Measurement Of Parameters Research Articles

Maternal vascular indices and hemodynamic parameters at 36 weeks' gestation in gestational and pre-existing diabetes mellitus.

To compare maternal vascular indices and hemodynamic parameters at 35-37 weeks' gestation in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), those with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and those without GDM or pre-existing DM. This was a prospective observational study in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for a routine hospital visit at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. The visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, and measurement of vascular indices and hemodynamic parameters using a non-invasive operator-independent device. These included carotid-to-femoral pulse-wave velocity, augmentation index, cardiac output, stroke volume, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and heart rate. The values in the GDM and pre-existing DM groups were compared to those in the unaffected group. We examined 6746 women, of whom 396 were excluded because they had chronic hypertension or developed pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension. The study population of 6350 pregnancies contained 99 (1.6%) with pre-existing Type-I or Type-II DM and 617 (9.7%) that developed GDM, including 261 (42.3%) that were treated with diet alone, 239 (38.7%) treated with metformin alone and 117 (19.0%) treated with insulin with or without metformin. Among women with GDM and those with pre-existing DM, compared to those without GDM or pre-existing DM, there was a higher median cardiac output and heart rate, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse-wave velocity, but there was no significant difference in stroke volume and total peripheral resistance. There were no significant differences within the GDM group according to treatment type, except for higher heart rate in women treated with metformin alone compared to the group treated with diet alone. Women with GDM and those with pre-existing DM have evidence of early vascular disease in the third trimester, and this may contribute to their increased long-term cardiovascular risk. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Diffuse interstellar bands as dust indicators: The contribution from 3D maps

Three-dimensional (3D) distributions of the 862 nm diffuse interstellar band (DIB) carrier have been computed based on Gaia parallaxes and DIB catalogues, in parallel with 3D maps of dust extinction density. Three-dimensional maps provide local diagnostics and information on the distribution of structures in addition to line-of-sight (LOS) integrated quantities, and allow us to focus on poorly studied low-extinction areas. They make cross-matching with other catalogues possible through estimates of the DIB and extinction along any given path. We re-examined the relationships between the density of DIB carriers and the absorption and emission properties of spatially co-located dust. Along with laboratory identifications of carriers, these properties may shed light on the formation and evolution of this organic matter. They may also help to model dust emission and absorption properties in a more detailed way. We used the 3D maps of 862 nm DIBs and of dust extinction, as well as available DIB equivalent width (EW) catalogues and published measurements of parameters characterizing the dust extinction law and the dust emission. We studied the relationships between the extinction-normalized 862 nm DIB EW and the extinction level, the total-to-selective extinction ratio $R_V$, and the dust far-IR emission spectral index beta . We re-visited the link between several DIBs and the UV absorption bump at 220 nm. The ratio of the 862 nm DIB carrier density to the optical extinction density (DIB$_ norm $) is increasing in low-density clouds, confirming with local values the trend seen in the LOS data. In both cases, the coefficients of a fitted power law fall within the range of those measured towards SDSS high-latitude targets for 20 different bands, ranking this DIB among those with a high increase, above that of the broad 4430 DIB. This is consistent with the recent measurement of a larger scale height above the Plane for the 862 nm DIB compared to that of the 4430 DIB. Using map-integrated 862 nm DIB EWs and extinctions along the paths to APOGEE targets with published proxies $R'_V$ for the total-to-selective extinction ratio, we found that, despite a large scatter, DIB$_ norm $ is positively correlated with $R'_V$ for those stars with low to moderate extinctions ($A_V$= 0.2 to 2--3 mag). Independently, using stars from the 862 nm DIB catalogue located outside the disk and for the same regime of extinction, DIB$_ norm $ is found to be globally anti-correlated with the Planck opacity spectral index beta . This is consistent with the observed anti-correlation between beta and $R'_ V $. In the light of a recent result on the variability of the carbon/silicate ratio in dust grains as a source of this anti-correlation, it suggests that DIB$_ norm $ increases with the fraction of carbonaceous to silicate grains in the co-located dust, in agreement with the carbonaceous nature of DIB carriers and recent evidences for a spatial correlation between DIB$_ norm $ and the fluxes of carbon-rich ejecta of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. At higher extinction both trends disappear, and there is evidence for a trend reversal. Regarding the link between the height of the 220 nm UV absorption bump and extinction-normalized EWs of DIBs, we found that two factors explain the absence of previous clear results: the correlation disappears when we move from sigma -type to zeta -type DIBs and/or from single-cloud LOSs to paths crossing multiple clouds distant from each other; zeta -type bands can be used to predict low and high values of the bump height, provided one adds a correcting factor linked to the ambient radiation field (e.g. the 5780/5797 DIB ratio). We show examples of simple models of the bump height based on the 5780 band, the 5850 band and the 5780/5797 DIB ratio. We also found an anti-correlation between DIB$_ norm $ and the width of the bump, which similarly disappears from sigma -type to zeta -type DIBs. This suggests that a fraction of the bump is generated outside the dense molecular clouds. There are complex relationships between DIBs and dust; however, massive measurements of DIBs and extinction and the derived 3D maps may provide some constraints on the density, the nature, and the contribution to extinction and emission of the co-located dust. This requires large stellar spectroscopic surveys and space-based measurements of UV extinction.

