Measurement System Analysis Research Articles

Analysis the measurement quality system of clearence tappet using measurement system analysis on motorcycle manufacturing company

A motorcycle manufacturing company on the K56S engine has a symptom that often occurs called noise tappet. The observations found that Symptom was caused by clearence or tappet gap that was not in accordance with the specified specifications. The gap measurement system uses filller which usually relies on the experience and feeling of the operator, so it is possible to produce an unsuitable gap measurement. This research will evaluate the measurement system of clearence tappet using Measurement system analysis (MSA) which includes stability, bias, linearity, repeatability & reproducibility. Based on data processing known that the measurement system has a stable process with a linearity level of 2.6% is acceptable. The measurement system has a biased problem with an average bias value of 0.054 mm (not acceptable) and from repeatability & reproducibility with a GRR% of ANOVA method of 49.98% that exceeds the acceptance criteria.

The Analysis of the Urban Sprawl Measurement System of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Based on Deep Learning and Neural Network Algorithm.

In the context of rapid urbanization, the spread of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is intensifying, which has an impact on the green and sustainable development of these cities. It is necessary to establish an accurate urban sprawl measurement system. First, the regulation theory of urban sprawl is explained. According to the actual development situation of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, smart growth theory is selected as the basic regulation method of urban sprawl. Second, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm under deep supervised learning is applied to construct a smart evaluation model of land use growth. Finally, based on the actual development of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the quantitative growth measurement method is selected to construct a measurement system of urban sprawl in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the empirical analysis is carried out. The training results show that the proposed BPNN smart growth evaluation model, based on deep supervised learning, has good evaluation accuracy, and the error is within the preset range. The analysis of the quantitative growth-based measurement system in the increase of urban construction land shows that the increase in urban construction land area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2014 to 2019 was 78.67 km2. Meanwhile, the increases in urban construction land area in different years are different. The empirical results show that the population composition of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the urban construction area between 2005 and 2019 show a trend of increasing annually; at the same time, urban sprawl development shows a staged characteristic. It is of great significance to apply deep learning fusion neural network algorithm in the construction of the urban sprawl measurement system, which provides a quantitative basis for the in-depth analysis and discussion of urban sprawl.

Design and Analysis of a Built-in Yaw Measurement System Using Dual Linear Scales for Automatic Machine Tool Error Compensation

Abstract In order to achieve high accuracy of computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools, various error compensation functions are implemented in the CNC control system. However, these error compensations are not designed to track the dynamic change in accuracies, such as thermal distortion or aging deterioration, during a machining process. To compensate for the dynamic change in accuracy, a built-in automatic measurement and compensation system based on dual linear scales was proposed, and its performance requirement was analyzed. Based on the analysis, a physical prototype was developed, and its feasibility was investigated by a series of experiments. The results showed that the measurement with the linear scale system agreed with a conventional measurement method within the uncertainty estimated at the design stage. In a subsequent experiment, the accuracy compensation was performed based on the measurement value. With compensation, the maximum accuracy deterioration was successfully suppressed from 22 to 3 μm.

Application of Six Sigma methodology in an Indian chemical company

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to deploy Six Sigma (SS) methodology for addressing the customer complaints pertaining to Chemical-X in an Indian chemical company.Design/methodology/approachThe study followed a structured Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) approach to address the customer complaints. The complaints have been classified into different categories along with a project charter in the define phase. In the measure phase, measurement system analysis (MSA) and supplier, input, process, output and control (SIPOC) have been applied. In the analyze and improve phase, why–why analysis, process capability study, how–how analysis, Gage repeatability and reproducibility and Taguchi design have been applied to optimize the manufacturing process parameters for Chemical-X. Lastly, in the control phase, validation of 20 batches has been piloted to validate the optimized parameters.FindingsThe findings of this study highlight the optimization and prioritization of the process parameters. It shows that humidity has the least impact on the manufacturing of Chemical-X, whereas shift type has the maximum impact. The experimental output indicates that the 1st Shift, the holding time after grinding should be twenty-four hours, and the temperature after grinding should be 40 °C to reduce the customer complaints concerning lumps formation in Chemical-X.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is performed for a single product (Chemical-X). It has focused only from the manufacturing process view and not from the transportation, suppliers and downstream supply chain view.Originality/valueA systematic and data-driven approach of the SS methodology ensured that the customer complaints due to lumps formation reduced from 5% (approx.) to 1% (approx.) which resulted in the cost saving of INR 4 million (approx.) annually.

