theoretical expectations from MacPherson–Srolovitz relationship and topology based descriptions of grain growth. Nonetheless, considering individual grain kinetics, the comparison of theoretical predictions (MacPherson–Srolovitz relationship, F−<FNN> and topological class) with measured growth rates showed more scatter. In addition, the deviation between the models and the measure values occurred for grains having a substantial relative size difference with the average grain size (|Rgrain−<R>|) and grains with relatively high |F−Fcr|. These grains also had average turning angles at triple lines (βTJ), which differed from the average equilibrium value expected in isotropic metals, π/3, but were consistent with grain growth under finite triple line mobility. This seems to confirm the existence of triple junction drag at the nanocrystalline length scale, which is not accounted for in classical theoretical models.

Revisiting Baumol’s growth disease in Japan

This study analyzes the cause of secular stagnation in Japan after the economic bubble and its association with industrial structural change, specifically Baumol’s growth disease (BGD). Our analysis updates Nishi and focuses on the period between 1995 and 2018 using the latest version of the JIP (Japan Industrial Productivity) database. Then, we ask “Is Japan suffering from BGD?” Our approach includes decomposition of the aggregate labor productivity growth rate, fixed-share growth rate (FSGR) measurement, and a transition probability matrix. The decomposition reveals that the within-sector effect (WSE) is the main source of aggregate labor productivity. The reallocation growth effect (RGE), which measures BGD, was negative for both the short- and long-run averages of the post-1995 period. This period is different from the previous one, as the WSE declined significantly, and the considerable decline in the WSE can be seen as a major factor in Japan’s stagnation over the past 30 years. During this stagnation, BGD silently undermined the Japanese economy, albeit as a secondary effect. Furthermore, our FSGR and transition probability matrix show that persists and is infectious in Japan. Sectors that undergo BGD tend to persist in this state, and even when one sector is in a non-BGD state, it is more likely to develop BGD.

Do metastable polymorphs always grow faster? Measuring and comparing growth kinetics of three polymorphs of tolfenamic acid.

The phenomenon of molecular crystal polymorphism is of central importance for all those industries that rely on crystallisation for the manufacturing of their products. Computational methods for the evaluation of thermodynamic properties of polymorphs have become incredibly accurate and a priori prediction of crystal structures is becoming routine. The computational study and prediction of the kinetics of crystallisation impacting polymorphism, however, have received considerably less attention despite their crucial role in directing crystallisation outcomes. This is mainly due to the lack of available experimental data, as nucleation and growth kinetics of polymorphs are generally difficult to measure. On the one hand, the determination of overall nucleation and growth kinetics through batch experiments suffers from unwanted polymorphic transformations or the absence of experimental conditions under which several polymorphs can be nucleated. On the other hand, growth rates of polymorphs obtained from measurements of single crystals are often only recorded along a few specific crystal dimensions, thus lacking information about overall growth and rendering an incomplete picture of the problem. In this work, we measure the crystal growth kinetics of three polymorphs (I, II and IX) of tolfenamic acid (TFA) in isopropanol solutions, with the intention of providing a meaningful comparison of their growth rates. First, we analyse the relation between the measured growth rates and the crystal structures of the TFA polymorphs. We then explore ways to compare their relative growth rates and discuss their significance when trying to determine which polymorph grows faster. Using approximations for describing the volume of TFA crystals, we show that while crystals of the metastable TFA-II grow the fastest at all solution concentrations, crystals of the metastable TFA-IX become kinetically competitive as the driving force for crystallisation increases. Overall, both metastable forms TFA-II and TFA-IX grow faster than the stable TFA-I.