Accurate measurements of delayed neutron data for reactor applications: methodology and application to 235U(nth,f)

Large inconsistencies still exist in nuclear data libraries regarding the kinetic parameters of delayed neutron (DN) precursors. As an example, there is a 17% gap between ENDF-B/VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3 on the average lifetime T1/2 of DN precursors from thermal fission of 235U. This parameter is of major importance for reactivity predictions of nuclear reactors in nominal or accidental configurations. In this context, CEA is actively participating to the ALDEN project (Average number and Lifetime of DElayed Neutrons) which aims at providing the nuclear data community with new data sets of DN from thermal and fast neutron induced fission of various actinides. A dedicated experimental setup was designed and optimized for that purpose and is presented in this paper. It consists of a “long counter” detector containing 16 proportional counters filled with 3He, embedded in a high density polyethylene matrix. The detector surrounds a fissile target prepared in the form of a miniature fission chamber, containing a few hundreds of micro-grams of fissile material. This set-up is connected to fast and efficient neutron shutters that can produce step-irradiations of variable durations. The equations driving the DN counting following step-irradiations of the fissile target are established and discussed in the perspective of DN yield or group parameter measurement. A comprehensive analysis of the different steps of data reduction is detailed: dead time characterization, Region of Interest (ROI) determination, absolute and relative efficiency calibration, fission rate estimation, irradiation time and background determination, DN decay curve production and physical parameter fitting. Following a prototype experiment performed in 2018 at the PF1b cold neutron beam line of Institute Laue Langevin (ILL, Grenoble, France), we discuss here the analysis of two campaigns occurring in 2019 and 2021 in which significant improvements were achieved in terms of background minimization, counting statistics and fission rate determination. The achievements of this work are the measurement of the delayed neutron emission per fission for the thermal neutron induced fission of 235U, estimated at (1.625 ± 0.010) % and the group parameters leading to an estimated lifetime of T1/2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${T}_{1/2}$$\\end{document} = (8.87 ± 0.10) s. Those results are consistent with the values recommended by the IAEA/CRP work and they come with reduced uncertainties compared with previously published results.

The Effect of COVID-19 on the Efferent Auditory System in Adults.