Approaches for Measurement System Analysis Considering Randomness and Fuzziness

For some quality inspection practices, subjective judgements based on the inspectors' experience and knowledge, such as visual inspection, may be required for some particular quality characteristics. This kind of measurement system, including its associated randomness and fuzziness, should be assessed by Measurement system analysis (MSA) before its application. For such purpose, this article represents observations with randomness and fuzziness from MSAs as fuzzy random variables, and then two pairs of descriptive parameters, i.e., expected value and variance, are derived. Then, the relationship of the total sum of squares of factors is proven to hold, so that fuzzy analysis of variance (FANOVA) in terms of gauge repeatability and reproducibility can be developed. The proposed approach has the advantage that FANOVA is developed based on the relationship of the total sum of squares of factors, considering randomness and fuzziness. A real case in the semiconductor packaging industry is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approaches to MSA.

A thorough Six Sigma DMAIC application for household appliance manufacturing systems

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze door-panel alignment defects seen in built-in ovens manufactured in one household appliances company's plant. Alignment defects in oven door panel substantially affect aesthetics of the product which is an important aspect in driving customer preference and satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the initial 3.1 sigma level of oven-manufacturing process to at least 4 sigma level by decreasing a particular door-panel alignment defect, which constituted 67.7 percent of the overall alignment defects.Design/methodology/approachThe goals were achieved through a structured Six Sigma implementation with lean element by utilizing various Six Sigma tools such as workflow, Pareto-analysis, measurement system analyses, control-charts, process capability analysis, cause-and effect-diagram and hypotheses tests. A non–value-added step was also eliminated through the lean approach.FindingsThrough Six Sigma implementation, the initial 3.1 sigma process performance level has been increased to 4.4 sigma level leading to substantial decrease in alignment defects.Originality/valueIn the quality management literature, not many papers directly deal with aesthetics and appearance problems of the products especially in the household appliances industry. Moreover, hypothesis testing is not frequently used in Six Sigma implementations in the literature. In addition to limited usage of hypothesis testing, very few studies conducted a thorough measurement system analysis. Considering these gaps in the Six Sigma literature, this study fills an important gap in research by implementing a detailed Six Sigma study, enhanced with hypothesis testing and a thorough measurement system analysis, on the aesthetics and appearance of the product.

Ancient Aegean Measurement Systems Analysed Through the Treasury of Atreus

Here the debated issue of units of length in building construction practice in ancient Aegean architecture is focused through the case study of the Mycaenean tholos tomb, the Treasury of Atreus. Recent architectural analysis of the monument highlights a geometric mesh underlying its architectural form, which reveals the coexistence of more than one unit of length and the geometric relations among them. These units are consistent with the modular units reported in the literature. Starting from such details, the present study explores the usefulness of the identified mesh for measuring lengths and areas in situ and controlling the construction process. The integrated analysis of length measurement systems and the associated geometric pattern shed light on their strict correlation. The contextualization of the units of length in their systems in multiples and sub-multiples and the aim to compute lengths explain and clarify the co-existence of diverse modular units in Aegean architecture.

Measurement System Analysis and System Thinking in Six Sigma

This article investigated measurement system analysis and system thinking in Six Sigma, as well as the factors that influence these actions. If the measurement system being used to accumulate data from the process delivers dependable and accurate results, the measurement system analysis regulates it. Process improvement initiatives can be derailed by faulty measurement systems. Also, managers who have read faulty data can be misled into making wrong decisions. To collect trustworthy data, a reliable measurement system is established with this process. A method to assess an organization as a system and interpret its practices as a whole with Six Sigma is system thinking. Also, fixing a system as a whole helps to identify the real causes of issues and to know where to address them. This article addressed the contribution of these two methods to an overall success of an organization operating Six Sigma. The most current variables, concepts, and models were studied within operations and project management. By using a design-science-investigate strategy, this study approved of a valuable growth reveal for reasonable and hypothetical application. This study allowed us to generate a fitting assessment model that will fill the research void. Also, this study contributed to the engineering field with improved project success rates and team communication.