A Bayesian multi‐stage modelling framework to evaluate impacts of energy development on wildlife populations: an application to greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)

Increased demand for domestic production of renewable energy has led to expansion of energy infrastructure across western North America. Much of the western U.S. comprises remote landscapes that are home to a variety of vegetation communities and wildlife species, including the imperiled sagebrush ecosystem and indicator species such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Geothermal sources in particular have potential for continued development across the western U.S. but impacts to greater sage-grouse and other species are unknown. To address this information gap, we describe a novel two-pronged methodology that analyzes impacts of geothermal energy production on pattern and process of greater sage-grouse populations using (a) before-after control-impact (BACI) measures of population growth and lek absence rates and (b) concurrent-to-operation evaluations of demographic rates. Growth and absence rate analyses utilized 14 years of lek survey data collected prior (2005–2011) and concurrent (2012–2018) to geothermal operations at two sites in Nevada, USA. Demographic analyses utilized relocation data, restricted inference to concurrent years, and incorporated 17 additional control sites. Demographic results were applied to >100 potential geothermal sites distributed across the study region to generate spatially explicit predictions of unrealized population-level impacts.•State-space and generalized linear models yield estimates of population growth and lek absence rates, respectively, before and after the onset of geothermal energy production; distances ranging from 2–30 km are evaluated as alternative control-impact footprint hypotheses; this provides inference about the spatial extent as well as the magnitude of impacts associated with geothermal development.•Estimation of important population demographic rates are implemented to investigate the processes by which geothermal energy development might reduce population growth; independent estimates of confounding, environmental effects from 17 control sites are made spatially explicit within ‘impact’ models to establish baseline conditions otherwise masked by collinearity.•Population matrix models are built using estimates from demographic analyses to provide landscape mapping of impacts associated with potential geothermal sites.

Proof of concept for measuring growth of shelf marine calcifiers: ‘a Bryozoan odyssey’

Context The variation observed in growth rate estimates of bryozoans raise questions regarding the validity of the methods used to measure growth in these animals. Naturally, the best way for measuring growth rate is to understand the growth in situ, but access is not always straightforward. Aims This study assesses a field experiment for measuring in situ growth of heavily calcified bryozoans in the open ocean at 56 m, the deepest such deployment attempted for bryozoans. Methods Cellaria immersa colonies were collected by dredge from the continental shelf off Otago, marked using calcein, mounted on a purpose-built frame, called ‘Odyssey’, and returned to the shelf for 3 months in the Austral summer (November–February). Key results Data from 10 internodes indicated that growth was, on average, 0.97 ± 0.84 mm year−1 and showed some interesting intracolonial growth patterns. Conclusions and implications The data obtained from this study are only indicative at this stage, but we have succeeded in developing a reproducible experimental set-up for in situ growth experiments of shelf bryozoans, enabling us to record growth, lifespan, and calcification rates of heavily calcified and ecologically important species. Understanding such key species is critical to identifying their role in the ecosystem and providing valuable information for future conservation initiatives.