This study evaluated the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the cochlea and auditory efferent system with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and contralateral suppression (CS). We aimed to evaluate the pre- and post-COVID-19 TEOAE and CS results in the same participants to reveal the effect of COVID-19 on the efferent auditory system. The CS measurement was performed twice for each participant before a diagnosis of COVID-19 and after treatment for COVID-19 as a within-subjects study design. All participants exhibited hearing thresholds below 25 dB HL at all frequencies and all participants demonstrated bilateral Type A tympanograms. The tests were performed in the linear mode using a double probe on the Otodynamics ILO292-II device. The CS of the otoacoustic emissions was measured at 65 dB peSPL TEOAE stimulus and 65 dB SPL broadband noise. All parameters including reproducibility, noise, and stability were considered during the measurements. The study included 11 patients (eight females and three males) aged between 20 and 35 years (mean age, 26 ± 3.66). Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's correlation test were used for statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there was no significant difference between the pre-and post-COVID-19 TEOAE CS results in all tested frequencies and measurement parameters, 1000 to 4000 Hz, Z = -0.356, -0.089, -0.533, -0.533, -1.156, and p < 0.05. Although not statistically significant, the CS results obtained post-COVID-19 at all frequencies, except 4000 Hz, were lower than those before COVID-19. According to the overall TEOAE results after COVID-19, a statistically significant decrease was observed at 3000 Hz (Z = -2.847, p < 0.01) and 4000 Hz (Z = -2.401, p < 0.05) compared with the premeasurement. The study findings show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can affect the cochlea and the auditory efferent system in adults. Post-COVID-19 audiological evaluation can also be considered part of a general medical examination.

A-172 Feasibility of PT, aPTT, and Fibrinogen on a Multifunctional Digital Microfluidic Cartridge

Abstract Background Excessive bleeding is prevalent in severe trauma patients, and measurement of multiple coagulation parameters is vital to correcting coagulopathy and improving outcomes. There are no rapid, near-patient technologies that can perform multiple coagulation assays simultaneously on a single consumable. We are developing a point-of-care digital microfluidic (DMF) platform to test three critical coagulation markers: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen. Methods Five proficiency testing plasma samples were obtained from the College of American Pathologists (CAP) with normal, intermediate, and prolonged response of PT and aPTT, and normal and elevated fibrinogen levels. After loading 10 μL of sample onto the cartridge, autonomous digital microfluidic operations divided the sample into three droplets, which were then combined with reagents for PT, aPTT or fibrinogen. The viscosity of these droplets, measured from the electrical impedance on a toaster-sized instrument, changes at a rate proportional to the amount of coagulation precursors present from which time/activity was calculated. Results Classification of samples into normal, intermediate or prolonged categories along with the respective times obtained from the DMF cartridges matched those obtained on the Stago Compact Max instrument (Figure). We also demonstrated separation of plasma from whole blood within the DMF cartridge using agglutinating reagents, enabling an easy-to-use workflow without the need for centrifugation. Conclusions Our preliminary results demonstrate that PT, aPTT and fibrinogen can be measured on a single cartridge with performance similar to comparator methods, with a time to result of &amp;lt;15 minutes. To our knowledge, this is the first time these 3 assays have been performed simultaneously on a single consumable and furthermore, this is the first time viscoelastic tests have been performed on a multifunctional instrument that also performs chemistry and molecular tests. Studies are underway to evaluate analytical and clinical performance.

A-355 Comparison of Arterial and Venous Whole Blood Samples Analyzed on the QuantraSystem With the QPlusand QStatCartridges

Abstract Background The Quantra Hemostasis System (HemoSonics, LLC) is a cartridge-based viscoelastic testing system used to monitor the coagulation status of whole blood samples. The clinical performance of the System with the QPlus and QStat Cartridges was demonstrated in patients undergoing surgical procedures using venous blood samples. However, depending on the nature of the surgical procedure, arterial or venous samples may be more accessible for testing. It is currently unknown if differences exist between the two samples for the Quantra System. This study compared QPlus and QStat parameters measurements in venous and arterial blood samples collected in parallel from patients undergoing cardiac or liver transplant surgery. Methods Two studies were conducted according to CLSI EP09. The cardiac study enrolled 50 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass to evaluate QPlus parameters. Matching arterial and venous samples were obtained at two time points: during bypass and post-protamine. The liver study enrolled 25 adult patients undergoing liver transplantation to evaluate QStat parameters. Matching arterial and venous samples from were obtained at three time points: baseline, anhepatic and reperfusion phases. All arterial samples were drawn from an existing arterial catheter whereas venous samples were drawn from the venous side of the bypass circuit or from the central venous catheter (proximal port to minimize infusion contamination). Linear regression analysis and means comparison (paired t-test) were used to assess whether the two sample types provided equivalent results, Results Table 1 provides the mean values for each parameter determined for venous and arterial samples. None of the parameters showed a significant difference between sample types (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Additionally, the linear regression analysis show strong correlation between the results for each parameter. Conclusions Both studies demonstrated that venous and arterial whole blood samples provide equivalent results on the Quantra System with the QPlus and QStat Cartridges.