Variable data measurement systems analysis: advances in gage bias and linearity referencing and acceptability

Measurement systems analysis (MSA) is a set of requirements and procedures adopted by the automotive industry and other disciplines to evaluate the accuracy and precision of measurement systems through assessing and quantifying the random and systematic errors and assigning appropriate dispositions for tolerance and performance acceptance. The methodology of variable data MSA comprises studies of a system's stability, bias, linearity and gage repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R). This paper describes advances in referencing and criteria for estimation of uncertainty errors, dispositions, and acceptability of MSA bias and linearity, proposing an extension to the basic statistical zero null-hypothesis to include overlap between confidence intervals and uncertainty associated with the reference standards used in bias and linearity studies.

Calibration approach for reliable in-situ process monitoring of multi-optic selective laser melting

Additive Manufacturing is on the threshold of full industrial use in various leading industries. This is due to the continuous development of machine systems regarding availability, stability, reproducibility and repeatability alongside their ever-increasing productivity. To achieve high quality parts, process variables must be monitored during production, for example with a Melt Pool Monitoring (MPM) system to measure their characteristics. Initial and long-term stable calibration of the monitoring system must be ensured with proper alignment, positioning and the size of the measuring surface itself. To secure direct comparison of multi-optics within a machine as well as transferability from machine to machine, a quantitative intensity calibration must also be carried out. This paper provides a new calibration approach with measuring equipment and tools including a Measurement System Analysis (MSA), exploring possibilities and limitations in terms of absolute accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility as well as workflows for the measurement equipment and machine calibration.

Analysis of the interrelationships between KPIs in a small business through temporal causal models

This paper provides an analysis of performance measurement system in small enterprises and the importance for owners-managers of knowing those indicators that show the performance of their business. The main objective is to uncover causal relationships between some key performance indicators (KPIs) at small business. The review highlights the importance of studying the KPIs to know the performance of a business and the need to know the causality between them. It is possible to find articles that pursue this objective, but few allow to know the real causality among the studied KPIs. In order to reach the objective set, the causal temporal model was applied, which allowed to discover those indicators that had an impact on the performance of the small business studied. This facilitates the owner-manager to know more deeply his business and to take actions of improvement in function of its improvement.

UAV-Based Far-Field Antenna Pattern Measurement Method for Polarimetric Weather Radars: Simulation and Error Analysis

Continuing advances and the availability of relatively inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf UAV systems allow the development of in-situ antenna measurement systems for a wide variety of operating frequencies and applications. This paper presents a simulation framework and error analysis that provides a guideline for in-situ far-field (FF) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based antenna measurements of operational and research antennas for polarimetric weather radar systems. The analysis includes system design trade-offs which allow the evaluation of antenna measurement errors due to UAV position, gimbal orientation, and extraneous error sources that can be present in a UAV-based field-testing scenario. Results analyzed for all cases provide error bounds and limitations for two example characterization schemes. The UAV-based antenna measurement system simulation and analysis suggests and supports the feasibility of such a system for antenna characterization and polarimetric calibration of antennas in the near future.

Analysis of Soil Substance Measurement System Based on Internet of Things (IoT) with Star Topology Network

Analysis of Soil Substance Measurement System Based on Internet of Things (IoT) with Star Topology Network

Diameter dependent structural and magnetic properties of CoNi alloy nanotubes

Cobalt-Nickel (CoNi) alloy nanotubes (NTs) with diameters 50 nm (D1), 100 nm (D2), 150 nm (D3), and 200 nm (D4) have been fabricated using Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) membranes. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and physical property measurement system (PPMS) analysis methods were employed to systematically investigate the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of CoNi NTs samples. Magnetization reversal mechanism has been explained by angular dependence of coercivity. Low temperature studies have shown that coercivity Hc of nanotubes follows the thermal activation model. Temperature dependence of Hc follows the 3/2 power law for the field dependence of energy barriers.

Efficiency analysis of supplier performance measurement system

Abstract This study empirically investigates the effects of the special, face to face supplier performance measurement system. Using supplier performance measurement system the supplier will have t...