多枝柽柳年轮生长速率测量及TRGR指标优势分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 多枝柽柳年轮生长速率测量及TRGR指标优势分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202202080312 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 欧盟Erasmus+项目（598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP） Tree-ring growth rate measurement of Tamarix ramosissima and tree-ring growth rate index superiority analysis Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: This work was supported by the GIS and RS for Sustainable Forestry and Ecology（598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP） 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:灌木对生境和气候变化具有高度敏感性，其年轮资料在认识区域环境演变过程、全球气候变化和环境保护中具有重要作用。灌木植株在生长过程中受遗传和极端环境的影响，年轮常出现偏心和不规则生长，这使得专业年轮分析软件测量的年轮宽度数据难以准确反映其整体径向生长信息。为探讨适合于寒旱区灌木年轮学研究的年轮测量指标和测量方法，研究以该区域荒漠常见植物多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.）为研究对象，通过U-net深度学习方法，获得年轮提取训练模型，自动获取扫描轮盘各年早材区域。轮盘扫描及语义分割后的图像经GIS配准赋坐标、ENVI图像处理后，借助GIS编辑和测量工具，完成多枝柽柳各年年轮生长速率（Tree-ring growth rate，TRGR）、年轮宽度（Tree-ring width，TRW）和树木基部断面积生长增量（Basal area increment，BAI）的测量；研究基于Timesat Savitzky-Golay （S-G）滤波时间序列拟合，获取点样尺度归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）季节曲线峰值、季节开始时的增长速率、大季节积分和季节结束时的值等7个关键参数。将多枝柽柳TRGR、TRW和BAI测量结果与NDVI季节曲线关键参数进行相关性分析，检验TRGR指标的合理性，分析指标优势。结果表明：测量的多枝柽柳TRGR指标与点样尺度NDVI关键参数间存在高度正相关，最高相关系数达0.98。TRGR指标不仅能够反映多枝柽柳年轮整体径向生长情况，而且可以有效去除年轮指标中的胸径趋势，突显指标环境趋势，有利于解决树木年轮学中指标去趋势难的问题。TRGR与TRW和BAI指标相比优势明显，可以作为灌木年轮学研究的新代用指标。研究结果为多枝柽柳年轮信息重构NDVI或反之提供了有利证据。研究构建的年轮测量方法相比于专业年轮分析系统具有更为多样的测量手段。研究结果可推动寒旱区灌木年轮学发展。 Abstract:Shrubs are highly sensitive to habitat and climate change, and its tree-ring data plays an important role in understanding regional environmental evolution, global climate change and environmental protection. Due to the influence of heredity and extreme environment during shrub growth, the growth rings often have serious eccentricity and irregular growth, which makes it difficult for the tree-ring width measurement by professional tree-ring analysis software to accurately reflect the overall radial growth information. In order to explore the measuring indexes and methods of tree-ring, which are suitable for study on shrub dendrochronology in cold and arid regions, this study takes Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., a common desert plant in this region, as the study object. Based on U-net deep learning method, we created the training model of Tamarix ramosissima tree-ring extraction, which would automatically obtain each year tree-ring springwood area of scanning disc. After tree-ring scanning image and semantic segmentation image were processed by GIS assigning measurement coordinates and ENVI image processing, tree-ring growth rate (TRGR), tree-ring width (TRW), and basal area increment (BAI) of tamarix ramosissima were measured by using GIS editing and measurement tools. Based on Timesat Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filtering time series fitting, seven key parameters of seasonal curve of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were obtained at point-scale, including peak value, rate of increase at the beginning of the season, large seasonal integral and value for the end of the season etc. The correlation between TRGR, TRW, BAI and the key parameters of NDVI seasonal curve were analyzed to test the rationality and to analyze the advantages of TRGR index. The results show that there are high positive correlations between TRGR index of Tamarix ramosissima and the key parameters of point-scale NDVI seasonal curve. The highest correlation coefficient is 0.98.TRGR index can not only reflect the overall radial growth of tree-ring, but also effectively remove trend of diameter at breast height (DBH) in tree-ring index and highlight the index's environmental trend, which is helpful to solve the problem of index detrending in dendrochronology. Compared with TRW and BAI, TRGR index has obvious advantages and it can be used as a new index for shrub dendrochronology. The results provide evidence for NDVI reconstruction from tree-ring information of tamarix ramosissima or vice versa. Research methods have more diverse means than the professional tree-ring analysis system measurement. The results can promote the development of shrub dendrochronology in cold and arid regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Growth rates of pelagic Sargassum species in the Mexican Caribbean

The recent recurring blooms of pelagic Sargassum spp. (sargasso) in the tropical Atlantic forming the Great Atlantic Sargasso Belt, are composed of distinct algal species and morphological forms, for which little understanding of basic development exists. Growth rate measurements across a range of environmental conditions in semi-controlled settings may aid in understanding the blooms. However, measuring the growth of this pelagic seaweed has proved to be challenging, as it tends to lose vigor in standard culturing systems. This work describes in-situ and ex-situ culture systems, that mimicked the pelagic condition by keeping the algae in motion. Growth rates measured in both systems were comparable, and in the same order of magnitude as those measured for sargasso in the Sargasso Sea. The morphotype VIII of the species S. natans, which became abundant with the blooms, had a higher in-situ growth rate (doubling time 17.9 – 26.3 d) than S. fluitans III (doubling time 25.6 – 83.3 d) under the studied conditions and temperatures (27–29 °C). Fertilizer addition to the in-situ trials did not result in higher growth rates, even though tissue content analysis showed that both N and P were taken up by the algae. In the ex-situ trials, S. natans VIII responded unfavorably to higher temperature (31 °C), whereas S. fluitans III did not. This preliminary study showed that both in-situ and ex-situ culture are feasible to determine growth rates of sargasso, paving the way for future (semi-) controlled studies on bloom dynamics in relation to abiotic and biotic conditions.