A single-pixel and non-redundant branching-based algorithm for nailfold capillary skeleton line extraction.

Static nailfold capillary parameters are important parameters that reflect the health of the human body. Disease onset or progression is often accompanied by changes in the physiological parameters of the nailfold. Hence, the physiological parameters of the nailfold are closely related to the study of disease, with their automated and high-precision measurements playing a crucial role in these studies. Currently, manually measured values of the nailfold's parameters are the gold standard; however, they are time consuming and labor intensive, making the development of automated measurement methods essential. Most automated measurement methods use skeleton lines; however, current skeleton-thinning algorithms have non-single pixels and redundant branches that lead to reduced measurement accuracy. This study proposes a single-pixel and non-redundant branching-based skeleton line extraction algorithm for nailfold capillaries, which is then applied to nailfold static parameter calculations to improve accuracy. The algorithm includes deletion and restoration templates combined with the depth-first search method to obtain single-pixel skeleton lines without redundant branches. These lines are applied to the static nailfold capillary parameter measurement method based on digital image processing to calculate the blood vessel diameter. The results show that the proposed method can obtain the single-pixel skeleton line without the redundant branches that are required for the parameter calculations and improve the accuracy of the nailfold capillary diameter measurement. Experiments showed that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the labeled apical diameter, arterial limb diameter, and venous limb diameter were 0.794, 0.756, and 0.830 µm, respectively, when the calculated results were compared with those of the manual calculations. According to the accuracy formula, the accuracy of the method in this study is 90%. We calculated the P values of the algorithmic and manual measurements to P<0.001 and found that the difference in the measurements of the proposed algorithm is statistically significant. Therefore, the method in this study has high sensitivity and specificity for the measurement of normal nailfold capillaries. The proposed algorithm could obtain single-pixel skeleton lines without redundant branches, thereby improving the nailfold static parameter measurement accuracy.

Variability of bio-optical properties of Sundarbans mangrove estuarine ecosystem using elemental analysis, Sentinel 3 OLCI imageries and neural network models

Coastal water bodies face significant contamination risks stemming from various factors, such as growing populations, rapid urban development, dam construction, heightened industrial operations (notably in ports), and increasing tourism activities. The release of untreated sewage from municipalities, industrial discharges, and various recreational and commercial activities along the coast significantly deteriorates water quality and presents a serious risk to marine ecosystems, food chains, and human health. Hence, continual monitoring of coastal water quality is essential for the ecological sustainability of marine and aquatic ecosystems. This study examines the spatiotemporal variability of optical characteristics within the Sundarbans estuary system, a transboundary ecosystem shared by India and Bangladesh. The study employs Sentinel-3 OLCI satellite data alongside in-situ measurements of critical water quality parameters, including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), collected from 100 sampling sites across the Sundarbans estuarine system during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods of 2021 and 2022.This study employs the sophisticated C2RCC model, a machine learning-based neural network-driven approach recognized for its robustness and precision. It examines the various bio-optical properties in tropical estuarine environments. The C2RCC model addresses this challenge directly. This advanced processor, powered by neural network technology, effectively interprets the complex optical signals found in Case-2 waters, offering essential insights into their quality. The findings indicate the highest TSM levels during the pre-monsoon seasons of both years. Additionally, the estimated Chl-a concentrations indicated a rise during the monsoon season (0.03–4 mg m3), whereas the intensified pre-monsoon CDOM levels showed consistency across both years. The strong positive correlation observed between in-situ and satellite data, with an average R2 value ranging from 0.90 to 0.99, underscores the reliability of the high-resolution remote sensing approach. The study illustrates the efficacy of OLCI data in observing near-shore and coastal ecosystems, clearly exceeding conventional methods for evaluating Chl-a, TSM, and CDOM. This study underscores the potential of high spatial and spectral resolution of Sentinel-3 Ocean color data for effective monitoring and management of the complex estuarine ecosystem of the Sundarbans. The findings of this study provide important insights to inform the development of sustainable coastal water resource management strategies. Furthermore, the findings will be crucial in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14, which focuses on life below water, particularly in the conservation and management of marine and coastal biodiversity.

