Dipole Moment Measurements Research Articles

Three-dimensional spiral injection scheme for the g−2/EDM experiment at J-PARC

A newly developed three-dimensional spiral injection scheme for beam insertion into a solenoidal storage ring is reported. A new planned muon g−2/EDM experiment at J-PARC aims to measure g−2 to a factor of 5 better statistical precision and a factor of 100 better sensitivity for the electric dipole moment (EDM) measurement compared to previous experiments.The J-PARC experiment will use a 3-T MRI solenoid magnet as the muon storage ring with a 0.66m diameter to achieve a 1-ppm level of local uniformity. The previous g−2 injection scheme is not applicable for beam injection into a small ring. The new scheme provides a smooth injection utilizing a radial solenoidal fringe field, without causing an error field in the storage volume. The expected storage efficiency is 80% and over, which is to be compared to 3.5% for the previous g−2 experiment. In addition, the ability to control the storage plane is important for the EDM measurement. In this paper, we introduce the conceptual design and required beam parameters in terms of Twiss functions and the expected injection efficiency.

Two-center three-electron bonding in ClNH3 revealed via helium droplet infrared laser Stark spectroscopy: Entrance channel complex along the Cl + NH3 → ClNH2 + H reaction.

Pyrolytic dissociation of Cl2 is employed to dope helium droplets with single Cl atoms. Sequential addition of NH3 to Cl-doped droplets leads to the formation of a complex residing in the entry valley to the substitution reaction Cl + NH3 → ClNH2 + H. Infrared Stark spectroscopy in the NH stretching region reveals symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations of a C3v symmetric top. Frequency shifts from NH3 and dipole moment measurements are consistent with a ClNH3 complex containing a relatively strong two-center three-electron (2c-3e) bond. The nature of the 2c-3e bonding in ClNH3 is explored computationally and found to be consistent with the complexation-induced blue shifts observed experimentally. Computations of interconversion pathways reveal nearly barrierless routes to the formation of this complex, consistent with the absence in experimental spectra of two other complexes, NH3Cl and Cl-HNH2, which are predicted in the entry valley to the hydrogen abstraction reaction Cl + NH3 → HCl + NH2.

Reduced Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of ^{199}Hg.

This Letter describes the results of the most recent measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of neutral ^{199}Hg atoms. Fused silica vapor cells containing enriched ^{199}Hg are arranged in a stack in a common magnetic field. Optical pumping is used to spin polarize the atoms orthogonal to the applied magnetic field, and the Faraday rotation of near-resonant light is observed to determine an electric-field-induced perturbation to the Larmor precession frequency. Our results for this frequency shift are consistent with zero; we find the corresponding ^{199}Hg EDM d_{Hg}=(-2.20±2.75_{stat}±1.48_{syst})×10^{-30}e cm. We use this result to place a new upper limit on the ^{199}Hg EDM |d_{Hg}|<7.4×10^{-30}e cm (95%C.L.), improving our previous limit by a factor of 4. We also discuss the implications of this result for various CP-violating observables as they relate to theories of physics beyond the standard model.

EDM: Neutron electric dipole moment measurement

An electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron would be a clear sign of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. The search for this phenomenon is considered one of the most important experiments in fundamental physics and could provide key information on the excess of matter versus antimatter in the universe. With high measurement precision, this experiment aims to ultimately achieve a sensitivity of 10-28 ecm, a 100-fold improvement in the sensitivity compared to the state-of-the-art. The EDM instrument is operated by an international collaboration based at the Technische Universität München.

CP-violating phenomenological MSSM

We investigate the sensitivity of the next generation of flavor-based low-energy experiments to probe the supersymmetric parameter space in the context of the phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM), and examine the complementarity with direct searches for Supersymmetry at the 13 TeV LHC in a quantitative manner. To this end, we enlarge the previously studied pMSSM parameter space to include all physical non-zero CP-violating phases, namely those associated with the gaugino mass parameters, Higgsino mass parameter, and the tri-linear couplings of the top quark, bottom quark and tau lepton. We find that future electric dipole moment and flavor measurements can have a strong impact on the viability of these models even if the sparticle spectrum is out of reach of the 13 TeV LHC. In particular, the lack of positive signals in future low-energy probes would exclude values of the phases between ${\cal O}(10^{-2})$ and ${\cal O}(10^{-1})$. We also find regions of parameter space where large phases remain allowed due to cancellations. Most interestingly, in some rare processes, such as BR($B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ ), we find that contributions arising from CP-violating phases can bring the potentially large SUSY contributions into better agreement with experiment and Standard Model predictions.

Optical and dielectric properties of an isothiocyanato liquid crystal compound and comparison of its behavior with that of a homologous member

ABSTRACTThe properties of an isothiocyanato liquid crystal compound (code name S1) has been studied with a view to compare its behavior with that of another member of its homologous series (code name S5). Optical properties, such as refractive index, polarisability, and their anisotropies, have been evaluated with varying temperature and the orientational order experimentally determined from the study of polarisability anisotropy and compared with theoretically computed values. Dielectric studies have been conducted to determine not only the dielectric anisotropy but also the effective molecular dipole moment and its temperature dependence. The temperature variation of the angle of inclination (β) of molecular dipole moment with the director direction has also been determined and compared with that of S5. In order to determine the nature of molecular association in the mesophase, the molecular correlation factor (g) has been estimated from the measurements of dipole moments of compound in solution and compared with the values obtained for S5.