Plankton size spectra as an indicator of larval success in Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax)

AbstractEstimating demographic changes in a population requires the measurement of some minimal combination of several vital rates, including the flux of individuals into a population, the population growth rate, individual growth rates and mortality rates. For larval fishes, the ratio of instantaneous mortality to growth (i.e., their ‘recruitment potential’) has been used to make inferences of cohort trajectory where measures of population growth rates are not attainable. Attaining estimates of mortality and growth is an arduous task, and use of the recruitment potential metric has been limited. Here, we relate size spectra of the broader plankton community to the recruitment potential of simultaneously sampled larval Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax), from three voyages off eastern Australia. As the size structure of a population is determined by the ratio of mortality to growth, and there is remarkable consistency in size spectra across ecosystems, we test the hypothesis that the recruitment potential of larval fish is reflected in community‐level measures of plankton size spectra. Contrary to expectations, results from this study demonstrate a negative relationship between the slope of the plankton size spectra and the recruitment potential of larval Pacific sardine. However, we also demonstrate several other stronger relationships between recruitment potential and physical oceanographic parameters. Together, results suggest plankton size spectra are unlikely to reflect recruitment potential directly. Incorporating some size‐based aspects of the plankton community into a broader modelling framework with a range of oceanographic parameters could further our ability to determine how larval success varies across a seascape.

Higher growth rate of protein crystals in space than on the Earth

Comparative growth rate measurement of 51 lysozyme seeded crystals at various supersaturations under microgravity and in normal gravity were successfully conducted by ex-situ method in a Russian Foton-M3 recovery satellite. Growth rate of crystals both in space and on the Earth were calculated by measuring the thickness of each growth zone that was caused by the change of gravity level. It is surprising to find that growth rate under microgravity was the same as that in normal gravity or, unexpectedly, even larger by more than 20 %. The experiment was conducted in the satellite in 12 days under microgravity after 6 days transportation on the ground from Nijmegen, the Netherlands, to Baikonur, Russia. 51 growth cells were kept at 20℃ after the protein solutions and the seeds were sealed. The trace of movement of 2D macro-steps on the (110) face was visualized after the flight by laser confocal microscopy. These steps were buried inside the crystals, 0–140 μm deep from the surface and so they were grown in space. The observed elongated sharp 2D steps implies that the effect of impurity was considerably reduced in space condition, compared with the rounded shape of 2D steps formed with more impurities in normal gravity. The increase in growth rate in space could be concluded due to the reduction of impurities on the surface of crystals. Several space grown crystals were examined by synchrotron X-ray topography at KEK in Tsukuba after optical observations were completed. The change of lattice perfection due to the change from normal G to μG was investigated using local rocking curve analysis (peak position, intensity, full width at half maximum) as well as X-ray topography. Clear increase of diffraction and thus better perfection were observed when the gravity changed from normal G to μG condition. However, it should be noted that perfection of the space grown crystal reached the value of the best portion of the seed crystal that was carefully prepared on the Earth. Based on these data, increased growth rate in space is conclude to be due to the reduction of impurity effects at the surface of the crystals. Better perfection might additionally increase the growth rate.

Growth Rates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Sequence Type 36 Strains in Live Oysters and in Culture Medium.