Correlation between the Ocular Surface Disease Index and dry eye functional parameters measured with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M in a Hispanic population

Abstract Background: The evaluation of dry eye disease (DED) and the ocular surface can be approached from patient-centered questionnaires, clinical scales using the slit-lamp microscope, and more recently innovative ophthalmological devices that allow for noninvasive tests. The OCULUS Keratograph 5M (K5M) is a device that allows for noninvasive measurement of ocular surface parameters. Materials and Methods: The present article is a retrospective and observational study detailing the correlation of the OCULUS K5M surface parameters and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Patients of any gender and age attending a cornea and refractive surgery practice in an academic center underwent a full ophthalmological examination and tear meniscus height, tear breakup time, bulbar redness, meibography, and OSDI score measurement through the K5M. Results: One hundred and sixty-four eyes of 82 patients were included. The sample showed a female preponderance (78%) and a mean age of 49.45 years. When comparing the OSDI score with ocular surface parameters, a weak negative correlation was found with the tear meniscus height (Pearson coefficient: [ −0.229, P = 0.003]). There were no other statistically significant correlations between the K5M and the OSDI score. In addition, the meibomian gland dropout was significantly associated with increasing age, whereas conjunctivochalasis was associated with the female gender, increasing age and increasing OSDI score. Conclusions: The subjective symptoms of DED measured with OSDI score correlate only with tear meniscus height measured by the K5M in a Hispanic population. The detection of symptomatic DED patients through the K5M is incomplete in this population.

Enzyme-Modified Microelectrode for Simultaneous Local Measurements of O2 and pH.

The use of miniaturized probes opens a new dimension in the analysis of (bio)chemical processes, enabling the possibility to perform measurements with local resolution. In addition, multiparametric measurements are highly valuable for a holistic understanding of the investigated process. Therefore, different strategies have been suggested for simultaneous local measurements of various parameters. Electroanalytical methods are a powerful strategy in this direction. However, they have been mainly restricted to coupling concurrent independent measurements with different miniaturized probes. Here, we present an enzymatic microbiosensor for the simultaneous detection of O2 and pH. The sensing strategy is based on the pH-dependent bioelectrocatalytic process associated with O2 reduction at a gold microelectrode modified with a multicopper oxidase. After initial investigations of the bioelectrocatalytic reaction over gold macroelectrodes, the fabrication and characterization of micrometer-sized probes are presented. The microbioelectrode exhibits a linear current increase with O2 concentration extending to 17.2 mg L-1, with a sensitivity of (5.56 ± 0.13) nA L mg-1 and a limit of detection of (0.5 ± 0.3) mg L-1. Moreover, a linear response allowing pH detection is obtained between pH 5.2 and 7.5 with a slope of -(47 ± 8) mV per pH unit. In addition, two proof-of-concept analytical examples are shown, demonstrating the capability of the developed sensing system for simultaneous local measurements of O2 and pH. Compared with other miniaturized probes reported before for simultaneous detection, our strategy stands out as the two investigated parameters are acquired from the very same measurement. This strategy greatly simplifies the analytical setup and for the first time provides truly simultaneous local detection in the micrometer scale.