A Novel RF E × B Spin Manipulator at COSY

The Jülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations (JEDI) Collaboration is developing tools for the measurement of permanent Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) of charged, light hadrons in storage rings. While the Standard Model prediction for the EDM gives unobservably small magnitudes, a non-vanishing EDM from [Formula: see text] violating sources beyond the standard model can lead to a tiny build-up of vertical polarization in a beforehand horizontally polarized beam. This requires a spin tune modulation by an RF dipole without any excitation of coherent beam oscillations. In the course of 2014, a prototype RF [Formula: see text] dipole has been successfully commissioned and tested. We verified that the device can be used to continuously flip the vertical polarization of a 970[Formula: see text]MeV/c deuteron beam without exciting any coherent beam oscillations.

G-factor measurements of isomeric states in174W

The experimental setup GAMIPE used for gyromagnetic factor measurements at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro and a recent experimental work regarding K-isomers in 174W are described. Aim of the experiment is to study the detailed structure of the isomeric states wave functions, by the measurement of the magnetic dipole moments. This piece of information can provide interesting hints for theoretical models. Preliminary results concerning the population of the isomers of interest and half-lives are presented.

Search for electric dipole moments in storage rings

The JEDI collaboration aims at making use of storage ring to provide the most precise measurement of the electric dipole moments of hadrons. The method makes exploits a longitudinal polarized beam. The existence an electric dipole moment would generate a torque slowly twisting the particle spin out of plan of the storage ring into the vertical direction. The observation of non zero electric dipole moment would represent a clear sign of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Feasiblity tests are presently undergoing at the COSY storage ring Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany), to develop the novel techniques to be implemented in a future dedicated storage ring.

Behavior of Current Flow on Lead Zirconate Titanate Surfaces during Mechanical Impact

A new mechanical stress detection technique, based on current flow at Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) surfaces, is described in this paper. The current flow properties of PZT were characterized by use of a tungsten indenter. The tungsten indenter was dropped from a certain height and caused mechanical impact at the PZT-sample. The tungsten pin achieved direct contact with the upper surface of the ferroelectric specimen during the impact. This procedure allowed measurements of electrical current that flew between the PZT-surface and the tungsten pin. It was shown that ferroelectric domain switching on PZT surface and plastic deformation generates this current flow during action of loading force. The current flow disappeared in a few microseconds after removal of the loading force. The measurements were carried out using different areas of force application on the PZT surface. The mechanical stress, induced by the collision, was transmitted through the sample and generated also a measureable dipole moment. In this way it was shown that PZT exhibits high sensitivity against mechanical stress by means of electrical current flow, compared to typical dipole moment measurements. This specific material property of PZT-ceramics can be used for new mechanical stress sensor designs with higher sensitivity as normal used bulky PZT-sensors.

PNPI differential EDM spectrometer and latest results of measurements of the neutron electric dipole moment

In this work, the double chamber magnetic resonance spectrometer of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) designed to measure the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) is briefly described. A method for long storage of polarized ultracold neutrons in a resonance space with a superposed electric field collinear to the leading magnetic field is used. The results of the measurements carried out on the ILL reactor (Grenoble, France) are interpreted as the upper limit of the value of neutron EDM |dn| < 5.5 × 10–26e cm at the 90% confidence level.

Software package for modeling spin–orbit motion in storage rings

A software package providing a graphical user interface for computer experiments on the motion of charged particle beams in accelerators, as well as analysis of obtained data, is presented. The software package was tested in the framework of the international project on electric dipole moment measurement JEDI (Julich Electric Dipole moment Investigations). The specific features of particle spin motion imply the requirement to use a cyclic accelerator (storage ring) consisting of electrostatic elements, which makes it possible to preserve horizontal polarization for a long time. Computer experiments study the dynamics of 106–109 particles in a beam during 109 turns in an accelerator (about 1012–1015 integration steps for the equations of motion). For designing an optimal accelerator structure, a large number of computer experiments on polarized beam dynamics are required. The numerical core of the package is COSY Infinity, a program for modeling spin–orbit dynamics.

Exploring the CP-violating NMSSM: EDM constraints and phenomenology

The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) features extra new sources for CP violation. In contrast to the MSSM CP violation can already occur at tree level in the Higgs sector. We investigate the range of possible allowed CP-violating phases by taking into account the constraints arising from the measurements of the Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) and the latest LHC Higgs data. Our analysis shows that large CP-violating phases, that are NMSSM-specific, are not in conflict with the EDMs. They are dominantly constrained by the Higgs data in this case. We use our results to investigate the prospects of measuring CP violation through the combined measurement of Higgs rates, on the one hand, and in observables based on CP-violating Higgs couplings to tau leptons on the other hand.