The pathogenic marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause seafood-related gastroenteritis via the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Infections originating from relatively cool waters in the northeast United States are typically rare, but recently, this region has shown an increase in infections attributed to the ecological introduction of pathogenic sequence type 36 (ST36) strains, which are endemic to the cool waters of the Pacific Northwest. A 2005 risk assessment performed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) modeled the postharvest growth of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters as a function of air temperature and the length of time the oysters remained unrefrigerated. This model, while useful, has raised questions about strain growth differences in oyster tissue and whether invasive pathogenic strains exhibit different growth rates than nonclinical strains, particularly at lower temperatures. To investigate this question, live eastern oysters were injected with ST36 clinical strains and non-ST36 nonclinical strains, and growth rates were measured using the most probable number (MPN) enumeration. The presence of V. parahaemolyticus was confirmed using PCR by targeting the thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), tdh-related hemolysin (trh), and a pathogenesis-related protein (prp). The growth rates of the ST36 strains were compared to the FDA model and several other data sets of V. parahaemolyticus growth in naturally inoculated oysters harvested from the Chesapeake Bay. Our data indicate that the growth rates from most studies fall within the mean of the FDA model, but with slightly higher growth at lower temperatures for ST36 strains injected into live oysters. These data suggest that further investigations of ST36 growth capability in oysters at temperatures previously thought unsuitably low for Vibrio growth are warranted. IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis in the United States, with an estimated 45,000 cases per year. Most individuals who suffer from vibriosis consume raw or undercooked seafood, including oysters. While gastroenteritis vibriosis is usually self-limiting and treatable, V. parahaemolyticus infections are a stressor on the growing aquaculture industry. Much effort has been placed on modeling the growth of Vibrio cells in oysters in order to aid oyster growers in designing harvesting best practices and ultimately, to protect the consumer. However, ecological invasions of nonnative bacterial strains make modeling their growth complicated, as these strains are not accounted for in current models. The National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) considers 10°C (50°F) a temperature too low to enable Vibrio growth, where 15°C is considered a cutoff temperature for optimal Vibrio growth, with temperatures approaching 20°C supporting higher growth rates. However, invasive strains may be native to cooler waters. This research aimed to understand strain growth in live oysters by measuring growth rates when oysters containing ST36 strains, which may be endemic to the U.S. Pacific Northwest, were exposed to multiple temperatures postharvest. Our results will be used to aid future model development and harvesting best practices for the aquaculture industry.

Homoepitaxial growth rate measurement and surface morphology monitoring of MOVPE-grown Si-doped (1 0 0) β-Ga2O3 thin films using in-situ reflectance spectroscopy

We investigate Si-doped β-Ga2O3 layers grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on (100) β-Ga2O3 semi-insulating substrates with the reflection spectrum incident normally onto the substrate surface. The reflectance spectrum transformed into the autocorrelation domain shows a more pronounced Fabry-Pérot oscillation than the raw spectrum, from which one can easily estimate the growth rate and the growth mode based on the period, and the damping behavior of the spectrum, respectively. The observed oscillation contributes to the refractive index difference between the bulk substrate and the grown film caused by the incorporated impurities and different preparation techniques. The high sensitivity of the reflectance spectroscopy is demonstrated to be an advantage as a powerful growth process monitoring tool.

Survival probability of new atmospheric particles: closure between theory and measurements from 1.4 to 100 nm

Abstract. The survival probability of freshly nucleated particles governs the influences of new particle formation (NPF) on atmospheric environments and the climate. It characterizes the probability of a particle avoiding being scavenged by the coagulation with pre-existing particles and other scavenging processes before the particle successfully grows up to a certain diameter. Despite its importance, measuring the survival probability has been challenging, which limits the knowledge of particle survival in the atmosphere and results in large uncertainties in predicting the influences of NPF. Here we report the proper methods to retrieve particle survival probability using the measured aerosol size distributions. Using diverse aerosol size distributions from urban Beijing, the Finnish boreal forest, a chamber experiment, and aerosol kinetic simulations, we demonstrate that each method is valid for a different type of aerosol size distribution, whereas misapplying the conventional methods to banana-type NPF events may underestimate the survival probability. Using these methods, we investigate the consistency between the measured survival probability of new particles and the theoretical survival probability against coagulation scavenging predicted using the measured growth rate and coagulation sink. With case-by-case and time- and size-resolved analysis of long-term measurement data from urban Beijing, we find that although both the measured and theoretical survival probabilities are sensitive to uncertainties and variations, they are, on average, consistent with each other for new particles growing from 1.4 (the cluster size) to 100 nm.