Lean six sigmas in academic processes

The objective of the research was to analyse the influence of the Lean Six Sigma management strategy on the process management of the master in mathematical education of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The research follows a quantitative approach of field type correlational level. For the analysis and interpretation of the information, tools of diagramming, process mapping, descriptive and multivariate analysis, hierarchical, capacity studies, analysis of measurement systems, design of experiments, error tests and control charts were used. Once the lean six sigma philosophy is implemented, continuous improvement is observed, improvements in process capacity, 99.9% effectiveness in measurement variables, improvement in perceptions of the academic and administrative community, and process standardization, the impact of the application of Lean six sigma in a program is evaluated, demonstrating an efficient flow of its products and processes.

The productiveness of Bootstrap simulator in evaluating the accuracy parameters of measurement system for ball screw

Ball screw is an essential mechanical component of computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine, which the positioning accuracy of ball screw is highly associated with lead angle accuracy and axial clearance. In particular, the inaccuracy of lead angle and axial clearance of ball screw can be massively affected the inaccuracy of positioning, leading to the degraded quality of manufactured products. Therefore, a reliable and productive measurement system analysis is indeed in monitoring the accuracy parameters of the ball screw. The main objective of this study is to propose using the Bootstrap simulator in monitoring the accuracy parameters of measurement system for ball screw, with the abstraction of cost and time. The accuracy parameters of the measurement system are including stability, bias and linearity. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that the Bootstrap simulator is more productive in monitoring the accuracy parameters of measurement system for ball screw compared to the Monte Carlo simulator. This is due to the Bootstrap simulator can be yielded a lower uncertainty of simulation compared to the Monte Carlo simulator. Furthermore, the Bootstrap simulator is also more advantages compared to the Monte Carlo simulator as this simulator can be carried out with small sample size of measurement data.

Improving the process of setting-up the extrusion line based on a systematic approach

The article is devoted to the description of the application of a systems approach with the aim of improving the process of setting-up the equipment of cable manufacturing, namely, the extrusion line. First, a risk-based approach was used to identify the bottlenecks of the setting-up process using the FMEA methodology. Secondly, the most critical operations of the setting-up process were considered in terms of measurement authenticity. In this context, the analysis of the stability of the measuring process, an analysis of the bias linearity and an analysis of repeatability and reproducibility were carried out. Using the measurement system analysis, it was managed to reveal four main factors influencing the variation of the measuring process and recommendations were made to improve each of them. Corrective actions have been developed, after the implementation of which the level of general repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement process has passed into the category of acceptable. Thus, applying the principles of a systematic approach and using the tools recommended by IATF 16949 “Measurement system analysis” and “Potential failure mode and effects analysis”, we managed to achieve a new level of quality of the process setting-up an cable manufacturing, reduce the risk level of the process and minimize costs.

Error compensation and accuracy analysis of laser measurement system based on laser-beam calibration

In this paper, a novel measurement strategy, based on a 4D error-compensation model for the measurement of free-form surfaces in laser measurement systems, is presented. To improve the measurement accuracy, effects of the inclination angle and the azimuth angle (including the rotation angle and the deflection angle) on the measurement results are investigated experimentally. Considering the error compensation and the constructing iterative function, a calibration method for arbitrary positions and orientations of the laser-beam is presented, and a corresponding measurement strategy is presented. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed measurement strategy, calibration schemes of a check bar geometry center are studied based on a 4-axis measuring platform. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can greatly improve the measurement accuracy.

Error Analysis and Compensation of a Laser Measurement System for Simultaneously Measuring Five-Degree-of-Freedom Error Motions of Linear Stages.

A robust laser measurement system (LMS), consisting of a sensor head and a detecting part, for simultaneously measuring five-degree-of-freedom (five-DOF) error motions of linear stages, is proposed and characterized. For the purpose of long-travel measurement, all possible error sources that would affect the measurement accuracy are considered. This LMS not only integrates the merits of error compensations for the laser beam drift, beam spot variation, detector sensitivity variation, and non-parallelism of dual-beam that have been resolved by the author’s group before, but also eliminates the crosstalk errors among five-DOF error motions in this study. The feasibility and effectiveness of the designed LMS and modified measurement model are experimentally verified using a laboratory-built prototype. The experimental results show that the designed LSM has the capability of simultaneously measuring the five-DOF error motions of a linear stage up to one-meter travel with a linear error accuracy in sub-micrometer and an angular error accuracy in sub-arcsecond after compensation.