Research on automated verification method for temperature-related tests of electrical energy meters

Abstract Program of pattern evaluation of fixed electrical energy meters-alternating current and GB/T 17215 series of national standards for the examination of energy meter performance by the impact of temperature change, set up a variety of temperature-related test items. Systematic research is possible to conclude that temperature-related tests can be divided into two categories according to the test procedure: Hold at test temperature for a certain period of time, return to the reference temperature and then measure the relevant parameters; measurement of the relevant parameters immediately after a certain period of time at the test temperature. Relevant parameters include errors at different load points and daily timing error of the internal clock of the energy meter. Data processing is undertaken after the test mainly consists of deriving error shift and mean temperature coefficient. This automated calibration method allows you to freely set the test temperature, test duration, reference temperature, stabilization duration, detection parameters, test points and data processing according to the test requirements. The paper explains in detail the application of the automated calibration method to realize typical temperature dependence, test of time-keeping accuracy of the energy meter with temperature and climatic tests (high temperature test, low temperature test and durability test of accuracy) The method breaks the shackles of the traditional calibration method of fixed test temperature, fixed test points and fixed test duration. It can adapt to the development needs of different levels of pattern evaluation of energy meter and national standards, for the laboratory to realize automated testing to provide the basis for industry standards and product testing commissioned inspection.

Use of Lasers in the Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease that causes inflammation of the tissue surrounding an implant. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to assess the effect of the use of lasers in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis in order to estimate its benefits compared with conventional therapies. The review's protocol has been registered on PROSPERO international prospective register. The research strategy was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The inclusion criteria were as follows: in vivo studies, written in English, measurements of clinical parameters, minimum follow-up at 6 months and with nonsurgical control group, studies about photodynamic therapy, randomized clinical trial, and clinical trial. Electronic (on PubMed, Cochrane, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Report Evidence-based Practice Centers databases) and manual searches (in articles' references) were conducted until July 2021. Risk of bias was assessed for each reference thanks to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A total of 12 randomized clinical trials, with a high level of evidence, were selected and investigated in this systematic review. A table summarizes data extracted from these articles. It appears that the parameters improve favorably by using lasers, but without any significant difference. In accordance with the analysis of studies, our results show that laser therapy with specific characteristics allows to obtain beneficial therapeutic effects on wound healing in the short and the medium-term concerning the clinical parameters in the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Concerning its long-term usefulness, it has yet to be confirmed. However, its benefits remains limited since the results agree that the effects of the laser are similar to those obtained by using conventional therapy.

Design and implementation of an accelerating rate calorimeter based on Modelica modeling

The safety of self-reactive chemicals has garnered attention due to their immense destructive power. The use of an accelerating rate calorimeter allows for more accurate measurement and understanding of the kinetic parameters and reaction mechanisms of self-reactive chemicals, thereby reducing the occurrence of major accidents. In this study, a new accelerating rate calorimeter is designed and constructed by combining Modelica and a fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative algorithm. The feasibility of the calorimeter data was verified by using two solutions with significantly different reaction rates: 20 % mass fraction di‑tert‑butyl peroxide/toluene and tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhecanoate. Their thermal hazard characteristic parameters were compared with the literature data. In addition, the risk level of thermal runaway was determined using the Stoessel risk assessment method. These results demonstrate that the accelerating rate calorimeter based on Modelica modeling meets the accuracy of thermal hazard characteristic parameters. It is capable of performing risk assessments for runaway reactions of self-reactive chemicals.