Time-Resolved In Situ AFM Measurement of Growth Rates of Aβ40 Fibrils.

We employ time-resolved in situ atomic force microcopy to monitor the growth of individual Aβ40 fibrils and thereby directly measure the fibril growth rates. We describe procedures to express and purify the Aβ peptide and verify its identity, prepare solutions and seeds, quantify the displacements of the growing tips of individual fibrils, and determine their respective growth rates. We discuss approaches to evaluate and minimize the impact of the scanning tip on the monitored processes. We use the distribution of fibril thickness to characterize approximately the fibril structure. The ability to quantify faithfully the growth kinetics of amyloid fibrils empowers exploration of the molecular-level processes of fibril growth that relate to behaviors of amyloid species of laboratory and clinical interest.

SKRINING TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK PADA SISWA KB INTAN PERMATA AISYIYAH MAKAMHAJI

Background: The golden period of growth and development of children occurs at the age of 0 to 6 years. Deviations in child growth and development needs to be detected so that intervention or stimulation can be given. Early detection (screening) of deviations in child development can be done using the DDST II (Denver Development Screening Test) method. KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji has slowly returned to using the face-to-face learning system. However, efforts to monitor the growth and development of the students have not been implemented yet. Objective: To obtain demographic information about the growth and development of students in KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji. Methods: Screening for the growth and development of students of KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji was carried out in 2 stages. The first stage is measuring the child's growth rate through measuring their weight and height to determine their BMI and adjusted for age. The second stage is the measurement of children's developmental achievements using the DDST II form and tool set. Results: Measurement of growth rate obtained 85% of students have very thin nutritional status and only 0.05% are classified as normal nutritional status. Measurement of developmental achievement found that 90% of students had normal development, while others were considered suspicious and unstable. The gross motor aspect is one aspect in which most students are considered advanced.Conclusion: The growth rate of students in KB Terpadu Intan Permata Aisyiah Makamhaji is still not in accordance with the age level, while the achievement of their development is quite good

A deep learning-based fatigue crack growth rate measurement method using mobile phones

This paper proposes a fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) measure method based on deep learning. Crack data sets of different scales are first collected by a camera, and are then used to train the faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN), respectively. A novel global and local dual-scale Faster R-CNN is further constructed and integrated into the mobile phone to predict the crack length during the entire loading cycle. The fatigue crack growth rate constants are finally obtained by integrating fracture mechanics. The proposed method can effectively measure the propagating small cracks during cyclic loading and extend to non-standard specimens.

Mass Balance Imaging: A Phase Portrait Analysis for Characterizing Growth Kinetics of Biomolecular Condensates.

Biomolecular condensation has emerged as a key organizing principle governing the formation of membraneless cellular assemblies. Revealing the mechanism of formation of biomolecular condensates requires the quantitative examination of their growth kinetics. Here, we introduce mass balance imaging (MBI) as a general method to study compositional growth dynamics based on fluorescent images of multicomponent clusters. MBI allows the visualization and measurement of composition-dependent growth rates of biomolecular condensates and other assemblies. We provide a computational pipeline and demonstrate the applicability of our method by investigating cortical assemblies containing N-WASP (WSP-1) and F-actin that appear during oocyte cortex activation in C. elegans. In general, the method can be broadly implemented to identify interactions that underlie growth kinetics of multicomponent assemblies in vivo and in vitro.