Broadband velocity modulation spectroscopy of ThF+ for use in a measurement of the electron electric dipole moment

A number of extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics predict a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) in the range of the current experimental limits. Trapped ThF+ will be used in a forthcoming generation of the JILA eEDM experiment. Here, we present extensive survey spectroscopy of ThF+ in the 700–1000nm spectral region, with the 700–900nm range fully covered using frequency comb velocity modulation spectroscopy. We have determined that the ThF+ electronic ground state is X3Δ1, which is the eEDM-sensitive state. In addition, we report high-precision rotational and vibrational constants for 14 ThF+ electronic states, including excited states that can be used to transfer and readout population in the eEDM experiment.

An online database of nuclear electromagnetic moments

Measurements of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments are considered quite important for the understanding of nuclear structure both near and far from the valley of stability. The recent advent of radioactive beams has resulted in a plethora of new, continuously flowing, experimental data on nuclear structure – including nuclear moments – which hinders the information management. A new, dedicated, public and user friendly online database (http://magneticmoments.info) has been created comprising experimental data of nuclear electromagnetic moments. The present database supersedes existing printed compilations, including also non-evaluated series of data and relevant meta-data, while putting strong emphasis on bimonthly updates. The scope, features and extensions of the database are reported.

Measurement of electric dipole moments at storage rings

The electric dipole moment (EDM) is a fundamental property of a particle, like mass, charge and magnetic moment. What makes this property in particular interesting is the fact that a fundamental particle can only acquire an EDM via and violating processes. EDM measurements contribute to the understanding of the matter over anti-matter dominance in the universe, a question closely related to the violation of fundamental symmetries. Up to now measurements of EDMs have concentrated on neutral particles. Charged particle EDMs can be measured at storage ring. Plans at Forschungszentrum Jülich and results of first test measurements at the COoler SYnchrotron COSY will be presented.

Spin coherence time studies of a horizontally polarized deuteron beam at COSY

The measurement of a non-zero electric dipole moment (EDM) aligned along the spin of sub-atomic particles would probe new physics beyond the standard model. It has been proposed to search for the EDM of charged particles using a storage ring and a longitudinally polarized beam. The EDM signal would be a rotation of the polarization from the horizontal plane toward the vertical direction as a consequence of the radial electric field always present in the particle frame. This experiment requires ring conditions that can ensure a lifetime of the in-plane polarization (spin coherence time, SCT) up to 1000 s. A study has begun at the COoler SYnchrotron (COSY) located at the Forschungszentrum Jülich to examine the effects of emittance and momentum spread on the SCT of a polarized deuteron beam at 0.97 GeV c−1. A special Data AcQuisition has been developed in order to provide a direct measurement of a rapidly rotating horizontal polarization as a function of time. The set of data presented here shows how second-order effects from emittance and momentum spread of the beam affect the lifetime of the horizontal polarization of a bunched beam. It has been demonstrated that sextupole fields can be used to correct for these depolarizing sources and increase the SCT up to hundreds of seconds.

Effective Field Theory and Time-Reversal Violation in Light Nuclei

Thanks to the unnaturally small value of the QCD vacuum angle [Formula: see text], time–reversal violation ([Formula: see text]) offers a window into physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. We review the effective field theory framework that establishes a clean connection between (a) [Formula: see text] mechanisms, which can be represented by higher-dimensional operators involving SM fields and symmetries, and (b) hadronic interactions, which allow for controlled calculations of low-energy observables involving strong interactions. The chiral properties of [Formula: see text] mechanisms lead to a pattern that should be identifiable in measurements of the electric dipole moments of the nucleon and light nuclei.

Deuterated polyethylene coatings for ultra-cold neutron applications

We report on the fabrication and use of deuterated polyethylene as a coating material for ultra-cold neutron (UCN) storage and transport. The Fermi potential has been determined to be 214 neV, and the wall loss coefficient η is 1.3 × 104 per wall collision. The coating technique allows for a wide range of applications in this field of physics. In particular, flexible and quasi-massless UCN guides with slit-less shutters and seamless UCN storage volumes become possible. These properties enable the use in next-generation measurements of the electric dipole moment of the neutron.

New Method for a Continuous Determination of the Spin Tune in Storage Rings and Implications for Precision Experiments.

A new method to determine the spin tune is described and tested. In an ideal planar magnetic ring, the spin tune-defined as the number of spin precessions per turn-is given by ν(s)=γG (γ is the Lorentz factor, G the gyromagnetic anomaly). At 970 MeV/c, the deuteron spins coherently precess at a frequency of ≈120 kHz in the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. The spin tune is deduced from the up-down asymmetry of deuteron-carbon scattering. In a time interval of 2.6 s, the spin tune was determined with a precision of the order 10^{-8}, and to 1×10^{-10} for a continuous 100 s accelerator cycle. This renders the presented method a new precision tool for accelerator physics; controlling the spin motion of particles to high precision is mandatory, in particular, for the measurement of electric dipole moments of charged particles in a storage ring.