Inductively Coupled in-Circuit Measurement of Two-Port Admittance Parameters

Inductively Coupled in-Circuit Measurement of Two-Port Admittance Parameters

A reduced-order hybrid model for photobioreactor performance and biomass prediction

This paper introduces a hybrid approach for photobioreactor modeling tailored to microalgae cultivation, combining data-driven and mechanistic concepts to improve modeling efficiency and practicality for industrial scale-up applications. Most growth models for microalgae are nonlinear and require experimental measurement of several parameters. The aim of this work is to develop linear practical models for monitoring purposes. A model based on linear coefficients and polynomial features is proposed, balancing interpretability with non-linear representation focusing on model transparency. To simplify the growth model, Taylor series expansion is applied to the Monod and logistic population models. Two scale-specific models are developed and evaluated, offering practical solutions for monitoring microalgae growth in photobioreactors. Therefore, this reduced order representation allows the biomass growth rate to be dependent directly on the biomass concentration. These models do not require exhaustive data collection of substrate concentration over time, making them cost-effective and efficient for industrial applications. This work provides a step forward in photobioreactor modeling, contributing to the sustainable production of microalgae.

High-yield Micro-LED laser transfer accomplished using an ablation-type release material

Micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) is a highly promising technology in the field of new displays, with the mass transfer process involved in its manufacturing process widely regarded as a major barrier to their further development. This study adopts laser transfer technology as the primary solution, using ablation-type transfer release materials that improve chip utilization rates over blister-type release materials. In addition, measurement of the laser transfer parameters, inspection, and laser repair technology are combined to achieve a transfer yield of about 100% to the carrier substrate and a cumulative transfer displacement of less than 1 µm in the Micro-LED inverted chip array. Furthermore, cleaning agents were used to remove adhesive residue from the receiving substrate after transfer, improving the bonding yield between the chip and the thin film transistor driver circuit board. This study provides a feasible solution for Micro-LED mass transfer, which could boost its further development toward commercial application.

Changes in Transient Elastography with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), especially in patients with comorbid diabetes and obesity. This study investigated the effects of GLP-1RAs on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with MASLD, as measured by changes in vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and other clinical parameters in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of 96 patients with MASLD from a multidisciplinary care clinic who completed VCTE at baseline and follow-up within 6-24 months to compare changes in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), as well as other metabolic markers, between GLP-1RA users and nonusers using two-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. We also assessed whether improvements in hepatic steatosis, defined as a change in CAP >38 dB/m as previously described in the literature, were associated with improvement in fibrosis. Results: GLP-1RA use resulted in significant improvements in weight (-8.1 kg vs. -3.5 kg, P = 0.009), body mass index (BMI) (-2.9 kg/m2 vs. -1.3 kg/m2, P = 0.012), alanine aminotransferase (-15.0 IU/L vs. -4.0 IU/L, P = 0.017), aspartate aminotransferase (-5.0 IU/L vs. -1.0 IU/L, P = 0.021), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (-0.7% vs. 0.1%, P = 0.019), and CAP (-59.9 dB/m vs. -29.1 dB/m, P = 0.016). Responders also had significant improvements in weight (-9.2 kg vs. -1.9 kg, P < 0.001), BMI (-3.3 kg/m2 vs. -0.7 kg/m2, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-6.1 mmHg vs. -0.7 mmHg, P = 0.028), HbA1c (-0.8% vs. 0.3%, P < 0.001), and LSM (-1.5 kPa vs. 0.1 kPa, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with MASLD treated with GLP-1RAs showed significant improvements in hepatic steatosis and multiple other metabolic parameters, with weight loss as the proposed mechanism for this liver improvement. In addition, change in CAP >38 dB/m was associated with improvements in LSM and other metabolic parameters, suggesting the clinical utility of VCTE in the surveillance of MASLD.

Exploring the acceptability, and feasibility of a modified virtual reality-based AVATAR therapy in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A case series report

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder poses a complex challenge in psychiatric treatment due to its multifaceted symptomatology. Modified AVATAR therapy, an innovative virtual reality-based intervention integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques such as systematic desensitization, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) approach offers a promising avenue for addressing auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). This case series report investigates the acceptability and feasibility of a modified AVATAR therapy in three patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who experience distressing AVH. The study provides detailed demographic and clinical information, outlines the modified AVATAR therapy protocol, and presents outcomes measured through standardized assessments.The findings indicate a decrease in the severity of AVHs, along with enhancements in overall symptomatology after modified AVATAR therapy sessions. Moreover, qualitative perspectives from patients shed light on their favorable experiences and perceptions of this adapted intervention. Nonetheless, the results exhibited inconsistency across individual cases, underscoring challenges for future research and clinical applications in this domain. Nevertheless, in light of the hurdles accompanying the rehabilitation of schizophrenia patients, along with the evaluation and subsequent measurement of parameters affecting efficacy, modified AVATAR therapy could present a valuable addition to schizophrenia patient care.

Intrasubject and intersubject variability of stabilography parameters in normal conditions and simulated space mission isolation

The state of isolation and confinement causes several symptoms as a psycho-physiological stressor. The crew’s health and condition may play a crucial role in prolonged space sojourns success. However, it’s important to distinguish the role of microgravity from the distress aspect to better understand human physiology in training during space missions. Although stabilography is a commonly used biomechanical technique, there is not enough data on the measurement repeatability. It has already been proven that the stabilograms differ between subjects due to multiple anatomical and physiological characteristics but the intersubject variability remains unclear. The study provides statistical data on 10 different stabilography measurements of 18 participants performed on different days during an analog space mission (5 females and 4 males) and in normal conditions (5 females and 4 males). Descriptive statistics and interclass correlation were used to determine intra- and intersubject variability. Mann-Whitney test was used for group comparison. Isolation was found to significantly impact symmetry and forefoot/backfoot index in trials with eyes open and ellipse area and forefoot/backfoot index in trials with eyes closed. The results show a diverse level of stabilography parameters measurement repeatability. The least stable parameter was the ellipse area (%SD = 45.79 %) and the most stable stance symmetry (%SD = 4.60 %). The results confirm ellipse area and center of pressure path poor repeatability and relative stability of parameters describing load distribution. It also proves the importance of performing multiple trials in stabilography studies to reduce the risk of erroneous results caused by intersubject variability.

Sagittal morphometry of intervertebral spaces in subaxial cervical region of asymptomatic Chinese.

This study aimed to quantify and evaluate morphology of intervertebral space between neighboring cervical units using radiographic imaging indices, to help spine surgeons when performing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery on the Chinese population. The background and imaging parameters of the subjects were assessed. Cervical lateral radiographs were employed to measure the intervertebral height (IH), intervertebral height index (IHI), and segmental lordosis (SL). Endplate parameters measurements were conducted on sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including endplate sagittal diameter (ESD), and endplate concavity depth (ECD). All individuals were divided into three age groups: individuals aged 20-35 were in group A, individuals aged 36-50 were in group B, and individuals aged over 50 were in group C. A comparison of the variables was conducted among the three groups. Additionally, these radiographic parameters were also compared between males and females. A total of 102 individuals were included in this study. IH was greater at C6/7 than those at other segmental levels (p < 0.001). The largest SL values were found at C6/7, while the least were found at C3/4. The superior ESD (ESDs) and ECD (ECDs) of the intervertebral space were significantly greater than those of the inferior endplates (p < 0.05). The ESD and ECD values were the largest at C6/7, while the least at C3/4. Additionally, age and gender had an influence on several parameters. IH was significantly lower in group A compared to group B (p < 0.05) and group C (p < 0.05) from C3/4 level to C6/7 level. ECDs were lower in group A compared to group B (p < 0.05) and group C (p < 0.05) at each level. IH and ESD in males were generally significantly greater than those in females at all levels (p < 0.05). The current study found that C6/7 had the greatest IH, SL, ESD, and ECD values in asymptomatic Chinese. SL gradually increased from C3/4 to C6/7 levels. IH and ECD were significantly associated with age. Males had greater IH and ESD values than females. These findings provide baseline information for planning for selection of anterior screws and intervertebral implants.